Dioctophyma renale is the largest nematode that parasites the kidney of domestic, wild, and human mammals, but is found mainly in piscivorous carnivores. It is a parasite that affects more frequently ...the right kidney, which can cause kidney failure and lead the animal to death. The objective of this study was to report the clinical case of a male dog with 10 years of age and weight of 8 kg of Joinville municipality and to describe the surgical procedure of the nephrectomy performed for the removal of the parasite. The diagnosis of the presence of Dioctophyma renale was an accidental finding, after being performed ultrasonography, by other suspicions, and due to the greater health problems, that the dog presented, died days after the surgery.
Dioctophyma renale es el nematodo más grande que parasita el riñón de mamíferos domésticos, salvajes y humanos, pero se encuentra principalmente en carnívoros que se alimentan de peces. Es una parasitosis que afecta con mayor frecuencia al riñón derecho, lo que puede causar insuficiencia renal y llevar al animal a la muerte. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo informar el caso clínico de un perro mestizo, macho, con una edad estimada de 10 años y un peso de 8 kilos del municipio de Joinville y describir el procedimiento quirúrgico de la nefrectomía realizada para la eliminación del parásito. El diagnóstico de la presencia de Dioctophyma renale fue un hallazgo accidental, después de que se realizó una ecografía, debido a otras sospechas y debido a los mayores problemas de salud que tenía el perro, murió días después de la cirugía.
Dioctophyma renale é o maior nematódeo que parasita o rim de mamíferos domésticos, silvestres e humanos, mas é encontrado principalmente em carnívoros piscívoros. É uma parasitose que afeta com mais frequência o rim direito, podendo causar insuficiência renal e levar o animal a morte. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o caso clínico de um cão, sem raça definida (SRD), macho, com idade estimada de 10 anos e peso de 8 quilos do munícipio de Joinville e descrever o procedimento cirúrgico da nefrectomia realizada para a retirada do parasito. O diagnóstico da presença de Dioctophyma renale foi um achado acidental, após ser realizada uma ultrassonografia, por outras suspeitas e devido a maiores problemas de saúde os quais o cão apresentava, morreu dias após a realização da cirurgia.
Patients with radiation-induced meningioma (RIM), most of whom had received head radiation therapy or had been exposed to ionizing radiation during childhood or adolescence, are at risk of developing ...cranial meningiomas throughout their lifetimes because of the long latency period. Although intermediate-to-high–dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk factor for RIM, risk factors for low-dose RIM remain incompletely defined. This study presents the case of a 56-year-old woman diagnosed with radiation-induced giant meningioma 2.5 years after undergoing an interventional embolization procedure for a brain aneurysm. This is the first report of RIM attributable to a brain intervention with an extremely short latency period. The total radiation dose received by the patient during the operation was 1367.3 mGy, representing a low dose. Our case report strengthens the evidence that even low radiation doses can increase the risk of RIM. These findings provide a realistic basis for the theoretical study of RIM and suggest some new ideas for RIM treatment. The need for caution in the use of radioactive treatments and optimization of interventional procedures is highlighted.
In order to explore mechanism and propagation characteristics of rotating stall, the unsteady flow characteristics of a mixed-flow pump are calculated based on SST turbulence model. Based on pressure ...fluctuation characteristics, number of stall cells and circumferential propagation velocity are calculated accurately under different stall conditions. With the circumferential evolution and transfer of stall cell, transient head shows a large periodic fluctuation. Pre-stall stage with weaken dissipation always occurs in the clockwise adjacent path of stall path. When a path is seriously disturbed by stall cell, the blocking effect will change the flow structure of rim flow and intensify the attack angle of downstream path, resulting in the formation of tip initial stall. Then the initial stall cell gradually propagates downstream, and experiences stages of development and attenuation. The fundamental reason for stall propagation is that the existence of stall vortices changes the trajectory of some fluids. The changing trajectory of rim flow is concentrated performance. Hence, distorted rim flow is the main inducement of pre-stall and tip initial stall. Through stall propagation mechanism, stages of flow paths at different time periods can be determined. The results could serve as reference to discover the stall mechanism under critical stall point.
