Roman law is widely considered to be the foundation of European legal culture and an inherent source of unity within European law. Roman Law and the Idea of Europe explores the emergence of this idea ...of Roman law as an idealized shared heritage, tracing its origins among exiled German scholars in Britain during the Nazi regime. The book follows the spread and influence of these ideas in Europe after the war as part of the larger enthusiasm for European unity. It argues that the rise of the importance of Roman law was a reaction against the crisis of jurisprudence in the face of Nazi ideas of racial and ultranationalistic law, leading to the establishment of the idea of Europe founded on shared legal principles. With contributions from leading academics in the field as well as established younger scholars, this volume will be of immense interests to anyone studying intellectual history, legal history, political history and Roman law in the context of Europe.
During the early modern period, thousands of Jesuits across Europe wrote individual applications for appointments in the “Indies” directly to the superior general of the Society of Jesus in Rome. ...Known today as litterae indipetae (from Indias petere, that is, applying for the missions in the Eastern and Western territories), these letters encompassed the most personal desires, hopes, and dreams of young Jesuits who sought to become missionaries. This book is the first English monograph on litterae indipetae and studies their style and structure, the background of their authors and the reasons behind their choices, as well as the network surrounding this practice (natural and spiritual families, procurators, confrères). Its purpose is also to capture the experiences of these individuals since lost to history by studying thousands of indipetae, in this case written mainly by Italian Jesuits at the turn of the eighteenth century. It focuses especially on the petitions aimed at East Asia, and offers in-depth analysis of cases of Jesuits whose missionary zeal for China and Japan was fulfilled—or not.
The Modern Hercules J.L. Blanshard, Alastair; Stafford, Emma
10/2020, Letnik:
21
eBook
The Modern Hercules explores the reception of the ancient Greek hero Herakles - the Roman Hercules - in western culture from the nineteenth century to the present day, exploring the hero's ...transformations of identity and significance in a wide range of media.
Bringing together specialists in ancient history, archaeology and Roman law, this book provides new perspectives on long-distance trade in the Roman world. Recent archaeological work has shown that ...maritime trade across the Mediterranean intensified greatly at the same time as the Roman state was extending its power overseas. This book explores aspects of this development and its relationship with changes in the legal and institutional apparatus that supported maritime commerce. It analyses the socio-legal framework within which maritime trade was conducted, and in doing so presents a new understanding of the role played by legal and social institutions in the economy of the Roman world.
Patients and Healers in the High Roman Empire offers a fascinating holistic look at the practice of ancient Roman medicine. Ido Irsaelowich presents three richly detailed case studies—one focusing on ...the home and reproduction; another on the army; the last on medical tourism—from the point of view of those on both sides of the patient-healer divide. He explains in depth how people in the classical world became aware of their ailments, what they believed caused particular illnesses, and why they turned to certain healers—root cutters, gymnastic trainers, dream interpreters, pharmacologists, and priests—or sought medical care in specific places such as temples, bath houses, and city centers.
The book brings to life the complex behavior and social status of all the actors involved in the medical marketplace. It also sheds new light on classical theories about sickness, the measures Romans undertook to tackle disease and improve public health, and personal expectations for and evaluations of various treatments.
Ultimately, Israelowich concludes that this clamoring multitude of coexisting forms of health care actually shared a common language. Drawing on a diverse range of sources—including patient testimonies; the writings of physicians, historians, and poets; and official publications of the Roman state—Patients and Healers in the High Roman Empire is a groundbreaking history of the culture of classical medicine.
The Montefiascone Volcanic Complex belongs to the Vulsini Mts. volcanic district, one of the several leucite-bearing ultrapotassic Pleistocene volcanoes of the Roman Province (Central Italy). It is ...characterized by abundant pyroclastic successions and minor lava flows emplaced during a caldera formation phase occurred ∼0.3–0.2 Ma. The volcanic products span from leucite-basanites and leucite-tephrites to rarer leucitites and melilitites, occasionally associated with very rare kalsilite melilitolite ejecta. Here we report for the first time the presence of primary kalsilite in two lava flows in Forcinella and Feltricci localities, identifying a kamafugitic component among the Montefiascone volcanics.
Detailed petrographic, SEM and EPMA studies on ten samples from the two localities revealed, in addition to kalsilite, variable amounts of clinopyroxene, melilite, leucite and nepheline plus rarer olivine coupled with carbonate-bearing segregation pockets in the groundmass. Geochemical and isotopic data confirm the exotic nature of the analysed rocks, showing ultrabasic/basic (SiO2 = 42.15–45.94 wt%) and ultrapotassic (K2O = 6.17–8.48 wt%; K2O/Na2O = 5.3–8.7) compositions, as well as strongly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr (0.71038–0.711068), poorly radiogenic 143Nd/144Nd (0.512057.512091) and uniform middle radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb (18.76–18.78). Boron isotopes (δ11B ranges from 7.36 to 8.82‰) almost overlaps the typical MORB-OIB range values.
These geochemical features recall those of the nearby kamafugite rocks from the Intra-Apennine Province. Major oxide and trace element modelling support fractionation links among the Italian kamafugite types. The overall geochemical and isotopic signatures speak for a common strongly subduction-metasomatized and orthopyroxene-free lithospheric mantle source. As already proposed for some nearby kamafugite centres in central Italy, limestone assimilation during magma ascent is a viable option to explain the mineralogical and whole-rock composition of Montefiascone lavas (i.e., the presence of carbonate plagues in the lava groundmass). This is particularly relevant considering the thick sedimentary sequence pierced by the limited volume of the upwelling magma. On the other hand, many other key features (such as the general lack of crustal xenoliths, the overall incompatible element fractionation and the radiogenic Sr isotopic ratios) clearly require also derivation from subduction-modified mantle sources.
•New kamafugite occurrence in Pleistocene leucite-rich ultrapotassic volcanics, Italy.•Whole-rock data point to a mantle source rich in phlogopite, clinopyroxene, carbonate.•Mass balance models support fractional crystallization links among kamafugite melts.
"Lyde Green Roman Villa, Emersons Green, South Gloucestershire was excavated between mid-2012 and mid-2013 along with its surroundings and antecedent settlement. The excavations took place as part of ...the Emersons Green East Development Area, funded through the mechanism of commercial archaeology by Gardiner & Theobald LLP. The results of the stratigraphic analysis are given here along with specialist reports on the human remains, pottery (including thin sections), ceramic building material, small finds, coinage and iron-working waste. Six open-area excavations allowed the archaeologists the rare opportunity to trace a substantial part of the site’s layout. Three ancillary buildings within the villa compound, including a bathhouse, were excavated. Evidence of advanced water management was uncovered in the form of lead piping, ceramic drain tiles and an enigmatic stone structure built into a canalised spring line. The villa’s economy included stock raising, crop processing and iron and textile production. The settlement appears to have originated in the mid-1st century AD, or slightly earlier. "
Different methods of estimating the Gross Domestic Product of the Roman Empire in the second century C.E. produce convergent results that point to total output and consumption equivalent to 50 ...million tons of wheat or close to 20 billion sesterces per year. It is estimated that élites (around 1.5 per cent of the imperial population) controlled approximately one-fifth of total income, while middling households (perhaps 10 per cent of the population) consumed another fifth. These findings shed new light on the scale of economic inequality and the distribution of demand in the Roman world.
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