Four species of the genus Pseudamnicola (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865), i.e. P. stasimoensis n. sp., P. lesbosensis n. sp., P. samosensis n. sp. and P. skalaensis n. sp are described as new ...to science. The type localities of 13 Pseudamnicola spp. and 1 subspecies hitherto known from Greece, including the Greek part of Cyprus, are presented on a map.
On October 30, 2020 14:51 (UTC), a moment magnitude (M
w
) of 7.0 (USGS, EMSC) earthquake occurred in the Aegean Sea north of the island of Samos, Greece. Turkish and Hellenic geotechnical ...reconnaissance teams were deployed immediately after the event and their findings are documented herein. The predominantly observed failure mechanism was that of earthquake-induced liquefaction and its associated impacts. Such failures are presented and discussed together with a preliminary assessment of the performance of building foundations, slopes and deep excavations, retaining structures and quay walls. On the Anatolian side (Turkey), and with the exception of the Izmir-Bayrakli region where significant site effects were observed, no major geotechnical effects were observed in the form of foundation failures, surface manifestation of liquefaction and lateral soil spreading, rock falls/landslides, failures of deep excavations, retaining structures, quay walls, and subway tunnels. In Samos (Greece), evidence of liquefaction, lateral spreading and damage to quay walls in ports were observed on the northern side of the island. Despite the proximity to the fault (about 10 km), the amplitude and the duration of shaking, the associated liquefaction phenomena were not pervasive. It is further unclear whether the damage to quay walls was due to liquefaction of the underlying soil, or merely due to the inertia of those structures, in conjunction with the presence of soft (yet not necessarily liquefied) foundation soil. A number of rockfalls/landslides were observed but the relevant phenomena were not particularly severe. Similar to the Anatolian side, no failures of engineered retaining structures and major infrastructure such as dams, bridges, viaducts, tunnels were observed in the island of Samos which can be mostly attributed to the lack of such infrastructure.
This article uses a combination of archaeological, environmental and historical evidence to consider where the most plausible shipping routes and landing points were around the west part of the ...Aegean island of Samos during the period 700-500 BCE, a time known for significant maritime activity in the region. Emerging evidence suggests that the west part of Samos, although subject year-round to strong and dangerous winds and lacking in safe anchorages along its coastline, connected itself in antiquity to a range of regional and supra-regional maritime networks. This article provides an important discussion for considering the practicalities of how those networks operated. Taking into account the size and capacity of ships sailing the Aegean in the seventh and sixth centuries BCE, this article considers how small ships would have fared in this region, in light of annual wind forecast, coastal topography and offshore bathymetry. Although there is a dearth of primary historical evidence from this period, comparative written accounts from the early modern period provide an opportunity for reflecting on how this area of the Aegean could have been navigated in small craft. This article closes by presenting a synthesis of possible year-round and seasonal routes usable around the island.
On 30th October 2020, the eastern Aegean Sea was shaken by a Mw = 7.0 earthquake. The epicenter was located near the northern coasts of Samos island. This tectonic event produced an uplift of the ...whole island as well as several cases of infrastructure damage, while a small tsunami followed the mainshock. Underwater and coastal geological, geomorphological, biological observations and measurements were performed at the entire coast revealing a complex character for the uplift. At the northwestern part of the island, maximum vertical displacements of +35 ± 5 cm were recorded at the northwestern tip, at Agios Isidoros. Conversely, the southeastern part was known for its subsidence through submerged archaeological remains and former sea level standstills. The 2020 underwater survey unveiled uplifted but still drowned sea level indicators. The vertical displacement at the south and southeastern part ranges between +23 ± 5 and +8 ± 5 cm suggesting a gradual fading of the uplift towards the east. The crucial value of tidal notches, as markers of co-seismic events, was validated from the outcome of this study. The co-seismic response of Samos coastal zone to the 30th October earthquake provides a basis for understanding the complex tectonics of this area.