•Number of stall cells and its propagation velocity are accurately calculated.•Pre-stall is the precursor of the path entering stall stage.•Stall cell is generated at LE of rotor tip, propagates along the wingspan direction.•Distorted rim flow is the main inducement of pre-stall and tip initial stall.•Mechanism and propagation characteristics of rotating stall are investigated.
Background:
Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) have been linked to higher clinical disease severity and relapse frequency. However, it remains unclear whether PRLs predict future, long-term disease ...progression.
Objectives:
The study aimed to assess whether baseline PRLs were associated with subsequent long-term (10 years) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) increase and relapse frequency and, if so, whether PRL-associated EDSS increase was mediated by relapse.
Methods:
This retrospective analysis included 172 people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) with 1868 yearly clinical visits over a mean follow-up time of 10.2 years. 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired at baseline and PRLs were assessed on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) images. The associations between PRLs, relapse, and rate of EDSS change were assessed using linear models.
Results:
PRL+ pwMS had greater overall annual relapse rate (β = 0.068; p = 0.010), three times greater overall odds of relapse (exp(β) = 3.472; p = 0.009), and greater rate of yearly EDSS change (β = 0.045; p = 0.010) than PRL− pwMS. Greater PRL number was associated with greater odds of at least one progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) episode over follow-up (exp(β) = 1.171, p = 0.009). Mediation analysis showed that the association between PRL presence (yes/no) and EDSS increase was 96.7% independent of relapse number.
Conclusion:
PRLs are a marker of aggressive ongoing disease inflammatory activity, including more frequent future clinical relapses and greater long-term, relapse-independent disability progression.
•2D ambient cavity is designed to observe near nozzle flow, rim structures have been studied.•The rim is the transition state from continuous liquid phase to discrete droplets.•A new flash boiling ...breakup mechanism is established.
Flash boiling is an important phenomenon in internal multiphase flow and could lead to unique spray structures. Many researchers have investigated this phenomenon using optical diagnostic methods, and progress has been made in spray morphology studies as well as bubble dynamics inside the nozzle. However, the detailed transition mechanism from in-nozzle bubble to out-nozzle spray droplets has not been experimentally observed, and present theories could not elaborate the morphology change in the micro-scale droplets with high velocities. To illustrate the transition procedure from bubble to droplets of flash boiling bubbles, high-speed imaging technique is adopted on a specially designed optical nozzle with a two-dimensional ambient cavity to investigate the transition from in-nozzle flash boiling bubbles to out-nozzle spray droplets. A unique rim-like structure has been observed, and quantitative and qualitative analyses are made to figure out the nature of this rim. Based on the study, the driving force, as well as the transition process of flash boiling bubbles, has been demonstrated in detail, it is found that under high superheated degrees, the bubble burst process is governed by joint effort of thermal phase change and mechanical deformation. Based on the observed phenomena and theoretical analysis, a new flash boiling spray breakup theory that coincides with the actual physical process has been established.
As the aviation industry seeks sustainable propulsion solutions, innovative technologies have emerged, among which rim-driven fan (RDF) systems hold notable promise. This comprehensive review paper ...deeply investigates RDF technology, uncovering its principles, benefits, and transformative potential for aviation propulsion. Amid escalating concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, the aviation sector’s shift towards electric propulsion has gained impetus. RDF technology has emerged as a beacon of optimism, heralding the prospect of energy-efficient and eco-conscious air travel. Navigating the slower development pace of RDF technology for aerospace applications, this paper draws insights from analogous marine technologies and relevant literature. Merging these realms, this paper meticulously examines RDF systems, spotlighting their unique attributes, with particular emphasis on the rim-driven configuration and its fundamental design principles. This review delves into the progressive strides accomplished in RDF’s evolution, encompassing the spectrum from evolving electric motor variants to intricate design considerations, strategic noise and vibration management, innovative control methodologies, advancements in bearing technology, and the strategic integration of finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for comprehensive performance optimization. In the context of aviation’s electrification journey, the exploration of RDF technology marks a pivotal inflection point. This paper concludes by succinctly encapsulating pivotal insights, accentuating RDF technology’s central role in reshaping aviation’s propulsion paradigm. As the aviation sector charts a course towards sustainable progress, the lessons gleaned from RDF technology are poised to chart the trajectory of aviation’s environmental transformation.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been particularly high among immigrant populations, whose experience is shaped by a history of racism and discriminations, and distrust of the healthcare system. In ...this study we draw from the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among immigrants in Chicago.
