•A novel evolutionary mechanism for based on reputation consistent strategy times is proposed, in which the reputation income of each player is positive or negative related to its consistent strategy ...times for cooperation or defection at the initial moment of the current time step.•The reward or punishment scheme of the proposed evolutionary mechanism is relatively consistent with the real world understanding of reputation. It’s especially worth pointing out that, when the player’s strategy state changes, the player can get reasonable and timely reward or punishment, which can better promote cooperation compared to existing reputation-based evolutionary mechanisms.•The proposed evolutionary mechanism has the following two advantages in the evolutionary systems. First, the player who has insisted on cooperation for a long time is not inclined to adopt defection. In addition, the player who has long insisted on defection tends to adopt cooperation.•Based on prisoner’s dilemma game (PDG) model, simulation and analysis show that the proposed evolutionary mechanism can better promote cooperation compared to the traditional evolutionary mechanism, and can also speed up the evolutionary process, especially when the reputation factor is large. Furthermore, we also find that the cooperation level enhances when consistent strategy times upper bound becomes larger.
As we all know, the reputation has important influence on individual’s decision-making. How to effectively and objectively measure reputation is very important in based-reputation evolutionary game theory. In this paper, a novel evolutionary mechanism for based on reputation consistent strategy times is proposed, in which the reputation income of each player is positive or negative related to its consistent strategy times for cooperation or defection at the initial moment of the current time step. The reward or punishment scheme of the proposed evolutionary mechanism is relatively consistent with the real world understanding of reputation. It’s especially worth pointing out that, when the player’s strategy state changes, the player can get reasonable and timely reward or punishment, which can better promote cooperation compared to existing reputation-based evolutionary mechanisms. Specifically, the proposed evolutionary mechanism has the following two advantages in the evolutionary systems. First, the player who has insisted on cooperation for a long time is not inclined to adopt defection, mainly because the cost of reputation is too high. In addition, the player who has long insisted on defection tends to adopt cooperation. This is mainly because the reputation of the player is easily restored from notoriety to general. Obviously, the above two points can effectively promote cooperation. Based on prisoner’s dilemma game (PDG) model, simulation and analysis also show that the proposed evolutionary mechanism can better promote cooperation compared to the traditional evolutionary mechanism, and can also speed up the evolutionary process, especially when the reputation factor is large. Furthermore, we also find that the cooperation level enhances when consistent strategy times upper bound becomes larger.
Companies are under increasing pressure to manage their reputation on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. Auditors are a potential source of ESG risk management expertise and ...assurance due to a deep understanding of their client’s ESG-related reputation risk (“ESG risk”) and their assurance reporting expertise. However, provision of nonaudit services by the external auditor is controversial and public accountants are still defining their role in ESG risk control and reporting. We explore whether auditors help companies manage heightened ESG risk in times of reputation crisis, using abnormal negative ESG-related media coverage as a measure of “tainted reputation.” Findings show a positive association between tainted reputation and nonaudit services and between the interaction of tainted reputation and nonaudit services with future firm value. The positive interaction persists when we consider a proxy for other ESG risk management activities in our analyses and for other measures of ESG risk management effectiveness (future stock returns and future tainted reputation). Subsample analyses indicate that results are driven by companies audited by ESG industry specialist auditors, that the association between tainted reputation and nonaudit services is driven by companies owned by institutional shareholders, and that inferences from our results may not hold when ESG risk is dominated by its social component. Using restatements as a proxy, we find no evidence to suggest that the interaction of tainted reputation and nonaudit services is associated with impaired audit quality. Findings demonstrate an empirical linkage between tainted reputation and nonaudit services that is positively associated with future firm value measures.
This paper uses a theoretical model to analyze the interaction between general wine sales and enotourism since many wineries sell wine through wine tours as well as wine to non-tourists. We assume ...that consumers of wine tours, or enotourists, are wine connoisseurs whereas naive wine drinkers drive non-tourism sales. In our model, enotourists use wine tours to judge the quality of the wine, which forms a reputation that is then used by naive wine consumers. We show that wineries may want to decrease (increase) the price of wine via enotourism if their quality is higher (lower) than expected. We analyze this under both exogenous and endogenous quality. We also show that if wineries share a collective reputation, then minimum quality standards can benefit all wineries.
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) greatly improves the traffic environment and life efficiency using messages shared between vehicles. However, due to its complex network structure and high mobility, ...the messages shared between vehicles are not always reliable. To this, we propose a trust management system of IoV based on blockchain, which formalizes a complete vehicle reputation value calculation scheme to deal with the problem of calculating the credibility of messages. The proposed scheme can detect vehicles that send malicious messages and reduce their reputation values for punishing according to the rating mechanism. In addition, we design a blockchain-based data storage system that can prevent attackers from tampering with the reputation values stored in roadside units (RSUs). In view of the lack of calculation basis when roadside units verify the block, we also store the rating list it. Finally, we use the consensus mechanism that combines PoW and PoS to ensure that vehicles with a large change in reputation can be updated to the blockchain first. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has an obvious limitation on malicious vehicles, and improves the accuracy of the vehicles' judgment of events based on the received messages.