الملخص: تستهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلقاء الضوء على تصوير الفيلسوف فيثاغورس على عملات مسقط رأسه ساموس، الذى شاع إبان القرنين الثانى والثالث الميلاديين، فمن خلال المصادر الأدبية يتضح أن فيثاغورس كان ...موضع إعجاب واهتمام الكتاب الرومان طيلة العصر الرومانى، وكان فى نظر المجتمع الرومانى من أحكم البشر، ليس هذا فقط، بل اعتبروه إلهًا وصانع معجزات، كما أوضحت الدراسة كيف كان فيثاغورس وفلسفته من اهتمامات الطبقة الحاكمة خلال تلك الفترة، وكيف تركت فلسفته بصمة واضحة على الفن والعمارة الرومانية آنذاك، وخاصة خلال عصرى هادريان والأسرة السيفيرية وقد صُوِّر فيثاغورس على العملة بنمطين، النمط الأول وهو النمط الأكثر شيوعًا؛ حيث وجد على ظهر عملات أغلب أباطرة القرنين الثانى والثالث الميلاديين، بدءا من تراجان حتى تراجان ديكيوس أما النمط الثانى فقد ظهر فقط على عملات كومودوس. وقد صور فيثاغورس فى كلا النمطين كعالم فلكى مع رمز الكرة السماوية، وتبين من الدراسة أن تصويره جاء متأثرًا بروح العصر؛ حيث إنه صور مع رمز علم الفلك والتنجيم، العلم الذى احتل مكانة الصدارة بين العلوم آنذاك، وكان محل اهتمام الأباطرة، فضلًا عن المكانة البارزة التى احتلها فيثاغورس فى عالم الفلك باعتباره واحدًا من الينابيع الأولى لهذا العلم، كما أثبتت الدراسة المقارنة أن تصوير فيثاغورس يختلف عن كافة الفلاسفة والفلكيين؛ حيث إنه صور متشبهًا بالإله زيوس يحمل الصولجان، رمز الألوهية، وهذا من شأنه أن يؤكد أن فيثاغورس ظل لعدة قرون بعد وفاته موضع تبجيل وقداسة ونال شرف العبادة وخاصة فى مسقط رأسه ساموس. Abstract: This paper aims to shed light on Pythagoras’s representation on Samos coins spread during the Second and Third centuries A.D. The literary sources assert that Pythagoras was a topic of admiration and interest to the Roman writers. The Roman world saw him as the wisest man and also considered him a god and a miracle worker. This study shows how the ruling class was interested in Pythagoras and his philosophy, which clearly reflects Roman art and architecture, especially during the Hadrian and Severian dynasties. Pythagoras was depicted in two types: The first type is the most common, so it is found on the coins of most of the emperors of this period. The second type appeared only on Commodus’s coins. In both types, he appeared as an astronomer with the celestial globe symbol, and the study proves that his portrayal was influenced by the age spirit. As he was depicted with the symbol of astronomy and astrology, which occupied the forefront among the sciences and was of interest to the emperors, in addition to that, Pythagoras enjoyed a prominent position as one of the first sources of astronomy. As well, the comparative study proves that Pythagoras’s representation differs from that of the other philosophers and astronomers; he was depicted as god Zeus holding a scepter, a symbol of divinity, and this would confirm that Pythagoras was elevated to divinity and honored cult worship for centuries after his death, especially in his hometown of Samos.
We resolve source mechanism and rupture process for the Néon Karlovásion, Samos Mw 7.0 earthquake that struck Greek-Turkish border regions on 30th October 2020 acquired from kinematic joint inversion ...of teleseismic body-waves and near-field strong ground-motion waveforms. The optimal kinematic finite-fault slip model indicates a planar E-W striking north-dipping normal faulting mechanism with strike ϕ = 270° ± 5°; dip δ = 35° ± 5°; rake λ = −94° ± 5°; centroid depth h = 11 ± 2 km; duration of the source time function STF = 26 s and seismic moment Mo = 3.34 × 1019 Nm equivalent to Mw = 7.0. Our final finite- fault slip models exhibit two main asperities within a depth range from ~20 km to the surface. The dynamic rupture model exposes an initial heterogeneous stress distribution with variations up to 25 MPa. The near-field strong motion waveforms constrained the slip model suggesting up-dip and westward propagation of the bilateral rupture pattern with a maximum slip of 3.2 m, illuminated by back-projection (BP) analysis. The high-frequency (HF) back-projected rupture showed a predominantly E-W striking component (~75%) with directivity of 277° that propagates to the surface along a 60 km long and 24 km wide fault plane in 20 s at a slower speed range of 1.0–2.0 km/s. This well constrains the coseismic slip region where the aftershock sequence confirms distributed deformation. Our back-projection analyses elucidates a dominant HF rupture stage (0–13 s) tracked first on the epicentre area and further along the downdip in the region of maximum coseismic slip indicating ~15 km of persistent rupture. The latter HF emissions (13–20 s) remark a speed of about 3.0 km/s and a westward extension of the rupture up to 30 km from the preceding rupture segment to shorelines at the northeast of the Ikaria Island.