A mixed-methods approach comprising of both focus groups and a health survey was conducted from February to August 2022. Five focus groups were held (N = 35) among Black, Asian and Arab/Palestine participants to understand attitudes and beliefs around the COVID-19 vaccine. Focus groups were analyzed using a modified template approach to text analysis. Based on these findings and themes, we developed a survey that was conducted among 413 immigrants from the mentioned communities. We used hierarchical ordinal regression analyses to examine the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccination status.
Qualitative analysis suggest that the major factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy included fear of adverse reactions, misinformation around COVID-19 and the vaccine, negative social norms around vaccination, and external pressure to get vaccinated. From our quantitative analysis we found that 24% of participants were unvaccinated, 5% were partially vaccinated, 32.3% were vaccinated but not boosted, and 39% were vaccinated and boosted for COVID-19. Hierarchical regression models suggest that immigrants who hold negative attitudes and social norms around the COVID-19 vaccine are less likely to vaccinate.
Understanding vaccine hesitancy among immigrants allows for the creation of culturally and linguistically tailored education that can be utilized to increase vaccine confidence and uptake.
Background:
Paramagnetic rims have been observed as a feature of some multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on susceptibility-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and indicate compartmentalized ...inflammation.
Objective:
To investigate clinical, MRI, and intrathecal (cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) associations of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) using 3T MRI in MS.
Methods:
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. All patients underwent 3T MRI using a T2*-weighted sequence with susceptibility postprocessing (susceptibility-weighted angiography (SWAN) protocol, GE). SWAN-derived filtered-phase maps and corresponding T2-FLAIR images were manually reviewed to determine PRL. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and regression determined demographic, clinical, MRI, and CSF associations with PRL.
Results:
A total of 147 MS patients were included; 79 of whom had available CSF. Forty-three percent had at least one PRL. PRL status (presence/absence) did not vary by sex or Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) but was associated with younger age, shorter disease duration, worse disease severity, high-efficacy therapy use, and poorer dexterity, as well as lower age-adjusted brain volumes and cognitive processing speeds. PRL status was moreover associated with blood–brain barrier disruption as determined by pathologically elevated albumin quotient. Sensitivity analyses remained supportive of these findings.
Conclusion:
PRLs, an emerging noninvasive biomarker of chronic neuroinflammation, are confirmed to be associated with greater disease severity and newly shown to be preliminarily associated with blood–brain barrier disruption.
Compared with on-road vehicles, emission from ships is one of the least-regulated anthropogenic emission sources and non-negligible source of primary aerosols and gas-phase precursors of PM2.5. The ...Bohai Rim Region in China hosts dozens of large ports, two of which ranked among the top ten ports in the world. To determine the impact of ship emissions on the PM2.5 concentrations over this region, two parts of works have been conducted in this study. First, a detailed ship emission inventory with high spatiotemporal resolution was developed based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Then the WRF/Chem model was applied to modeling the impact of ship emissions by comparing two scenarios: with and without ship emissions. The results indicate that the total estimated ship emissions of SO2, NOX, PM10, PM2.5, CO, HC, and CO2 from Bohai Rim Region in 2014 are 1.9×105, 2.9×105, 2.6×104, 2.4×104, 2.5×104, 1.2×104, and 1.3×107tonnes, respectively. The modeling results indicate that the annual PM2.5 concentrations increased by 5.9% on land areas of Bohai Rim Region (the continent within 115.2°E–124.3°E and 36.1°N–41.6°N) due to ship emissions. The contributions show distinctive seasonal variations of contributions, presenting highest in summer (12.5%) followed by spring (6.9%) and autumn (3.3%), and lowest in winter (0.9%). The contribution reaches up to 10.7% along the shoreline and down to 1.0% 200km inland. After examining the statistics of the modeling results during heavy and non-heavy haze days in July, it was found that 6 out of 9 cities around the Bohai Rim Region were observed with higher contributions from ship emissions during heavy haze days compared with non-heavy haze days. These results indicate that the impacts of ship emissions on the ambient PM2.5 are non-negligible, especially for heavy haze days for most coastal cities in the Bohai Rim Region.
