There is a growing interest in the application of item response theory (IRT) models to emotional intelligence (EI) as a means of instrument development. The goal of this study was to create a short ...form of the Situational Test of Emotional Understanding (STEU) based on analysis from a 3-PL IRT model. Analysis of 42 STEU item responses from 822 participants resulted in a 19-item form with a reliability index of .70 and a Cronbach’s alpha of .63. It is suggested that this short form of emotion understanding might prove to be a useful research tool when testing time is limited and EI is not the major focus of the study.
Emotional intelligence (EI) is argued to predispose individuals to better apprehend and accomplish stressful tasks. Research produced to date has nevertheless mostly neglected the processes that ...render EI situationally advantageous. In this study, we used path analysis to explore how ability and trait EI relate to delivering a presentation under stress by distinguishing subjective and objective performance. We also proposed self-efficacy as a potential mediator of the trait EI-performance relationship. One hundred and twenty university students completed the STEU, STEM, and GERT (for ability EI) and the TEIQue (for trait EI); then they performed an oral presentation task in front of two evaluators. Students’ self-ratings and evaluators’ scores composed subjective and objective performance. Results indicated that: (a) self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between trait EI and both subjective and objective performance; (b) ability EI, in particular emotion understanding (STEU), directly predicted objective performance. These findings highlight one way in which the two leading EI approaches may both contribute to performance under stress, but through distinctive paths.
Recent research on emotion recognition ability (ERA) suggests that the capacity to process emotional information may differ for disparate emotions. However, little research has examined whether this ...findings holds for emotional understanding and emotion management, as well as emotion recognition. Moreover, little research has examined whether the abilities to recognize emotions, understand emotions, and manage emotions form a distinct emotional intelligence (EI) construct that is independent from traditional cognitive ability factors. The current study addressed these issues. Participants (N=118) completed two ERA measures, two situational judgment tests assessing emotional understanding and emotion management, and three cognitive ability tests. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of both the understanding and management item parcels showed that a three-factor model relating to fear, sadness, and anger content was a better fit than a one-factor model, supporting an emotion-specific view of EI. In addition, an EI factor composed of emotion recognition, emotional understanding, and emotion management was distinct from a cognitive ability factor composed of a matrices task, general knowledge test, and reading comprehension task. Results are discussed in terms of their potential implications for theory and practice, as well as the integration of EI research with known models of cognitive ability. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Les eaux traitées rejetées par les stations de traitement des eaux usées (STEU) et les effluents d’élevages sont à l’origine de contaminations des milieux aquatiques et des sols agricoles par des ...micro-organismes fécaux d’origines humaine et animale. Les eaux contaminées, et en particulier les eaux de baignade, peuvent présenter un risque sanitaire pour les humains si les concentrations en micro-organismes fécaux sont élevées, indiquant la présence potentielle de souches pathogènes et/ou résistantes aux antibiotiques. Les sols et les productions végétales peuvent également être contaminés par ces micro-organismes fécaux lors de l’épandage d’eaux traitées de STEU recyclées pour l’irrigation des cultures. Il est donc obligatoire de contrôler la qualité microbiologique des eaux de baignade et des eaux traitées de STEU pour limiter les risques sanitaires.D’un point de vue réglementaire, les contrôles de la qualité microbiologique des eaux traitées et des eaux de baignade sont basés sur la quantification de deux indicateurs bactériens de contamination fécale que sont les Escherichia coli (E. coli) et les entérocoques intestinaux (EI). Cependant, les méthodes disponibles actuellement présentent un voire plusieurs des inconvénients suivants : temps de réponse élevé, coût important, complexité de mise en œuvre, utilisation ex-situ, analyse d’un seul indicateur.Pour pallier ces inconvénients, le premier objectif de la thèse a été la mise au point d’une méthode de détection ampérométrique des E. coli et des EI, via la mesure d’activités enzymatiques spécifiques à l’aide de capteurs sérigraphiés à usage unique. Le travail réalisé a mis en évidence que la méthode ampérométrique permet d’obtenir des dénombrements en E. coli et en EI comparables à ceux obtenus avec les méthodes normalisées ISO 9308-3 et 7899-1 lors de l’analyse d’échantillons d’eaux traitées de STEU tout en offrant un temps d’analyse beaucoup plus court (en 4 à 6 h contre 36 à 72 h). De plus, l’application de la méthode à l’analyse d’échantillons d’eaux de baignade a permis de montrer que, contrairement aux 36 h minimum nécessaires avec les méthodes normalisées, la détection ampérométrique permet de déterminer en seulement 7 h si les échantillons respectent les normes de qualité sanitaires pour les eaux de baignade.Dans un second temps, une méthode de quantification ampérométrique des souches d’E. coli producteurs de β-lactamase à spectre étendu (BLSE) a été mise au point et appliquée à l’analyse d’échantillons d’eaux de STEU. Les résultats ont montré que les dénombrements ampérométriques obtenus en seulement 4 - 5 h étaient très proches de ceux fournis par une méthode de dénombrement sur milieux de culture sélectifs après un délai de 24 h. De plus, ce travail a permis de confirmer le rejet de souches productrices de BLSE par la majorité des STEU et ce, qu’elles reçoivent ou non des effluents hospitaliers.En conclusion, la méthode de détection ampérométrique des E. coli et des EI proposée autorise une détermination plus rapide de la qualité sanitaire des eaux traitées de STEU et des eaux de baignade que les méthodes normalisées qui servent actuellement de références. De plus, la détection et le dénombrement de souches d’E. coli producteurs de BLSE dans les eaux de STEU permet d’évaluer leur impact dans la dissémination environnementale de souches résistantes aux antibiotiques. L’avenir des outils électrochimiques étant prometteur, la poursuite de ce travail consistera à développer un dispositif d’analyse portable pour des applications sur le terrain.