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•Kinematic source rupture models and slip history of the 30 October 2020 Mw 7.0 Néon Karlovásion (Samos) earthquake in the E Aegean Sea are obtained.•Dynamic rupture simulations constrained by kinematic joint inversion elucidate the source process.•Slow rupture speed on discrete patches of the sequence down to 20 km depth is acquiredand aftershocks extend for 60 km.•High frequency back-projected westward rupture directivity of 277° delineates the coseismic slip region of the Samos fault.•Near-surface slip distribution explains local coastal uplift of the Samos Island and perceived tsunami.
For almost a year, from November 1943 to October 1944, the Greek island of Samos was under German occupation. General Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller, who was responsible for Samos, ruthlessly exploited his ...position of power and attempted to secretly take the Philippe, a female statue of the so-called Geneleos Group, out of the country. Fortunately, this criminal action and the planned transport of the statue to Trier were prevented by the Kunstschutz of the Wehrmacht. Finally, in 1954, the Philippe was returned from the Athens National Museum to Samos, where it is now exhibited in the archaeological museum of Vathi. The adventure of the Philippe statue sheds light on the situation of the antiquities on Samos during the German occupation. Selected sources will also be used to show how the Kunstschutz officers proceeded in their rescue operations and how they themselves defined their role as part of the German Wehrmacht after the war.
La conclusión del monumental templo monasterial de San Julián de Samos (Lugo) en 1748 fue posible gracias a la cesión de los derechos de impresión y reimpresión y los beneficios de la venta de los ...seis primeros tomos del Theatro Crítico Universal (1726, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1733 y 1734) y de la Ilustración apologética (1729) que en 1734 el padre Benito Jerónimo Feijoo (1676-1764) hizo a la que había sido la casa de su noviciado y profesión religiosa (1690 y 1692). El dato era conocido de la erudición, pues ya dio noticias el padre fray Martín Sarmiento, amigo y corresponsal de Feijoo además de cronista de la orden benedictina, en un informe manuscrito de 1743 (publicado en 1879), y fray Eladio de Nóboa (1765) y, a partir de ellos, se ha venido repitiendo, aunque sin convicción. Publicamos ahora ese documento de 1734 y, a su vista y de la obra literaria del padre Feijoo, hacemos algunas observaciones sobre la fábrica barroca del monasterio de Samos.
gl A conclusión do monumental templo mosteiral de San Xulián de Samos (Lugo) en 1748 foi posible grazas á cesión dos dereitos de impresión e reimpresión e os beneficios da venda dos seis primeiros tomos do Theatro Crítico Universal (1726, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1733 y 1734) e da Ilustración apologética (1729) que en 1734 o padre Benito Jerónimo Feijoo (1676-1764) fixo á que fora a casa do seu noviciado e profesión relixiosa (1690 y 1692). O dato era coñecido da erudición, pois xa dera noticias o padre frei Martín Sarmiento, amigo e correspondente de Feijoo, ademais de cronista da orden benedictina, nun informe manuscrito de 1743 (publicado en 1879), e frei Eladio de Nóboa (1765) e, a partir deles, veuse repetindo, aínda que sen convición. Publicamos agora ese documento de 1734 e, á súa vista e da obra literaria do padre Feijoo, facemos algunhas observacións sobre a fábrica barroca do mosteiro de Samos.
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