This paper addresses the reform of state-owned enterprises in centrally planned economies, specifically the case of Cuba. Some of the major obstacles that hinder restructuring to improve firm ...performance and the fulfilling of their role in the economic system have to do with the fact that those entities are commanded to play monetary and fiscal functions that go well beyond the role of enterprises in economic systems. This paper proposes first ideas for a road map starting with a new way to classify Cuban state companies through their optimisation function. However, the success of such transformation is contingent on other accompanying structural reforms. Keywords: state firm reform, Cuban economy, centrally planned economies, transition El articulo se enmarca en la discusion sobre los problemas de la reforma de las empresas estatales en las economias centralmente planificadas, especificamente en el caso de Cuba. Algunos de los mayores obstaculos para que las empresas mejoren su desempeno y cumplan con su rol en el sistema economico se relacionan con la multiplicidad de objetivos que se les impone centralmente y el ejercicio de funciones monetarias y fiscales ajenas a estas entidades. Para solucionarlo se proponen ideas para una hoja de ruta que comienza por una nueva clasificacion de las empresas estatales cubanas a partir de considerar una funcion de optimizacion diferente. No obstante, se apunta que el exito de esta propuesta depende de otras reformas estructurales acompanantes. Palabras clave: reforma de empresas estatales, economia cubana, economias de planificacion central, transicion
La categoría de los empleos de libre nombramiento y remoción pareciera haberse convertido en una gran incomprendida en el sistema jurídico colombiano. Ello obedece (1) a cierto déficit o confusión en ...punto de su justificación y delimitación conceptual, justificación que debe pasar por la necesidad de explicar la facultad de libre nombramiento y remoción como una modalidad de ejercicio de función política, más que como una especie de la función estrictamente administrativa. La inconsistencia dogmática que comporta el desconocimiento del carácter político de la citada potestad se traduce (2) en la inapropiada formulación de exigencias, como el reclamar que las decisiones de retiro del servicio se apoyen en la utilización del principio de proporcionalidad o el exigir que se deje constancia de los motivos de la desvinculación en la hoja de vida del servidor público. Esto, a pesar de que el acto de remoción del empleo no precise de motivación; y lo más grave aún, (3) a que se enerve hasta casi inutilizar la facultad mencionada. Esto podría tener un impacto nocivo para la buena marcha de las entidades del Estado, por la vía de entender aplicables a los empleos de libre nombramiento y remoción los supuestos de estabilidad laboral reforzada o de retén social que la normatividad vigente y sus desarrollos jurisprudenciales actualmente reconocen.
La propiedad del Estado sobre el subsuelo puede descomponerse en privilegios específicos sobre el uso, goce y disposición de los recursos naturales no renovables que allí se encuentran. Dado que el ...derecho de propiedad puede asumir diferentes estructuras dependiendo de los poderes y prerrogativas que lo integren, la mejor interpretación del derecho de propiedad del Estado sobre los recursos naturales será aquella que armonice mejor los demás principios constitucionales. Uno de esos principios es el de la autonomía territorial. En esta investigación se aboga por el derecho de veto de las comunidades afectadas por la explotación intensiva del subsuelo como límite del derecho de propiedad del Estado.
O trabalho analisa a controvérsia que envolve a natureza jurídica dos bens das empresas estatais brasileiras à luz da recente jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal acerca do controle dos ...recursos públicos que são repassados para pessoas privadas, que a rigor não se sujeitariam à fiscalização pública. Para tanto, investiga-se a delimitação da noção de bens públicos a partir do contraste com o domínio público, da sua relação com as pessoas que embora públicas têm natureza jurídica privada, bem como, a função pública que os bens estatais assumem e o controle que se sujeitam as pessoas privadas aos órgãos públicos a partir de julgado da Corte Constitucional.
The Split-Share Structure Reform granted legitimate trading rights to the state-owned shares of listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs), opening up the gate to China's secondary privatization. The ...expectation of privatization quickly boosted SOE output, profits, and employment, but did not change their operating efficiency and corporate governance. The improvements to SOE performance are positively correlated to government agents' privatization-led incentive of increasing state-owned share value. In terms of privatization methodology, the reform adopted a market mechanism that played an effective information discovery role in aligning the interests of the government and public investors.
Faced with a contemporary state figure that does not achieve its objectives, this article proposes a new conceptualization of the state based on another category of constitutional that has not had ...the necessary boost for the state entity to achieve its objectives: the public power and potentiality, that is, the relationship between the exercise of public power (or kratos) and what can or could be done, that is, the potential. In order to determine this, one reflects on the reality that has surpassed the substantivity of the power codified in the constitutional and legal norms, which causes that this substantivity of the power is meta-codified; in this context, considering also the crisis of effectiveness of the constitutional, it arises the discussion about the meta-normativity, that is to say, the real and effective social application that is made of them, which represents the meta-normative potential. For this reason, in the present work it is suggested as another state category of the constitutional, to the kratos and the potentia, with the purpose of subscribing to a more finished definition of the constitutional that considers the being and the form of being of the political power within a state.
This article evaluates the international location decisions made by public listed Chinese firms during the period 2006–2008, using a Poisson count data regression model. Further, we categorize the ...firms into state-controlled and privately owned according to majority ownership. We find that the determinants of internationalization differ based on ownership. State-controlled firms are attracted to countries with large sources of natural resources and risky political environments. Private firms are more market seekers. Although all firms have strategic intent, the attraction is commercially viable technology rather than core research content. Our findings also show that existing theories can sufficiently explain the actions of private Chinese firms, but adjustments are needed to understand the behavior of state-controlled multinationals.
Blockchain technology provides decentralized consensus and potentially enlarges the contracting space through smart contracts. Meanwhile, generating decentralized consensus entails distributing ...information that necessarily alters the informational environment. We analyze how decentralization relates to consensus quality and how the quintessential features of blockchain remold the landscape of competition. Smart contracts can mitigate informational asymmetry and improve welfare and consumer surplus through enhanced entry and competition, yet distributing information during consensus generation may encourage greater collusion. In general, blockchains sustain market equilibria with a wider range of economic outcomes. We further discuss the implications for antitrust policies targeted at blockchain applications.
•We examine the effect of banking competition on SMEs’ credit constraints in China.•Lower banking market concentration alleviates financing constraints of SMEs.•The joint-stock banks have a larger ...effect than the city commercial banks.•The joint-stock banks have a larger effect than the state-owned banks.•The effect is through prices rather than the offering of relationship lending.
Banking competition may enhance or hinder the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. Using a survey on the financing of such enterprises in China, combined with detailed bank branch information, we investigate how concentration in local banking market affects the availability of credit. We find that lower market concentration alleviates financing constraints. The widespread presence of joint-stock banks has a larger effect on alleviating these constraints, than the presence of city commercial banks, while the presence of state-owned banks has a smaller effect.
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