During World War II, the Roma population in Croatia was exposed to the repression and assimilation policy of several authorities. Ustasha authorities in the Independent State of Croatia persecuted ...Roma based on racial laws aimed at their genocidal extermination. This paper analyses the position of Roma in some present-day Croatian areas, especially in the Croatian Littoral, which were under Italian (Fascist) rule during the war. Only a few dozen Roma lived in these border areas before the war, who were already subject to the repressive-assimilation policies of the official Italian authorities. This is evidenced by the provisions issued by the aforementioned authorities with the aim of better monitoring the movement of Roma in the Italian–Yugoslav border area. As World War II approached, it was noticeable that the Italian authorities’ relationship with the Roma was intensifying, because they feared, first and foremost, Roma espionage and association with the anti-fascist (communist) resistance movement. The deportation of Roma from the wider Istrian area to internment camps in southern Italy, Sardinia, etc. must be observed in this context. According to other Roma living in the Croatian Littoral, the Italian authorities often sought to control their movements, especially after the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia in April 1941, when attempts were made to reach the Roma in areas under Italian rule. This paper studies the attitude of Croatian anti-fascists towards the Roma. Some tension (conflicts) can be seen in the perception of the indigenous population towards the Roma, in this case in the Omišalj area on the island of Krk. The Roma population managed to survive the war in the Croatian Littoral area, though a considerable number of them died.
The emperor Nero is etched into the Western imagination as one of ancient Rome’s most infamous villains, and Tacitus’ Annals have played a central role in shaping the mainstream historiographical ...understanding of this flamboyant autocrat. This section of the text plunges us straight into the moral cesspool that Rome had apparently become in the later years of Nero’s reign, chronicling the emperor’s fledgling stage career including his plans for a grand tour of Greece; his participation in a city-wide orgy climaxing in his publicly consummated ‘marriage’ to his toy boy Pythagoras; the great fire of AD 64, during which large parts of central Rome went up in flames; and the rising of Nero’s ‘grotesque’ new palace, the so-called ‘Golden House’, from the ashes of the city. This building project stoked the rumours that the emperor himself was behind the conflagration, and Tacitus goes on to present us with Nero’s gruesome efforts to quell these mutterings by scapegoating and executing members of an unpopular new cult then starting to spread through the Roman empire: Christianity. All this contrasts starkly with four chapters focusing on one of Nero’s most principled opponents, the Stoic senator Thrasea Paetus, an audacious figure of moral fibre, who courageously refuses to bend to the forces of imperial corruption and hypocrisy. This course book offers a portion of the original Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and a commentary. Designed to stretch and stimulate readers, Owen’s and Gildenhard’s incisive commentary will be of particular interest to students of Latin at both A2 and undergraduate level. It extends beyond detailed linguistic analysis and historical background to encourage critical engagement with Tacitus’ prose and discussion of the most recent scholarly thought.
Beyond the Romans Selsvold, Irene; Webb, Lewis
2020, 20200409, 2020-04-09, Letnik:
3
eBook
This latest volume in the TRAC Themes in Theoretical Roman Archaeology series takes up posthuman theoretical perspectives to interpret Roman material culture. These perspectives provide novel and ...compelling ways of grappling with theoretical problems in Roman archaeology producing new knowledge and questions about the complex relationships and interactions between humans and non-humans in Roman culture and society. Posthumanism constitutes a multitude of theoretical positions characterised by common critiques of anthropocentrism and human exceptionalism. In part, they react to the dominance of the linguistic turn in humanistic sciences. These positions do not exclude “the human", but instead stress the mutual relationship between matter and discourse. Moreover, they consider the agency of “non-humans", e.g., animals, material culture, landscapes, climate, and ideas, their entanglement with humans, and the situated nature of research. Posthumanism has had substantial impacts in several fields (including critical studies, archaeology, feminist studies, even politics) but have not yet emerged in any fulsome way in Classical Studies and Classical Archaeology. This is the first volume on these themes in Roman Archaeology, aimed at providing valuable perspectives into Roman myth, art and material culture, displacing and complicating notions of human exceptionalism and individualist subjectivity. Contributions consider non-human agencies, particularly animal, material, environmental, and divine agencies, critiques of binary oppositions and gender roles, and the Anthropocene. Ultimately, the papers stress that humans and non-humans are entangled and imbricated in larger systems: we are all post-human.
