Romsko stanovništvo danas čini jednu od najstarijih manjinskih skupina u Hrvatskoj, a njihovo naseljavanje na ovom području bilježi se od druge polovine XIV. st. Odnos hrvatskih vlasti prema njima ...često je bio obilježen represivno-asimilacijskom politikom, koju danas neki znanstvenici smatraju dijelom šire europske anticiganističke politike. Stradanje Roma u Drugom svjetskom ratu u Europi, uključujući Nezavisnu Državu Hrvatsku, može se smatrati vrhuncem takve anticiganističke politike. U radu se posebno analizira stradanja Roma na širem bjelovarsko-bilogorskom području, tj. području Velike župe Bilogora. Tako su analizirana pitanja odnosa lokalnih (ustaških) vlasti prema Romima, ali i drugim pitanjima, poput deportacije Roma u jasenovački koncentracijski logor, oduzimanje njihove imovine, primjer otpora Roma (sudjelovanje u Narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi) i razmjeri njihova stradanja. U istraživanju se većinom koriste spisi Državnog arhiva u Bjelovaru i Hrvatskog državnog arhiva, lokalna periodika i relevantna literatura.
Over 16,000 people belong to the Roma national minority in the Republic of Croatia. Given the fact that they do not have their own standardized language and orthography, Roma children attend regular ...schools and regular curriculum in the Croatian language. This also implies the acquisition of reading and writing prerequisites prior to enrolment into first grade. The aim of this paper is to examine the level of acquisition of reading and writing prerequisites in Roma children and to determine whether Roma children (N = 56, 62.5% of boys, M = 6 years, 8 months, SD = 0.46) differ from children whose first language is Croatian (N = 55, 50.9% of boys; M = 6 years, 8 months, SD = 0.4) in the development of individual components of reading and writing prerequisites. Testing was performed through selected tasks from the Test for the assessment of reading and writing prerequisites (PredČip test, Kuvač Kraljević & Lenček, 2012). The results were as expected and indicate that Roma children deviate from regular achievement on most of the examined variables. In comparison to the control group of participants, Roma children demonstrated significantly lower results on almost all tested variables, apart from syllable and phonemic blending. The obtained results are an indicator of insufficient acquisition of certain components of reading and writing prerequisites in the Croatian language and insufficiently developed visual-perceptual abilities. Considering that reading and writing prerequisites are the important precondition for fluent reading and writing, it is clear that Roma children are not prepared for school education and that they demonstrate difficulties in keeping up with their peers at the beginning of formal school education. This implies the need for a systematic change of the preschool and school system with regards to this especially vulnerable group of children.
The interpretation of animal sacrifice, now considered the most important ancient Greek and Roman religious ritual, has long been dominated by the views of Walter Burkert, the late J.-P. Vernant, and ...Marcel Detienne. No penetrating and general critique of their views has appeared and, in particular, no critique of the application of these views to Roman religion. Nor has any critique dealt with the use of literary and visual sources by these writers. This book, a collection of essays by leading scholars, incorporates all these subjects and provides a theoretical background for the study of animal sacrifice in an ancient context.
In studies of the Roman elite, scholars have focused on their intensive and restricted commitment to political and military achievement. This book critically considers the lasting exclusivity of this ...way of life, widening the scope of inquiry to demonstrate how the aristocratic environment also integrated literary pursuits, artistic production and pervasive luxury consumption.
"Already in Greek and Roman antiquity a vibrant series of exchange relationships existed between the Mediterranean regions and China, including the Indian subcontinents along well-defined routes we ...call the Silk Roads. Among the many goods that found their way from East to West and vice versa were glass, wine, spices, metals like iron, precious stones as well as textile raw materials and fabrics and silk, a luxury item that was in great demand in the Roman Empire. These collected papers connect research from different areas and disciplines dealing with exchange along the Silk Roads. These historical, philological and archaeological contributions highlight silk as a commodity, gift and tribute, and as a status symbol in varying cultural and chronological contexts between East and West, including technological aspects of silk production. The main period concerns Rome and China in antiquity, ending in the late fifth century CE, with the Roman Empire being transformed into the Byzantine Empire, while the Chinese chronology covers the Han dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Western and Eastern Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms, ending in 420 CE. In addition, both earlier and later epochs are also considered in order to gather an understanding of developments and changes in long-distance and longer-term relations that involved silk."
In a series of pioneering comparative studies, leading historians break new ground by exploring government and power relations in the two largest empires of the ancient world. They shed new light on ...key issues such as elite formation, the rise of bureaucracies, and the determinants of urban development.
This book examines the role of social networks in the formation of identity among sophists, philosophers and Christians in the early Roman Empire. Membership in each category was established and ...evaluated socially as well as discursively. From clashes over admission to classrooms and communion to construction of the group's history, integration into the social fabric of the community served as both an index of identity and a medium through which contests over status and authority were conducted. The juxtaposition of patterns of belonging in Second Sophistic and early Christian circles reveals a shared repertoire of technologies of self-definition, authorization and institutionalization and shows how each group manipulated and adapted those strategies to its own needs. This approach provides a more rounded view of the Second Sophistic and places the early Christian formation of 'orthodoxy' in a fresh context.
Vegetius' late Roman text became a well-known and highly respected 'classic' in the Middle Ages, transformed by its readers into the authority on the waging of war. Christopher Allmand analyses the ...medieval afterlife of the De Re Militari, tracing the growing interest in the text from the Carolingian world to the late Middle Ages, suggesting how the written word may have influenced the development of military practice in that period. While emphasising that success depended on a commander's ability to outwit the enemy with a carefully selected, well-trained and disciplined army, the De Re Militari inspired other unexpected developments, such as that of the 'national' army, and helped create a context in which the role of the soldier assumed greater social and political importance. Allmand explores the significance of the text and the changes it brought for those who accepted the implications of its central messages.
O Plano de Metas foi fundamental para a mudança estrutural produtiva do Brasil no final dos anos 1950, aumentando a participação relativa da indústria na economia e encadeando o desenvolvimento ...industrial para setores mais complexos e intensivos em tecnologia. Uma questão importante é como o Plano de Metas influenciou setores industriais específicos, como o de máquinas e equipamentos. O objetivo do artigo é examinar a evolução da estrutura empresarial e financeira da indústria de máquinas e equipamentos no Brasil, por meio da análise de balanços e registros de documentos na Junta Comercial da Romi e Dedini, as maiores empresas nacionais produtoras de máquinas-ferramentas e equipamentos agrícolas, respectivamente, diante das políticas econômicas derivadas do Plano de Metas, no período de 1955 a 1961. As principais conclusões foram que as políticas do período impactaram positivamente no investimento e negativamente na rentabilidade dessas empresas nacionais de máquinas e equipamentos.
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