Egypt under the Romans (30 BCE–3rd century CE) was a period when local deserts experienced an unprecedented flurry of activity. In the Eastern Desert, a marked increase in desert traffic came from ...imperial prospecting/quarrying activities and caravans transporting wares to and from the Red Sea ports. In the Western Desert, resilient camels slowly became primary beasts of burden in desert travel, enabling caravaneers to lengthen daily marching distances across previously inhospitable dunes. Desert road archaeology has used satellite imaging, landscape studies and network analysis to plot desert trail networks with greater accuracy; however, it is often difficult to date roadside installations and thus assess how these networks evolved in scope and density in reaction to climatic, social and technological change. Roads in the Deserts of Roman Egypt examines evidence for desert roads in Roman Egypt and assesses Roman influence on the road density in two select desert areas: the central and southern section of the Eastern Desert and the central Marmarican Plateau and discusses geographical and social factors influencing road use in the period, demonstrating that Roman overseers of these lands adapted remarkably well to local desert conditions, improving roads and developing the trail network. Crucially, the author reconceptualises desert trails as linear corridor structures that follow expedient routes in the desert landscape, passing through at least two functional nodes attracting human traffic, be those water sources, farmlands, mines/quarries, trade hubs, military installations or actual settlements. The ‘route of least resistance’ across the desert varied from period to period according to the available road infrastructure and beasts of burden employed. Roman administration in Egypt not only increased the density of local desert ‘node’ networks, but also facilitated internodal connections with camel caravans and transformed the Sahara by establishing new, or embellishing existing, nodes, effectively funnelling desert traffic into discernible corridors.Significantly, not all desert areas of Egypt are equally suited for anthropogenic development, but almost all have been optimised in one way or another, with road installations built for added comfort and safety of travellers. Accordingly, the study of how Romans successfully adapted to desert travel is of wider significance to the study of deserts and ongoing expansion due to global warming.
The bathing complex in Domavia (near modern Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina), drew our attention as one of the most interesting and yet still unexplored bathing complexes at the territory of the ...ancient Roman province of Dalmatia. It was discovered more than a hundred years ago by Ljudevit Pogatschnig during the excavation of the site called Gradina, unearthed to a significant extent, and rather well documented by Vaclav Radimský in his reports from 1892 and 1894. Unfortunately, although this monumental and lavishly decorated bathing complex differs in many respects from the majority of ancient baths around the Roman world, and is a superb testament to the social conditions, wealth and overall culture of Domavia, an official mining centre from the time of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, its remains (except for the mosaics) never spurred further academic interest. This paper deals with the unusual arrangement and structure of the complex, its way of functioning, its rich decoration and quite substantial epigraphic material. All these contribute not only to the better understanding of life in ancient Domavia and northern part of the Roman province of Dalmatia, but also to the general knowledge and understanding of Roman baths, their types and distinctive features. For their unique structure and character, we labelled Domavia baths – balnea metallicorum, arguing that they were designed for specific purposes and specific needs of their customers. We are also convinced that they were not an isolated example of this kind of baths at the territory of the Roman province.
This original contribution to hemispheric American literary studies comprises readings of three important novels from Mexico, Canada, and the United States: Carlos Fuentes's Terra Nostra, Quebecois ...writer Jacques Poulin's Volkswagen Blues, and Native American writer Leslie Marmon Silko's Almanac of the Dead. The encyclopedic novel has particular generic characteristics that serve these writers as a vehicle for the reincorporation of hemispheric histories. Starting with an examination of Moby-Dick as precursor, Barrenechea shows how this narrative genre allows Fuentes, Poulin, and Silko to reflect the interconnected world of today, as well as to dramatize indigenous and colonial values in their narratives. His close attention to written documents, visual representations, and oral traditions in these encyclopedic novels sheds light on their comparative cultural relations and the New World from pole to pole. This study amplifies the scope of "America" across cultures and languages, time and tradition.
Applying immigrant psychology to literary analysis, Madelaine Hron examines the ways in which different forms of physical and psychological pain are expressed in a wide variety of texts.
This paper considers the following three Roman domination graph invariants on
Kneser graphs:
Roman domination, total Roman domination, and signed Roman domination.
For Kneser graph $K_{n,k}$, we ...present exact values for Roman domination
number $\gamma_{R}(K_{n,k})$ and total Roman domination number
$\gamma_{tR}(K_{n,k})$ proving that for $n\geqslant k(k+1)$,
$\gamma_{R}(K_{n,k}) =\gamma_{tR}(K_{n,k}) = 2(k+1)$. For signed Roman
domination number $\gamma_{sR}(K_{n,k})$, the new lower and upper bounds for
$K_{n,2}$ are provided: we prove that for $n\geqslant 12$, the lower bound is
equal to 2, while the upper bound depends on the parity of $n$ and is equal to
3 if $n$ is odd, and equal to $5$ if $n$ is even. For graphs of smaller
dimensions, exact values are found by applying exact methods from literature.
This volume, authored by outstanding papyrologists and historians of ancient medicine, deals with topics focused on the papyrological evidence of ancient medical texts and contexts. The first part ...contains some new reflections on important sources such as the Anonymus Londinensis and the Hippocratic corpus, the second part collects papers about the “doctors’ context”, and the final part is focused on the digitisation of the medical papyri.
La moneda romana presenta una gran variedad de mensajes iconográficos que muestran la gran relación que hubo entre la religión tradicional, la transmisión de mensajes por parte del Estado y la ...moneda. En este artículo se analizan algunos de estos mensajes y la vinculación existente entre la moneda y el sacrilegio. Para ello se han seleccionado piezas clave dentro de la amonedación romana tardorrepublicana y altoimperial, abarcando un marco cronológico que data, de manera aproximada entre el 133 a.C. y el 192 d.C. y se ha estudiado la vinculación existente entre los tipos expuestos y su contexto sociopolítico.
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