The Roma population has been living in Croatian territories for more than six centuries and during that period was mostly persecuted by state and local authorities who sought to assimilate them. Such ...antigypsyism political practice was not unique only for the Croatian territory but was practiced in most other European countries. After World War II there was no commemoration and recognition of Roma victims in most European countries, including socialist Croatia (Yugoslavia). Such marginalization of the culture of remembrance of Roma war victims was reflected in the lack of education on this subject in the Croatian education system, where it is mostly mentioned in only a few words. The paper focuses on the analysis of how the issue of Roma suffering in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Europe is (un)integrated into the Croatian education system.
In this paper we explain using a real example of a fast consumer good the construction of a Marketing Mix model for calculating the return on marketing investment (ROMI) as a metric of profitability ...and the calculation of economic value added of marketing (EVAM) as a metric of shareholders value creation. We propose a novel approach for estimating the coefficient λ of the Adstock model using impulse response functions. We measure the return of short-term advertising and its combination with long-term using as a variable brand awareness measured with a tracking throughout the entire period analyzed. The result of the analysis indicates that short-term advertising has a negative return which happens to be very positive when we consider the combined effect with brand awareness.//En el presente artículo explicamos mediante un ejemplo real de un product de gran consumo la construcción de un model de Marketing Mix para el cálculo del return on marketing investment (ROMI) como metric de rentabilidad y el cálculo del valor económico añadido del marketing (EVAM) como metric de creación de valor para los shareholders. Proponemos un método novedoso para la estimación del coefficient del model de Adstock mediante impulse response functions. Medimos la rentabilidad de la advertising a corto plazo y el effect conjunto de la advertising a corto y a largo plazo utilizando para ello la variable brand awareness medida a través de un tracking de marca a lo largo de todo el periodo analizado. El resultado del análisis indica que la advertising a corto plazo tiene un retorno negativo que pasa a ser muy positivo cuando tenemos en cuenta su effect combinado con la brand awareness.
Rad je usmjeren na razumijevanje pojave dječjih brakova kao prakse koja grubo krši ljudska i dječja prava djevojčica i dječaka, ugrožava njihovu dobrobit i sprječava ih u ostvarivanju njihovih punih ...potencijala. U uvodnom dijelu analiziraju se uzroci i posljedice dječjih brakova te se iznose dostupni podaci o raširenosti ove pojave u regiji. Slijedom dostupnih istraživanja na području Europe koja ukazuju na povećanu zastupljenost pojave u romskoj zajednici, a uzimajući u obzir nedostatak domaćih istraživanja i literature o ovoj temi, u radu su predstavljeni rezultati provedenog kvalitativnog istraživanja čiji je opći cilj bio dobiti uvid u osobno iskustvo odraslih žena Romkinja povezano s njihovim stupanjem u bračnu zajednicu prije navršene osamnaeste godine života. Podaci su prikupljani metodom polustrukturiranog intervjua te analizirani postupkom analize okvira (eng. framework analysis). Rezultati istraživanja poklapaju se s dostupnim znanjima u ovom području, ali i dodatno artikuliraju isprepletenost različitih čimbenika od razine samih djevojaka i roditelja do razine normi u romskoj zajednici. Slijedom toga, raspravlja se i o javno političkom okviru, a predložene su aktivnosti usmjerene na prevenciju prakse dječjih brakova u sustavu obrazovanja te aktivnosti u zajednici i sa zajednicom usmjerenih na pružanje podrške mladima, ali i na mijenjanje normi koje podržavaju ovu praksu.
