"Eco-fascism" has recently regained prominence following two of the most lethal extreme right terrorist attacks: the murderous assault on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, which killed ...fifty-one, and the massacre at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, which killed twenty-two. Both of these attacks were justified by their perpetrators, at least in part, in environmental terms. Brenton Tarrant, the Christchurch terrorist, went so far as to proclaim himself an "eco-fascist." Whilst "radical right" populism is often associated with climate denial, "extreme right" environmentalism, with its roots in the "blood and soil" thinking of Nazism, is concerned with protecting the spiritual link that supposedly exists between man and nature. Having established the historical lineage of such ideas, the article explores how contemporary extreme right groups have reacted to population growth, migration, and climate change. It explores the emergence of a particular form of "dark green" environmentalism that builds upon the "blood and soil" ideas of Nazism, synthesizing them with an anti-human ecology derived from several sources including Greco-French Hitler-worshipper Savitri Devi; the "Unabomber" Ted Kaczynski; and the Finnish environmentalist and misanthrope Pentti Linkola. The misanthropic ideas of these three ideologues and their extreme "solutions" to environmental degradation and overpopulation represent an increasingly prevalent ideological tendency within extreme right subcultures online. The violent panaceas they advocate and envisage as being necessary to defend the natural environment will undoubtedly gain greater prominence as climate change-driven migration northwards to Europe intensifies.
Lowland rivers across the world are characterized by accumulation of sediment due to a decrease in the channel slope. Despite the antiquity of the topography, the lowland part of the west‐flowing ...rivers of Western Ghat, India is characterized by poorly developed floodplains except for the southern part of the Ghat. This poses a question of the sediment transportation and deposition capacity in these lowland rivers, which in turn governs geomorphic characteristics. In this study, we adapted a novel method to integrate hydrological model‐derived discharge estimates, channel slope estimates from digital elevation models, bankfull channel width estimates from high‐resolution Google Earth satellite images and field observations. We modelled the downstream distribution of total stream power (
Ω), specific stream power (
ω) and shear stress (
τb) for four west‐flowing river systems from different lithological and climatic settings. The 75th percentile discharge from monthly time series data was used in modelling to assess channel processes. The peak values of
Ω are distributed all along the longitudinal profile, whereas the peak values of
ω and
τb are consistently higher in the escarpment. Scaling relationships between hydrogeomorphic parameters were also established to understand the inherent controls on the distribution of these driving parameters. We inferred that
ω is sufficient to transport large grain sizes even in the low‐gradient lowland stretches. Hence sediments are mostly absent in the channel, and floodplains are not well developed. Despite having a low gradient, the lowland coastal rivers can efficiently evacuate most of the eroded sediments to the offshore region. Finally, the lithological control is manifested by the variability of channel width regulating the sediment transport in the coastal rivers of the Western Ghat.
Fluvial geomorphic characteristics, processes and control: lowland rivers in a passive margin setting (the Western Ghat, India).
Morphometric analyses have the ability to provide substantial evidences of drainage evolution, hydro-geomorphic, denudation, and tectonic characteristics that are essential for sustainable watershed ...management and planning. The aim of this study is to investigate different morphometric parameters and groundwater potentials in Savitri and Vashisthi basins though geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Utilizing high-resolution satellite images, conventional datasets, and relevant field data, we prepared eight thematic layers that regulate the groundwater potentials of an area, such as geology, lineaments, drainage density, slope, rainfall, soil texture and depth, and well density. All these conditioning factors were analyzed in GIS using weighted sum method utilizing the influencing factor (IF) and frequency ratio (FR) methods to prepare the groundwater potential maps. The resultant groundwater potential maps were classified into four sections of different potentiality as: very high, high, moderate, and low. The accuracy of these groundwater potential maps was confirmed by area under the curve (AUC) through establishing a relationship between cumulative percentage of different groundwater potential classes and cumulative percentage of the availability of wells. Prediction of groundwater potentials through FR showed pronounced efficiency (AUC = 75%) for both drainage basins compared to the IF technique (AUC = 69% and 65% for Savitri and Vashisthi, respectively). It was summarized that the reliability of FR technique is higher, contrasting to the IF technique for groundwater potential mapping in our study area. Moreover, morphometric parameters indicated that the drainage development is highly mature in both catchments. The resultant groundwater potential maps can be used for sustainable water resource management and developing artificial recharge projects in the study area.