Treated wastewaters discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and livestock effluents are the main sources of contamination of aquatic environments and of agricultural soils by human and animal fecal micro-organisms. Contaminated waters, especially bathing waters, may present a sanitary risk for humans if the concentrations of fecal micro-organisms are high, thus indicating the potential presence of pathogenic and/or antibiotic resistant strains. Soils and crops also can be contaminated by these micro-organisms when treated wastewaters are used to irrigate cultivated soils. Consequently, microbiological quality controls are mandatory for bathing waters and treated wastewaters to manage and limit sanitary risks.According to the regulation, the microbiological controls of treated wastewaters and bathing waters rely on the quantification of two fecal indicator bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) and intestinal enterococci (IE). However, the methods currently available have one or more of the following disadvantages, i. e. long response time, high cost, complexity of implementation, ex-situ use, analysis of a single indicator.To overcome these disadvantages, the first objective of the thesis was the development of an amperometric method for the detection of E. coli and IE, via the measurement of specific enzymatic activities using single-use screen-printed sensors. It was demonstrated that the amperometric method allowed to enumerate E. coli and IE in treated wastewaters samples and that the results were comparable to those obtained with the ISO 9308-3 and 7899-1 standardized methods, while offering a much shorter analysis time (in 4 to 6 h against 36 to 72 h). Moreover, the application of the amperometric method to the analysis of bathing water samples showed that contrary to the minimum 36 hours required with standardized methods, the amperometric detection provided answers regarding the sanitary quality standards for bathing waters within only 7 hours.Then in a second time, we developed an amperometric method to quantify extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli in wastewaters samples. The results showed that amperometric counting obtained in only 4 - 5 h were very close to those provided by the enumeration on selective culture medium obtained after a delay of 24 h. In addition, this work confirmed the release of ESBL-producing strains by most of WWTP, whether or not they received hospital effluents.In conclusion, the proposed amperometric method to detect E. coli and IE provided more rapidly results regarding the sanitary quality of treated wastewaters of WWTP and bathing waters than the standardized methods currently used as references. Moreover, the amperometric detection and enumeration of ESBL-producing E. coli in the wastewaters of WWTP allowed to monitor their role in the environmental dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains. Owing to the advantages of the developed electrochemical tools, further work will consist in developing a portable analysis device for field applications.
Recent research on emotion recognition ability (ERA) suggests that the capacity to process emotional information may differ for disparate emotions. However, little research has examined whether this ...findings holds for emotional understanding and emotion management, as well as emotion recognition. Moreover, little research has examined whether the abilities to recognize emotions, understand emotions, and manage emotions form a distinct emotional intelligence (EI) construct that is independent from traditional cognitive ability factors. The current study addressed these issues. Participants (N=118) completed two ERA measures, two situational judgment tests assessing emotional understanding and emotion management, and three cognitive ability tests. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of both the understanding and management item parcels showed that a three-factor model relating to fear, sadness, and anger content was a better fit than a one-factor model, supporting an emotion-specific view of EI. In addition, an EI factor composed of emotion recognition, emotional understanding, and emotion management was distinct from a cognitive ability factor composed of a matrices task, general knowledge test, and reading comprehension task. Results are discussed in terms of their potential implications for theory and practice, as well as the integration of EI research with known models of cognitive ability.
