Following changes in vegetation structure and pattern, along with a changing climate, large wildfire incidence has increased in forests throughout the western United States. Given this increase, ...there is great interest in whether fuels treatments and previous wildfire can alter fire severity patterns in large wildfires. We assessed the relative influence of previous fuels treatments (including wildfire), fire weather, vegetation, and water balance on fire-severity in the Rim Fire of 2013. We did this at three different spatial scales to investigate whether the influences on fire severity changed across scales. Both fuels treatments and previous low to moderate-severity wildfire reduced the prevalence of high-severity fire. In general, areas without recent fuels treatments and areas that previously burned at high severity tended to have a greater proportion of high-severity fire in the Rim Fire. Areas treated with prescribed fire, especially when combined with thinning, had the lowest proportions of high severity. The proportion of the landscape burned at high severity was most strongly influenced by fire weather and proportional area previously treated for fuels or burned by low to moderate severity wildfire. The proportion treated needed to effectively reduce the amount of high severity fire varied by spatial scale of analysis, with smaller spatial scales requiring a greater proportion treated to see an effect on fire severity. When moderate and high-severity fire encountered a previously treated area, fire severity was significantly reduced in the treated area relative to the adjacent untreated area. Our results show that fuels treatments and low to moderate-severity wildfire can reduce fire severity in a subsequent wildfire, even when burning under fire growth conditions. These results serve as further evidence that both fuels treatments and lower severity wildfire can increase forest resilience.
Objetivos: analisar de que forma ocorre o acolhimento do paciente renal crônico para o tratamento hemodialitico pelo enfermeiro na admissão em uma clínica de Hemodiálise. Método: Estudo descritivo ...exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizada nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2018. Os participantes do estudo foram 16 enfermeiros que atuavam há pelo menos seis meses na área de hemodiálise, e excluídos os que não realizam assistência direta ao paciente. Resultados: As falas evidenciam que os enfermeiros executam procedimentos burocráticos rotineiros na admissão, identificam as necessidades de cuidado relacionados principalmente ao acesso, orientam para o autocuidado e que tem muitos pacientes sob sua supervisão dificultando a realização de uma assistência completa. Conclusão: o ato de acolher é executado, na busca da construção do vínculo profissional-paciente, orientando ao auto cuidado, mostrando formas de adaptação ao novo tratamento e o seu reflexo na qualidade de vida do paciente.
Objetivos: analisar de que forma ocorre o acolhimento do paciente renal crônico para o tratamento hemodialitico pelo enfermeiro na admissão em uma clínica de Hemodiálise. Método: Estudo descritivo ...exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizada nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2018. Os participantes do estudo foram 16 enfermeiros que atuavam há pelo menos seis meses na área de hemodiálise, e excluídos os que não realizam assistência direta ao paciente. Resultados: As falas evidenciam que os enfermeiros executam procedimentos burocráticos rotineiros na admissão, identificam as necessidades de cuidado relacionados principalmente ao acesso, orientam para o autocuidado e que tem muitos pacientes sob sua supervisão dificultando a realização de uma assistência completa. Conclusão: o ato de acolher é executado, na busca da construção do vínculo profissional-paciente, orientando ao auto cuidado, mostrando formas de adaptação ao novo tratamento e o seu reflexo na qualidade de vida do paciente.
Objetivos: analisar de que forma ocorre o acolhimento do paciente renal crônico para o tratamento hemodialitico pelo enfermeiro na admissão em uma clínica de Hemodiálise. Método: Estudo descritivo ...exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizada nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2018. Os participantes do estudo foram 16 enfermeiros que atuavam há pelo menos seis meses na área de hemodiálise, e excluídos os que não realizam assistência direta ao paciente. Resultados: As falas evidenciam que os enfermeiros executam procedimentos burocráticos rotineiros na admissão, identificam as necessidades de cuidado relacionados principalmente ao acesso, orientam para o autocuidado e que tem muitos pacientes sob sua supervisão dificultando a realização de uma assistência completa. Conclusão: o ato de acolher é executado, na busca da construção do vínculo profissional-paciente, orientando ao auto cuidado, mostrando formas de adaptação ao novo tratamento e o seu reflexo na qualidade de vida do paciente.
Core-rim structure has distinct advantage to improve the performances of KNN-based piezoceramics. Whereas the state of the core-rim structure is difficult to control during sintering. Here, the ...core-rim structured 0.96(K0.51Na0.47Li0.02)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3-0.04CaZrO3 (KNLNT) ceramics were both obtained by conventional sintering (CS) and rapid sintering (RS). KNLNT ceramics prepared by rapid sintering exhibit more outstanding controllability on grain growth and core-rim structure and can hold the core/rim size ratio in a stable and favorable level due to extended effective range of grain boundary diffusion in densification. Benefiting from the controllable microstructure, the RS method prepared samples show excellent performance. The unipolar strain value of RS-1240 (Smax=0.252%) is 2.07 times as much as CS-1110 (Smax=0.122%). Large strain, low hysteresis and low dielectric permittivity features make the core-rim structured KNLNT ceramics a potential material for pulse drive applications and demonstrate that the manual precise control of core-rim structure could create many possibilities on materials design.
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ESP in the Pacific Rim Coxhead, Averil; Ballance, Oliver
English for specific purposes (New York, N.Y.),
April 2020, 2020-04-00, Letnik:
58
Journal Article
Porous media are ubiquitous, a key component of the water cycle and locus of many biogeochemical transformations. Mapping media architecture and interstitial flows have been challenging because of ...the inherent difficulty of seeing through solids. Previous works used particle image velocimetry (PIV) coupled with refractive index‐matching (RIM) to quantify interstitial flows, but they were limited to specialized and often toxic fluids that precluded investigating biological processes. To address this limitation, we present a low‐cost and scalable method based on RIM coupled PIV (RIM‐PIV) and planar laser induced fluorescence (RIM‐PLIF) to simultaneously map both media architecture and interstitial velocities. Our method uses irregularly shaped grains made of a fluorocarbon plastic with refractive index of 1.36 and specific gravity of 1.93. This allows using a water–glycerin solution for the RIM fluid. By using RIM‐PIV, we mapped media structure with 2% accuracy, which improved to 0.2% with RIM‐PLIF because of improved image contrast.
Plain Language Summary
Pore flows, the flow of water between sediments grains, impact biological, ecological, and engineering processes because they regulate the movement of water and the transformation of water laden solutes. Typically, the water moves slowly as is passes through the grains and, in addition, is in contact with the grain surfaces (a substantial surface area) such that biological and chemical processes are facilitated. These flows are important from headwater streambeds to ocean floors as well as from packed beds in chemical engineering to filtration beds in environmental engineering. However, the inherent difficulty to gain optical access to the grain bed has challenged advances in understanding physical and biochemical processes in the pore spaces. Here, we present a low‐cost and scalable method to map both the architecture of a bed of irregular shaped grains as well as the pore flow velocities. We describe the selection and preparation of a transparent sediment grains coupled with a nontoxic aqueous fluid and then the novel methods to determine bed architecture. The results include accurately mapping the architecture of a bed of over 100 irregular shape grains (∼2 mm in size) and measurement of the water velocity through the pores of the bed.
Key Points
A low‐cost and scalable experimental method is developed to simultaneously map porous media architecture and interstitial fluid velocities
The method uses an inexpensive and biologically friendly aqueous fluid and a easily moldable transparent sediment simulant material
The method uses molded calibration grains in order to quantify the porous media architecture reconstruction
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