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•Impact of ship emissions on PM2.5 in Bohai Rim Region (BRR) was estimated by WRF/Chem.•Ship emission inventory with high spatiotemporal resolution was developed in the area.•Average contribution of ship emissions to PM2.5 in land areas of BRR was 5.9% in 2014.•The average contributions were 10.7% along the shoreline and down to 1.0% 200km inland.•Ship contributions in most coastal cities were bigger in haze period than other days.
Dioctophyma renale is a parasite that affects the kidney of dogs and other species. The infection is acquired by ingestion of larvae that may be present in fish, frogs or aquatic annelids. This ...parasite is usually found in the right kidney and can also be seen in the left kidney, abdominal cavity, subcutaneous tissue, bladder and rarely in the testicles. The infection is usually asymptomatic and clinical signs such as inappetence, dysuria and renal colic may occur. Diagnosis is made by the presence of parasite eggs in the urine, imaging tests, and in most cases performed by necropsy, or findings during surgical procedures. The recommended treatment is surgical removal of the nematode, in early diagnosed cases, and in late cases, nephrectomy of the affected kidney. This study aimed to report a case of dioctophimosis in a dog in the city of Valença, RJ, where nephrectomy of the affected kidney was performed after parasitosis was diagnosed by ultrasound examination.
Dioctophyma renale es un parásito que afecta el riñón de los perros y otras especies. La infección se adquiere por la ingestión de larvas que pueden estar presentes en peces, ranas o anélidos acuáticos. Este parásito generalmente se encuentra en el riñón derecho y también se puede ver en el riñón izquierdo, la cavidad abdominal, el tejido subcutáneo, la vejiga y rara vez en los testículos. La infección suele ser asintomática y pueden aparecer signos clínicos como inapetencia, disuria y cólico renal. El diagnóstico se realiza por la presencia de huevos de parásitos en la orina, exámenes de imágenes y, en la mayoría de los casos, realizadas por necropsia o hallazgos durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos. El tratamiento recomendado es la extirpación quirúrgica del nematodo, en los casos de diagnóstico temprano y, en los casos tardíos, la nefrectomía del riñón afectado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo informar un caso de dioctofimosis en un perro en la ciudad de Valença, RJ, donde se realizó la nefrectomía del riñón afectado después de que se diagnosticara parasitosis mediante examen de ultrasonido.
O Dioctophyma renale é um parasita que acomete o rim de cães e outras espécies, sendo a infecção adquirida pela ingestão de larvas que podem estar presentes em peixes, rãs ou anelídeos aquáticos. Esse parasita normalmente é encontrado no rim direito, podendo ser observado também em rim esquerdo, cavidade abdominal, tecido subcutâneo, bexiga e raramente nos testículos. A infecção geralmente apresenta-se assintomática, podendo ocorrer sinais clínicos como inapetência, disúria e cólica renal. O diagnóstico é feito através da presença de ovos do parasita na urina, exames de imagem, e na maioria dos casos realizado pela necropsia, ou achados durante procedimentos cirúrgicos. O tratamento recomendado é a remoção cirúrgica do nematódeo, em casos diagnosticados precocemente, e em casos tardios, a nefrectomia do rim afetado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso de dioctofimose em um cão no Município de Valença, RJ, onde foi realizada a nefrectomia do rim afetado, após ter sido diagnosticado a parasitose através de exame ultrassonográfico.
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