The history of the Romani population from their settlement in medieval Europe until today was for the most part marked by periods of violent persecution, which often had the goal to completely ...assimilate them into the majority population of a certain area. Periods of peace and a certain form of peaceful coexistence with the majority population were rare, and the Romani population continued to “survive” on the socio-economic margins of European societies. The Roma had similar predominantly negative historical “experiences” in Croatian areas. Thus, they also experienced periods of repressive assimilation, which reached their climax during the Independent State of Croatia. The Romani population then found itself targeted by Ustasha racial policy and excluded from Croatian society, which led to their deportation, torture, and killing in various concentration camps, primarily Jasenovac. The consequence of this policy was the almost complete demographic “eradication” of the Roma in Croatian areas. The research presented in this paper is focused on the village of Bošnjaci in Srijem (Syrmia), which was home to several hundred Roma before World War II. Most of them led sedentary lifestyles and constituted an integral part of the community through their economic activity, crafts, trade, and agriculture. After the establishment of the IndependentState of Croatia, Ustasha racial policy encompassed this rural community, and as a result the Roma were labelled as “dangerous enemies” and “parasites” upon “the pure Croatian racial body”. The deportation of the Roma was conducted in June 1942, when the Roma from Bošnjaci were taken on foot to the county railway station, and then by train to Vinkovci. From this town, they were deported by train to Jasenovac. Only two Roma survived – they were soldiers of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, captured by the German military and sent to perform forced labour in German and Italian camps. The number of Romani victims from Bošnjaci still hasn’t been fully researched despite 11known attempts. It is, however, known that nobody declared themselves as Romani in the village of Bošnjaci and the entire surrounding district at the time of the next population census (1948). Almost the entire pre-war Romani community, which numbered at least a few hundred Roma, was destroyed as a consequence of Ustasha racial policy. According to the most recent population census, only seven people in this village declared themselves as Roma.
Roma populations’ low health status and limited access to health services, including primary care, has been documented in many European countries, and warrants specific health policies and practices. ...A variety of experiences shows how primary care can adjust its practices to reduce the barriers to primary care for Roma populations.
At local level, establishing collaboration with Roma organisations helps primary care to improve mutual relations and quality of care. Mediation has proved to be an effective tool. Skills training of primary care practitioners may enhance their individual competences. Research and international sharing of experiences are further tools to improve primary care for the Roma people.
Cilj ovoga rada jest povezivanje socijalne distance s fizičkom, odnosno pokušaj da se odgovori na pitanje ovisi li stupanj (ne)prihvaćanja Roma o njihovoj prostornoj udaljenosti/ blizini. ...Istraživanje je provedeno u Međimurju, regiji gdje su Romi najzastupljenija manjinska zajednica. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da se u uvjetima male fizičke međusobne distance, koja osigurava češći međuetnički kontakt, blizina Roma čak smanjuje stupanj prihvaćanja socijalnih odnosa s njima. Istraživanje je uključilo i mjerenje socijalne distance Roma Bajaša prema određenim drugim etničkim skupinama. Rezultati pokazuju visoki stupanj spremnosti Bajaša na socijalne kontakte s Hrvatima, ali istovremeno i izrazito visoku socijalnu distancu prema svim drugim ponuđenim etničkim skupinama, uključujući Lacatare –pripadnike drugih romskih skupina. Kako u uzorku većinskog stanovništva tako i u uzorku Roma može se zapaziti veća razina spremnosti na prijateljske nego na susjedske odnose. Ta inverzija na Bogardusovoj skali socijalnih odnosa, kada se prostorni javni kontakt prihvaća teže nego intimniji i osobniji kontakt, nesumnjivo čini izglednim održavanje visokog stupnja prostorne segregacije Roma.
ABSTRACT IN PORTUGUESE: O objetivo do artigo é examinar a evolução do mercado da indústria de máquinas e equipamentos no Brasil e em São Paulo, entre 1920 e 1960, tendo como objeto de estudo duas ...empresas importantes para o fortalecimento dessa indústria no país, a Dedini e a Romi. A escolha dessas empresas deve-se à existência de estudos específicos e acervos históricos com documentos econômico-financeiros. Serão destacadas as semelhanças e as diferenças no desempenho dessas duas empresas no contexto da evolução do mercado da indústria de máquinas e equipamentos. Essas surgiram como pequenas oficinas nas primeiras décadas do século XX e evoluíram com o mercado específico em que atuavam, com grandes mudanças nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, e se fortaleceram no setor após a década de 1940. Na década de 1960, eram as principais empresas da indústria em que atuavam. // ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The aim of this paper is to examine the evolution of the market machinery industry in Brazil and Sao Paulo between 1920 and 1960, with the object study of two major companies for consolidation in this industry country, Dedini and Romi. The choice of these companies due to the existence of specific studies and historical collections with economic and financial documents will highlight the similarities and differences in the performance of these two companies in context of market developments machinery industry. Companies emerged as a small workshop in the first decades of the twentieth century, evolved with the specific market where it operated with great changes in the 1920 and 1930 and signed in the sector after the 1940s. In the 1960's were the main companies in the sector in which they operated. Reprinted by permission of the Departamento de Ciências Econômicas da UFMG
Augustus: From Republic to Empire is the product of a conference entitled AUGUSTUS. 23 September 63 BC - 19 August 14 AD - 2000 years of divinity organised on 12 December 2014 by the Institute of ...Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University, the Centre for Comparative Studies of Civilisations at the Jagiellonian University and the National Museum in Krakow. The conference was hosted by the Emeryk Hutten- Czapski Museum - a branch of the National Museum in Krakow - and commemorated the anniversary of Augustus's death. The volume offers readers articles that deal with a variety of topics ranging from architecture, urban issues and painting to fine art represented by glyptics and numismatics. It includes papers devoted to the publication of previously unknown objects, articles presenting iconographic research, deliberations on propaganda, and analyses of the political situation and source texts. Chronologically, some of the papers go beyond the age of August, yet are relevant to the understanding of the transformations that took place in art and architecture during the reign of the first princeps, the widely-understood middle and late periods of the Republic, and the early Empire. The geographic scope of the articles covers the entire territory of the Empire. This diverse topic allows a variety of research themes on the epoch of August to be presented from a broad perspective.
