Este documento propone y desarrolla un procedimiento organizado para realizar el modelado de la norma ISA S88, partes 1 y 2, en la ejecución de órdenes de producción basadas en récipes, aplicado a un ...caso de estudio. Dicho procedimiento proporciona pautas para editar los modelos físico y de control procedimental en las herramientas del software industrial, de manera que dicha edición se haga de una forma adecuada, precisa y organizada. Además, se incluyen pasos que permiten construir diagramas de tuberías e instrumentación (P&ID), de tal forma que tanto los modelos de proceso, físico y de control procedimental, establecidos en ISA S88, así como el diagrama P&ID sean diseñados con la misma información y sean coherentes entre sí.
Magnetic flux continually emerges from the Sun, rising through the solar interior, emerging at the photosphere in the form of sunspots and expanding into the atmosphere. Observations of sunspot ...rotations have been reported for over a century and are often accompanied by solar eruptions and flaring activity. In this thesis, we present 3D numerical simulations of the emergence of twisted flux tubes from the uppermost layers of the solar interior, examining the rotational movements of sunspots in the photospheric plane. The basic experiment introduces the mechanism and characteristics of sunspot rotation by a clear calculation of rotation angle, vorticity, magnetic helicity and energy, whereby we find an untwisting of the interior portion of the field, accompanied by an injection of twist into the atmospheric field. We extend this model by altering the initial field strength and twist of the sub-photospheric tube. This comparison reveals the rotation angle, helicity and current show a direct dependence on field strength. An increase in field strength increases the rotation angle, the length of fieldlines extending into the atmosphere, and the magnetic energy transported to the atmosphere. The fieldline length is crucial as we predict the twist per unit length equilibrates to a lower value on longer fieldlines, and hence possesses a larger rotation angle. No such direct dependence is found when varying the twist but there is a clear ordering in rotation angle, helicity, and energy, with more highly twisted tubes undergoing larger rotation angles. We believe the final angle of rotation is reached when the system achieves a constant degree of twist along the length of fieldlines. By extrapolating the size of the modelled active region, we find rotation angles and rates comparable with those observed. In addition, we explore sunspot rotation caused by sub-photospheric velocities twisting the footpoints of flux tubes.
Este documento propone y desarrolla un procedimiento organizado para realizar el modelado de la norma ISA S88, partes 1 y 2, en la ejecución de órdenes de producción basadas en récipes, aplicado a un ...caso de estudio. Dicho procedimiento proporciona pautas para editar los modelos físico y de control procedimental en las herramientas del software industrial, de manera que dicha edición se haga de una forma adecuada, precisa y organizada. Además, se incluyen pasos que permiten construir diagramas de tuberías e instrumentación (P&ID), de tal forma que tanto los modelos de proceso, físico y de control procedimental, establecidos en ISA S88, así como el diagrama P&ID sean diseñados con la misma información y sean coherentes entre sí.
This paper proposes an intelligent component based approach for batch control based on ANSI/ISA S88 standard. Common intelligent software components have been built and reused for different ...application. The components are managed in a control recipe that describes their execution schedule. Furthermore, IEC 61499 standard is adopted as an application framework in which the functional components are implemented as IEC 61499 based function blocks (FB). The operation schedule of the controlled components is then implemented according IEC 61499, based on scheduler-selector-synchronizer (S 3 ) architecture and SIPN models describing the sequence of control execution. An example of the proposed approach based on the real plant for distillation of sulphate turpentine located in Velingrad, Bulgaria is presented and discussed.
Most large information and communication technology (ICT) systems develop in a piecemeal fashion. Their complexity and evolution is difficult to manage. They lack flexibility. This contrasts sharply ...with system design in the batch-wise processing industry, where flexibility has always had a high priority. In this industry, the S88 standard plays an important flexibility-enhancing role.
This paper compares the two fields of technology and explores which standards' characteristics increase system flexibility. It examines whether flexibility objectives in both fields differ and what constitutes a ‘flexible standard’.
Four standards' characteristics turn out to be important: degree of specificity, level of abstraction, system level, and degree of simplicity. These characteristics seem to be necessary for flexible systems, but whether they are sufficient cannot yet be said.
ISA S88.01 1 ISA (ANSI/S88.01.1995), Standard batch control; part 1: models and terminology, Instrument Society of America, 1995 is a standard that provides a methodology for the dissemination of a ...batch into standard models and provides the terminology for defining the control requirements of batch plants. The nature of S88 is such that it is not only applicable to the development of computer control systems for a batch plant, but also could be utilised within batch management software, i.e. scheduling. This paper presents a method of interpreting multi-purpose/product batch plant into S88 constructs to provide an object oriented framework for the research and development of a batch scheduling Matlab toolbox. Such a framework provides a thorough and efficient method of articulating the model to effectively apply automatic scheduling/optimisation methods.
The Process Data Exchange Institute (pdXi) has developed an information model for process engineering data. The pdXi information model is designed to facilitate the storage and exchange of ...stead-state process engineering data. Batch and real-time operating data can be stored and exchanged using the pdXi model as snapshots (data that characterizes the process at a specific point in time). Snapshots are an inefficient method for storing and exchanging batch and real-time data. Also, snapshots do not contain data that describe the processes that occur betweeen snapshots. Sharma and Book modified the basic structure of the pdXi information model to make it efficient for storing and exchanging batch, real-time and steady-state process data and to include descriptions of the processes that occur. Large portions of the pdXi model that capture data describing chemical process equipment, process simulators, and process materials fit into the modified structure. The International Society for Measurement and Control (ISA) is developing an information model for batch scheduling and control ISA 1995 S88.01.
Batch control part 1: models and terminology. ISA.. The current draft of the ISA model is not harmonized (designed to fit together) with the pdXi model (original or modified). The ISA model captures data that describe process equipment and materials and product recipes in a way that is not computer-interpretable. The data must be human-interpreted or a format must be defined for these data so that they can be parsed. The modified pdXi information model has been further extended to include planning and scheduling data. The model captures planning and scheduling data as well as the progress equipment and materials data in a computer-interpretable form. the model has been tested using representative scheduling problems from the chemical process industry.
Model-based approach to the development of SCADA applications Atlagic, Branislav; Sagi, Mihaly; Milinkov, Dejan ...
2012 IEEE 19th International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems,
2012-April
Conference Proceeding
This paper presents a methodology for the development of SCADA applications, derived from the SCADA model of a specific industrial plant. It supports all stages in development process, from design of ...field installation to the specification, coding and verification of complex control application in simulated environment. It is implemented in the extent of a general purpose SCADA/DCS solution, and partially based on international standards ISAS88 and IEC 61131-3.
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