The ‘Great Trudge’ of 1933-1934 allowed Patrick Leigh Fermor to discover Rumania, which would later be evoked in Between the Woods and the Water (1986) and The Broken Road (2013). It was in Bucharest ...that the young Englishman made the life-changing discovery of a Francophile and aristocratic milieu which was also frequented by an established writer and diplomat, Paul Morand (1888-1976), himself married to a former Rumanian princess. Despite such an overlap of life and work, these major figures of travel writing have, until now, escaped comparison. Drawing upon published sources, but also the authors’ private papers, we will therefore explore these visitors’ representations of Rumania and the evolution of their long and passionate relationship with that country. Striking similarities apart, the biggest difference between these two travellers is, we argue, the time and purpose of their writing.
El presente artículo se propone analizar un corpus de textos prosísticos (novela, fundamentalmente, pero también relato, diario y ensayo) de la literatura rumana de las últimas décadas que evidencian ...algunos de los cambios sociales, económicos y políticos más importantes por los que ha atravesado Rumanía desde la Revolución de diciembre de 1989. El objetivo, por tanto, es ver de qué manera la historia reciente —o, al menos, una parte de ella— se refleja literariamente; de qué manera los escritores plasman o recrean el presente y el pasado más próximo del país: desde la confesión o testimonio hasta la deformación paródica, pasando por el realismo.
El conocimiento de la historia ayuda a entender el presente y a predecir el futuro. Al aplicar esta afirmación a la profesión contable, nuestro propósito es contribuir al conocimiento de la historia ...de la profesión contable en Rumania, a través de una investigación documental e historiográfica.
Existe muy poca documentación en Rumania en relación con los momentos clave de la historia de la profesión contable en Rumania tanto en el contexto socio-económico como político de nuestro país.
Este artículo presenta algunos hechos significativos en la historia en la historia de la profesión contable en Rumania. Se identifican cuatro períodos desde 1850: 1850-1900, período que se caracteriza por la adopción de las mejores prácticas contables europeas; 1900-1950, período en el que la profesión contable se involucró realmente en la vida económica, interesándose por el desarrollo de actividades académicas por parte de sus miembros; 1950-1990 es un período marcado por la “adopción” del modelo contable soviético, período en el cual el espíritu y la profesión contables quedaron destruidos; en el último período, desde 1990 hasta nuestro días, Rumania comenzó a mejorar la convergencia de su sistema contable, aplicando en una primera etapa el modelo francés, para continuar luego en nuestros días con su aproximación a los IFRS. El papel jugado por la profesión contable en las últimas décadas es crucial, debido a su motivación y los deseos de implantar “el mejor” sistema contable, así como su actividad diaria, desarrollada en provecho de sus miembros.
In this article we explore the twisted consequences of the worldwide turn toward prohibitive policies and criminalization in conservation. We argue that tackling environmental challenges with legal ...repertoires that are coercive and punitive in nature increases criminalization and produces insidious and overt forms of violence. Tough-on-crime measures aimed at curbing illegal logging advance social vulnerabilities, further marginalizing already disenfranchised rural populations. Also, such measures trigger the formation of a culture of patronage, secrecy, fear, and anger, which facilitates the rise of forest violence. Transformations of forest use under increasingly harsh regimes of conservation have been documented worldwide, but these processes in Eastern Europe have received far less scholarly attention. Here we explore forest criminalization in Romania after it became a member state of the European Union, looking at different groups of alleged wrongdoers: petty community users, local forestry businessmen, and forestry officers. Drawing on interviews with forestry and conservation actors, media analysis, and ethnographic research of communities for which illegal logging was an everyday reality, we show how criminalization escalated into insidious forms of violence and the deepening of rural vulnerabilities.
Based on the idea that there is a considerable difference between reality and discourse, the author points out that history is constantly reconstructed, adapted and sometimes mythicized from the ...perspectives of the present day, present states of mind and ideologies. He closely examines historical culture and conscience in nineteenth and twentieth century Romania, particularly concentrating on the impact of the national ideology on history. Boia's innovative analysis identifies several key mythical configurations and shows how Romanians have reconstituted their own highly ideologized history over the last two centuries. The strength of History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness lies in the author's ability to fully deconstruct the entire Romanian historiographic system and demonstrate the increasing acuteness of national problems in general, and in particular the exploitation of history to support national ideology.
This article analyses the inte- llectual and literary activity carried out by poets Juan Octavio Prenz and Omar Lara as promoters both of Latin American literature in Central Europe -especially in ...Romania and Yugoslavia- and of these countries’ literatures in Latin America. The timespan covered goes from 1977 -when Prenz and Lara first met- to more recent times. More specifically, the article focuses on the works published with KOV, Vršac’s publishing house, on the different stages of the journal Trilce -directed by Omar Lara- and the establishment of LAR (Reunited American Literature) publishing house.