This is a study of the emergence, development, and florescence of a distinctly 'late Republican' socio-textual culture as recorded in the writings of this period's two most influential authors, ...Catullus and Cicero. It reveals a multi-faceted textual - rather than more traditionally defined 'literary' - world that both defines the intellectual life of the late Republic, and lays the foundations for those authors of the Principate and Empire who identified this period as their literary source and inspiration. By first questioning, and then rejecting, the traditional polarisation of Catullus and Cicero, and by broadening the scope of late Republican socio-literary studies to include intersections of language, social practice, and textual materiality, this book presents a fresh picture of both the socio-textual world of the late Republic and the primary authors through whom this world would gain renown.
The aim of this paper is to examine the evolution of the market machinery industry in Brazil and Sao Paulo between 1920 and 1960, with the object study of two major companies for consolidation in ...this industry country, Dedini and Romi. The choice of these companies due to the existence of specific studies and historical collections with economic and financial documents. Will highlight the similarities and differences in the performance of these two companies in context of market developments machinery industry. Companies emerged as a small workshop in the first decades of the twentieth century, evolved with the specific market where it operated with great changes in the 1920 and 1930 and signed in the sector after a decade 1940. In the 1960's were the main companies in the sector in which they operated.
Romsko stanovništvo danas čini jednu od najstarijih manjinskih skupina u Hrvatskoj, a njihovo naseljavanje na ovom području bilježi se od druge polovine XIV. st. Odnos hrvatskih vlasti prema njima ...često je bio obilježen represivno-asimilacijskom politikom, koju danas neki znanstvenici smatraju dijelom šire europske anticiganističke politike. Stradanje Roma u Drugom svjetskom ratu u Europi, uključujući Nezavisnu Državu Hrvatsku, može se smatrati vrhuncem takve anticiganističke politike. U radu se posebno analizira stradanja Roma na širem bjelovarsko-bilogorskom području, tj. području Velike župe Bilogora. Tako su analizirana pitanja odnosa lokalnih (ustaških) vlasti prema Romima, ali i drugim pitanjima, poput deportacije Roma u jasenovački koncentracijski logor, oduzimanje njihove imovine, primjer otpora Roma (sudjelovanje u Narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi) i razmjeri njihova stradanja. U istraživanju se većinom koriste spisi Državnog arhiva u Bjelovaru i Hrvatskog državnog arhiva, lokalna periodika i relevantna literatura.
Over 16,000 people belong to the Roma national minority in the Republic of Croatia. Given the fact that they do not have their own standardized language and orthography, Roma children attend regular ...schools and regular curriculum in the Croatian language. This also implies the acquisition of reading and writing prerequisites prior to enrolment into first grade. The aim of this paper is to examine the level of acquisition of reading and writing prerequisites in Roma children and to determine whether Roma children (N = 56, 62.5% of boys, M = 6 years, 8 months, SD = 0.46) differ from children whose first language is Croatian (N = 55, 50.9% of boys; M = 6 years, 8 months, SD = 0.4) in the development of individual components of reading and writing prerequisites. Testing was performed through selected tasks from the Test for the assessment of reading and writing prerequisites (PredČip test, Kuvač Kraljević & Lenček, 2012). The results were as expected and indicate that Roma children deviate from regular achievement on most of the examined variables. In comparison to the control group of participants, Roma children demonstrated significantly lower results on almost all tested variables, apart from syllable and phonemic blending. The obtained results are an indicator of insufficient acquisition of certain components of reading and writing prerequisites in the Croatian language and insufficiently developed visual-perceptual abilities. Considering that reading and writing prerequisites are the important precondition for fluent reading and writing, it is clear that Roma children are not prepared for school education and that they demonstrate difficulties in keeping up with their peers at the beginning of formal school education. This implies the need for a systematic change of the preschool and school system with regards to this especially vulnerable group of children.
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