The armed forces of Rome, particularly those of the later Republic and Principate, are rightly regarded as some of the finest military formations ever to engage in warfare. Less well known however is ...their use by the State as tools for such nonmilitary activities in political, economic and social contexts. In this capacity they were central instruments for the Emperor to ensure the smooth running of the Empire. In this book the use of the military for such non-conflict related duties is considered in detail for the first time. The first, and best known, is running the great construction projects of the Empire in their capacity as engineers. Next, the role of the Roman military in the running of industry across the Roman Empire is examined, particularly the mining and quarrying industries but also others. They also took part in agriculture, administered and policed the Empire, provided a firefighting resource and organized games in the arena. The soldiers of Rome really were the foundations on which the Roman Empire was constructed: they literally built an empire. Simon Elliott lifts the lid on this less well-known side to the Roman army, in an accessible narrative designed for a wide readership.
This volume presents the proceedings of the international interdisciplinary founding conference of the division “Documenta Antiqua" at the Institute for the Study of Ancient Culture of the Austrian ...Academy of Sciences (Vienna), held in 2014. The research focus of the new division are the source disciplines of ancient history: mainly epigraphy, numismatics and papyrology. The book contains an introductory essay as well as 17 contributions on various aspects of ancient infrastructure and on the flow of money, goods and services in ancient economies: in the classical and Hellenistic Greek world, the Roman Empire and in ancient Iran, from Neo-Assyrian times to the Parthian and Sasanian periods. In a general perspective, there is a special emphasis on numismatic contributions. So far, numismatics hardly played a part in modern research on the ancient infrastructure, although money and financial services are universally acknowledged to be indispensable elements of the infrastructure of modern societies. Hence, in this volume numismatics is fully integrated into research on the circulation of goods and the infrastructure of the ancient world for the very first time. Among the topics covered in these innovative contributions the following may be singled out: the economic implications of the extensive countermarking of Hellenistic silver coinages in Asia Minor; the importation and monetary use of blocks of foreign and obsolete bronze coins; patterns of coin production and coin distribution in the Roman Empire in the principate; structures of minting in ancient Iran in the Arsacid and Sasanian periods.
This is the second volume in an ambitious series giving the reader a comprehensive narrative of late Roman military history from AD 284-641. Each volume (5 are planned) gives a detailed account of ...the changes in organization, equipment, strategy and tactics among both the Roman forces and her enemies in the relevant period, while also giving a detailed but accessible account of the campaigns and battles. - - This volume covers the tumultuous period from the death of Constantius II in AD 361 to the death of Theodosius. Among the many campaigns covered, it therefore includes the Emperor JulianÆs fatal campaign against the Sassanian Persians and the disastrous defeat and death of Valens at Adrianople in 378. Such calamities illustrate the level of external threat RomeÆs armies faced on many fronts in this difficult period.
Roman slavery and Roman material culture George, Michele
Roman slavery and Roman material culture,
c2013, 20130328, 2013, 2013-03-28, 2013-03-14, Letnik:
52., 52
eBook
The contributors engage with questions concerning the slave trade, manumission, slave education, containment and movement, and the use of slaves in the Roman army.
The XXI International Congress of Roman Frontier studies was hosted by Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums in Newcastle upon Tyne (Great Britain) in 2009, 60 years after the first Limeskongress organised ...in that city by Eric Birley in 1949. Sixty years on, delegates could reflect on how the Congress has grown and changed over six decades and could be heartened at the presence of so many young scholars and a variety of topics and avenues of research into the army and frontiers of the Roman empire that would not have been considered in 1949. Papers are organised into the same thematic sessions as in the actual conference: Women and Families in the Roman Army; Roman Roads; The Roman Frontier in Wales; The Eastern and North African Frontiers; Smaller Structures: towers and fortlets; Recognising Differences in Lifestyles through Material Culture; Barbaricum; Britain; Roman Frontiers in a Globalised World; Civil Settlements; Death and Commemoration; Danubian and Balkan Provinces; Camps; Logistics and Supply; The Germanies and Augustan and Tiberian Germany; Spain; Frontier Fleets. This wide-ranging collection of papers enriches the study of Roman frontiers in all their aspects.
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