El presente trabajo analiza la actividad que desarrollaron los intelectuales y poetas Juan Octavio Prenz y Omar Lara como promotores de la literatura latino- americana en Europa central, con particular atención a Rumania y Yugoslavia, y la difusión de la literatura de estos países en América Latina. Los años tomados en consideración son a partir del 1977, año en que ambos intelectuales se conocen, y hasta tiempos más recientes. En particular, nos centramos en las publicaciones realizadas en la editorial KOV de Vršac, en as rias etapas que tuvo la revista Trilce, dirigida por Omar Lara, y en el surgimiento de la casa editorial LAR, Literatura Americana Reunida.
The critical study of toponymy has paid considerable attention to the renaming of urban places following revolutionary political change. Such renaming is intended to institutionalize a new political ...agenda through shaping the meanings in everyday practices and landscapes. Renaming, however, might not always be successful, and this article examines this issue with reference to a market in Bucharest, Romania. Originally named Piaţa Moghioroş during the socialist era to commemorate a leading Communist Party activist, the market was renamed in the postsocialist period. Yet, more than two decades on, the original name remains in widespread everyday use. Using a mixed-method approach, we seek to advance the critical toponymies literature by exploring the persistence of the socialist-era name within everyday practice. Although many authors have highlighted the issue of popular resistance to an unpopular renaming, we find little evidence of conscious resistance, and instead we explore the importance of habit within everyday practices as an explanation, drawing on an understanding of habit derived from sociocognitive psychology. This perspective proposes that habits are stable and hard to break if the broader context in which they are situated is stable. We suggest that this explanation, rather than popular contestation, has more to offer in understanding the persistence of the toponym Piaţa Moghioroş. We thus highlight the importance of considering how the "users" of place names react to the changes of such names and create their own meanings in relation to them in ways unintended by elites.
El artículo compara el impacto de los Acuerdos firmados por la Unión Europea (UE) con los antiguos países socialistas del Este en 1999 y con Cuba en 2016 para garantizar una relación institucional y ...con las sociedades de estos países. Con el objetivo de analizar si el Nuevo Modelo Diplomático (NMD) de la UE puede ser más efectivo que las condicionalidades implementadas en la política exterior de la UE antes de la entrada del Tratado de Lisboa con los países que realicen la transición o cambios desde el sistema socialista a un sistema democrático liberal; o con los Estados cuyos regímenes políticos y sus sistemas económicos no son homologables a las democracias liberales en el siglo XXI. Nos preguntamos si el NMD UE-Cuba puede ser utilizado en el caso de Bielorrusia, Birmania, Rusia, Vietnam, la India, Mongolia o Afganistán para acompañar a las sociedades civiles en estos procesos.
This paper is a point of departure for the analysis ofthe migratory flows which concern the youngest emigrants, who have in common with other migrants that they are of age and that they have made ...their own decision to emigrate and their own migratory project, characteristics which differentiate them from other groups which might seem similar, like the «second generation» orthe non-accompanied minors.The paper is divided in three sections, the aim being to systematize the information collected in interviews with young people between 14 and 25 years during a work camp in Romania.Firstly, we try to define and establish the concept of youth and the necessity to consider the heterogeneity of this concept as an epistemological constant. Secondly, we tackle the experiences of the young interviewees, and in some cases, of their closest relatives.Finally, we will analyze the arguments used by these young people to pestify their choice concerning their migratory project as well as their choice of destination.
Concerns over deforestation are growing along with the climate crisis. This is particularly unsettling in relation to the rise of populist authoritarian regimes. In this article I reveal the ...connections between forests, neoliberalism, authoritarianism, and cronyism, through an in-depth ethnographic study of the Romanian Carpathian forests after the fall of socialism in 1989. The study examines the intricate entanglements between forest extraction, party politics, and informal territorial governance that emerged over the last thirty years. It argues that unruly coalitions shaped forest history. It focuses on the central figure of the timber baron, who ran businesses in connection with state office politics and maintained provincial authoritarian control over resources by tapping into paternalist dependencies of rural mountain dwellers. The article uses the analytic tools of political ecology and the conceptual framework developed by studies on resource frontiers and political forests combined with the anthropology of postsocialism. I draw on field research from 2004 to 2016, in which I collected data through systematic fieldwork, interviews, and surveys, complemented with official reports and media coverage. The article uses a narrative ethnographic writing approach.
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