Recent research on emotion recognition ability (ERA) suggests that the capacity to process emotional information may differ for disparate emotions. However, little research has examined whether this ...findings holds for emotional understanding and emotion management, as well as emotion recognition. Moreover, little research has examined whether the abilities to recognize emotions, understand emotions, and manage emotions form a distinct emotional intelligence (EI) construct that is independent from traditional cognitive ability factors. The current study addressed these issues. Participants (N=118) completed two ERA measures, two situational judgment tests assessing emotional understanding and emotion management, and three cognitive ability tests. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of both the understanding and management item parcels showed that a three-factor model relating to fear, sadness, and anger content was a better fit than a one-factor model, supporting an emotion-specific view of EI. In addition, an EI factor composed of emotion recognition, emotional understanding, and emotion management was distinct from a cognitive ability factor composed of a matrices task, general knowledge test, and reading comprehension task. Results are discussed in terms of their potential implications for theory and practice, as well as the integration of EI research with known models of cognitive ability.
Kunststoffeinband imitiert Krokodilleder; auf Vorderdeckel die Aufschrift "Poesie" in goldener Farbe; Kanten der Seiten bläulich gefärbt; dickeres Vorsatzpapier mit Linienmuster; Seiten sind ...unliniert und größtenteils noch unbeschrieben; die letzten Seiten sind mit Bleistift bemalt
Poesiesprüche in Kurrent
In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird die Grenze zwischen der nationalen Autonomie auf dem Gebiet des Steuerrechts und dem Verbot staatlicher Beihilfen innerhalb des EU-Binnenmarkts untersucht. ...Unumstritten ist in der Rechtsprechung und im Schrifttum, dass sich das unionsrechtliche Beihilfeverbot auf das nationale Steuerrecht auswirkt. Allerdings ist es bis heute nicht gelungen, die richtige Grenze zwischen der Beihilfenkontrolle im Steuerrecht einerseits und der Tatsache eines notwendigen Gestaltungsspielraums des Gesetzgebers im nicht unionsrechtlich harmonisierten Steuerrecht andererseits herauszuarbeiten. Der Autor untersucht die einzelnen Tatbestandsmerkmale des Beihilfeverbots in Art. 107 AEUV im Hinblick auf die Besonderheiten des nationalen Steuerrechts. Dabei wird die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs kritisch hinterfragt und ein eigener Prüfungsmaßstab entwickelt.
Financing Africa’s development requires ingenuity, discipline, and an understanding of fiscal systems – the entirety of government revenues and expenditures, including taxation and debt. This book ...makes fascinating what might seem at first glance complex. It describes diverse approaches that have been adjusted to local circumstances across the continent and reflects on the push to unite and harmonise toward African union. Africa is rich, yet resources are lost through loopholes in fiscal systems. Financial resources come from the people, are not unlimited, and do not come easily or without cost. Africans must therefore cherish these resources and use them in nation-building and national and regional development. Efficient, effective, transparent and accountable fiscal systems that are fair and just will go a long way toward financing Africa’s development. Using examples from all of Africa’s 54 countries, the book makes fiscal matters real and understandable for people, no matter their field. It demonstrates the importance of fiscal law and policy for development and the impact it has on individuals, communities, nations, regional groupings, and the continent.
Verschiedene politische Parteien fordern, die Abgeltungsteuer abzuschaffen - selbst Bundesfinanzminister Schäuble scheint dies zu erwägen. Ursprünglich sollte sie dazu dienen, Steuerflucht weniger ...attraktiv zu machen. Nachdem aber die OECD-Länder Informationen über Kapitaleinkünfte automatisch austauschen werden, fällt diese Begründung weg. Tatsächlich wurde bei ihrer Einführung 2009 das Prinzip einer einheitlichen Besteuerung aller Einkommensarten aufgegeben und Kapitaleinkommen einer proportionalen Besteuerung unterworfen. Die wachsende Ungleichverteilung von Einkommen und Vermögen könnte aber ein Argument für eine höhere und progressive Besteuerung von Kapitaleinkommen sein. Darüber hinaus stellt die Abgeltungsteuer Investitionen aus Fremdkapital gegenüber Eigenkapital besser. Die Argumente für und wider eine Abschaffung der Abgeltungsteuer und die Ausgestaltung alternativer Modelle sind Gegenstand dieses Zeitgesprächs.
There is a rising political discussion in Germany around abolishing the final withholding tax on capital income. The German tax reforms that introduced this tax lowered tax rates, in particular on interest income. According to some authors, the growing inequality of income and property is a strong argument for the higher taxation of capital income. However, other authors argue that the neutrality aspects concerning private investment are inadequate. An abolishment of the final withholding tax would not solve these problems and, moreover, would turn back the achieved improvements. Therefore, the German Council of Economic Experts suggests complementing the previous reforms by introducing an allowance for corporate equity.
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