Online firestorms pose severe threats to online brand communities. Any negative electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has the potential to become an online firestorm, yet not every post does, so finding ...ways to detect and respond to negative eWOM constitutes a critical managerial priority. The authors develop a comprehensive framework that integrates different drivers of negative eWOM and the response approaches that firms use to engage in and disengage from online conversations with complaining customers. A text-mining study of negative eWOM demonstrates distinct impacts of high- and low-arousal emotions, structural tie strength, and linguistic style match (between sender and brand community) on firestorm potential. The firm’s response must be tailored to the intensity of arousal in the negative eWOM to limit the virality of potential online firestorms. The impact of initiated firestorms can be mitigated by distinct firm responses over time, and the effectiveness of different disengagement approaches also varies with their timing. For managers, these insights provide guidance on how to detect and reduce the virality of online firestorms.
This article develops a reputational theory of political falsehoods. Politicians are motivated by the desire to build a positive reputation, therefore, they will be more likely to deliver false ...statements (incurring the risk of being fact-checked) when the potential benefit outweighs the cost. This happens as new elections come closer, since the electoral benefit of falsehoods increases along with the probability of being checked too late (after the election day). Politicians are less likely to issue falsehoods in detailed statements and in scripted communication, since the reputational cost is higher because such falsehoods would be considered intentional. Conversely, the stronger trust that voters attribute to politicians on issues they own, allows politicians to lie on such topics. Statistical analysis of almost 8000 statements released by politicians and assessed by fact-checkers, in the United States and Italy (2007–2018), supports the hypotheses. The results hold irrespective of party affiliation.
•In indirect reciprocity, individual/entity A assists B with no expectation of direct return.•By assisting B, A earns a positive reputation and is rewarded by observant third parties.•Evolutionary ...biologists and economists have established the vitality of indirect reciprocity.•Indirect reciprocity supports the causal connection of corporate social responsibility to reputation management and resource acquisition.
The concept of indirect reciprocity provides a scientific basis for the strategic value of corporate social responsibility within public relations. In contrast to direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity occurs when an entity other than the recipient rewards a benevolent actor. Drawing primarily upon research from evolutionary biology and economics, this article builds an interdisciplinary case for the reality and efficacy of indirect reciprocity as a strategic means of building reputation and, consequently, establishing relationships that lead to resource acquisition. It concludes with a call for additional, related explorations of disciplines such as psychology, primatology, and neuroscience.
This study examines the impact of self-disclosing incriminating information in the context of organizational crises. Study one indicates that when an organization self-discloses a crisis, ...participants devote less attention to subsequent negative publicity and any attention this information receives has less impact on the organizational post-crisis reputation. An interaction between crisis timing strategy and crisis involvement in study two suggests that if an organization self-discloses a crisis, both participants' attention to negative publicity and the impact of this attention on post-crisis reputation are low, irrespective of crisis involvement. If an organization does not self-disclose a crisis, however, crisis involvement affects consumers' attention to negative publicity but not the impact of this attention on the organizational post-crisis reputation. These findings offer an important indication that organizations in crisis should self-disclose potentially incriminating information.
•Two experimental studies examine the impact of self-disclosure during crises.•Organizational self-disclosure of crises minimizes attention for negative publicity.•Self-disclosure minimizes the impact of negative publicity on reputation.•Self-disclosure is beneficial irrespective of stakeholders' crisis involvement.•Commodity theory offers an explanation for the benefits of self-disclosure.
The present research focuses on the secondary transfer effect of contact, a relatively less researched dimension of intergroup contact, on reconciliation in the context of one of the most intractable ...and longest surviving interethnic conflicts in Europe, the Cyprus conflict. Currently, Cyprus is home to three groups with differential social, economic and political statuses: (1) disadvantaged low‐status Turkish immigrants, (2) simultaneously advantaged (relative to Turkish immigrants) and disadvantaged (relative to Greek Cypriots) Turkish Cypriots and (3) historically advantaged high‐status Greek Cypriots. Across two studies (Study 1 N = 270 and Study 2 N = 501), we test whether and how Turkish immigrants’ contact with Turkish Cypriots shapes Turkish immigrants' support for reconciliation and willingness to live with Greek Cypriots via attitude generalisation. We also investigate whether Turkish immigrants’ perceived ingroup reputation qualifies this process. Controlling for the effects of direct contact with Greek Cypriots, our results show that both quantity and quality of contact with proximal Turkish Cypriots were indirectly associated with greater support for reconciliation with them and more willingness to live with Greek Cypriots via positive attitudes towards the primary (Turkish Cypriots) and positive attitudes towards the secondary (Greek Cypriots), sequentially. Moreover, we found that the perceived higher ingroup reputation across the island positively moderated the indirect effects of primary group contact on support for reconciliation and willingness to live with Greek Cypriots. That is, more contact with the primary outgroup was positively linked to greater support for reconciliation with the distal secondary outgroup Greek Cypriots when perceptions of ingroup reputation were higher.
We propose that category membership can operate as a collective market signal for quality when low-quality producers face higher costs of gaining membership. The strength of membership as a ...collective signal increases with the sharpness of the category boundary, that is,
contrast
. Our empirical study focuses on biodynamic and organic viticulture in Alsace.
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