Transformation of coastal regions as a result of recent climate change and localised human influences is of concern. Thus, understanding of the changes that have already occurred, the processes ...responsible for these changes, and their impact on coastal depositional environment is important. Large and well-developed intertidal mudflats of Savitri estuary of central west coast of India are well suited for this purpose. The distribution of sediment components, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, sedimentary organic carbon isotope ratios (δ
13
C
org
), diatoms, pH, and metals (Fe, Mn, Al, Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Pb) of two mudflat sediment cores, S-18 from lower estuary and S-41 from middle estuary of Savitri estuary, are presented in this paper. The enrichment of δ
13
C
org
values from bottom to surface as well as dominance of marine diatom species towards the surface of core S-18 was attributed to the decrease in freshwater inflow to the estuary as a result of decreased rainfall, and runoff, while, increase in organic nutrient load in cores S-18 and S-41, was may be due to input from anthropogenic activities in recent years and changes in depositional environment of Savitri estuary.
Bauxite, the only source of aluminium, is an aggregate of minerals, most of which are oxides and hydroxides of aluminium and iron such as gibbsite, bohemite, goethite and haematite. Bauxite is used ...in the chemical and refractory industries and its quality is controlled by the presence of impurities such as iron and silica. Bauxite commonly occurs together with iron-rich laterites as alteration products of parental igneous and metamorphic rocks. Aluminium-rich bauxites grade towards highly ferruginous laterites with a transitional Al-rich laterites or ferruginous bauxite, herein described as Al-laterites. In the Savitri River Basin, bauxite contains 58–75% gibbsite, 6–11% goethite and 19–26% haematite, whereas the mineralogy of Al-laterites and Fe-laterites are dominated by haematite (29–68%) and goethite (6–25%) with subordinate amounts of gibbsite. Conventional techniques to demarcate the high-grade pockets of bauxites rich in gibbsite are tedious, time consuming and involve detailed field sampling and geochemical analyses. Our work illustrates how spectral properties of these three litho-units can be effectively utilized in mapping of high-grade bauxites occurring over wide areas using hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS). The methodology adopted herein involves generation of noise-free field spectral database of target materials, linear unmixing of field spectra for constituent minerals, classification of preprocessed Hyperion images using field spectra and finally accuracy assessment for ore grade estimation. It is observed that bauxite mapping using Hyperion data and noise-free field spectra yielded results that correlate well with the chemistry and mineralogy of representative samples. By adopting the above procedure, we achieved classification accuracies of 100%, 71% and 89% for bauxite, Al-laterite and Fe-laterite classes, respectively.
The benthic foraminifera from the Savitri estuary are being reported for the first time. The faunal analyses reveal the occurrence of mixed assemblage. It is observed that
Trochammina inflata
is the ...most dominant species and appears to be the indigenous to mangrove environment.
We planned to undertake a comparative study of the effect of short term (three weeks) training in savitri (slow breathing) and bhastrika (fast breathing) pranayams on respiratory pressures and ...endurance, reaction time, blood pressure, heart rate, rate-pressure product and double product. Thirty student volunteers were divided into two groups of fifteen each. Group I was given training in savitri pranayam that involves slow, rhythmic, and deep breathing. Group II was given training in bhastrika pranayam, which is bellows-type rapid and deep breathing. Parameters were measured before and after three week training period. Savitri pranayam produced a significant increase in respiratory pressures and respiratory endurance. In both the groups, there was an appreciable but statistically insignificant shortening of reaction time. Heart rate, rate-pressure product and double product decreased in savitri pranayam group but increased significantly in bhastrika group. It is concluded that different types of pranayams produce different physiological responses in normal young volunteers.
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