Oligocene (Rupelian-early Chattian) new larger benthic foraminiferal taxons such as miliolid genus Sivasina n. gen., SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM (type species Sivasina egribucakensis n. gen. n. sp. SİREL & ...ÖZGEN-ERDEM) occurs in the Eğribucak, Bakımlı, Tuzlagözü and Çaygören sections (E of Sivas). One new Rupelian-early Chattian lagoonal-shallowest-water peneroplid species Peneroplis flabelliformis n. sp., SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM from the Eğribucak, Tuzlagözü and Çaygören sections and Rupelian lagoonal two new peneroplid species Coscinospira sivasensis n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM, Coscinospira elongata n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM from the Eğribucak section (E of Sivas), two new Rupelian shallowest-water alveolinid species Praebullalveolina oligocenica n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM and Praebullalveolina minuta n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM from the Bakımlı section are described and figured. Furthermore, the description of the known Oligocene soritid species Praearchaias diyarbakirensis SİREL, Praearchaias minimus SİREL, Archaias kirkukensis HENSON, Archaias asmaricus SMOUT & EAMES, peneroplid species P. cf. laevigatus d’ ORBIGNY and austrotrillinid species Austrotrillina brunni MARIE are given shortly. In addition, the biostratigraphy of four studied sections are introduced.
The Sivas Basin, located on the Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey, is an elongate Oligo‐Miocene basin that contains numerous salt‐walled mini‐basins. Through field analysis, including stratigraphic ...section logging, facies analysis and geological mapping, a detailed tectono‐stratigraphic study of the Emirhan mini‐basin and its 2·6 km thick sediment fill has been undertaken. Three main palaeoenvironments are recognized – playa‐lake, braided stream and lacustrine – each corresponds to a relatively long‐lived depositional episode within a system that was dominated overall by the development of a distributive fluvial system. At local scale, this affects the geometry of the succession and influences facies distributions within preserved sequences. Sequences affected by wedge geometries are characterized by localized channelized sandstone bodies in the area of maximum subsidence and these pass laterally to floodplain mudstone towards the diaper; several internal unconformities are recognized. By contrast, sequences affected by hook geometries display narrow and steep drape‐fold geometries with no evidence of lateral facies change and apparent conformity in the preserved succession. The sediment fill of the Emirhan mini‐basin records the remobilization of diapir‐derived detritus and the presence of evaporitic bodies interbedded within the mini‐basin, implying the growth of salt walls expressed at the surface as palaeo‐topographic highs. The mini‐basin also records the signature of a regional change in stratigraphic assemblage, passing from playa‐lake facies to large‐scale highly amalgamated fluvial facies that represent progradation of the fluvial system. The initiation and evolution of this mini‐basin involves a variety of local and regional controls. Local factors include: (i) salt withdrawal, which influenced the rate and style of subsidence and consequently temporal and spatial variation in the stratigraphic assemblage and the stratal response related to halokinesis; and (ii) salt inflation, which influenced the topographic expression of the diapirs and consequently the occurrence of diapir‐derived detritus intercalated within the otherwise clastic‐dominated succession.
The Anatolian block preserves remnants of Tethyan oceanic basins consumed by north dipping subduction zones until the Late Cretaceous prior to Paleogene collision. The Sivas Basin, which belongs to ...the Maastrichtian to Cenozoic Central Anatolian basins, is located in a key position limited to the north and the south by respectively the Pontides and Tauride ophiolitic bodies and to the west by the Kırşehir block. This study focuses on the southern margin of the Sivas Basin, where an obducted ophiolite is capped by Maastrichtian‐Paleocene sediments. We present new field observations, with U‐Pb zircon dating on magmatic rocks and geochemical analyses to (1) unravel the pre‐obduction nature and origin of the ophiolitic basement and (2) describe the post‐obduction tectonosedimentary evolution. The pre‐obduction evolution shows that (i) the Sivas ophiolite is characterized by serpentinized peridotites, with minor magmatic intrusions, (ii) the top of the serpentinized mantle is characterized by a cataclastic deformation with ophicalcites interpreted as an extensional detachment fault, (iii) the U‐Pb zircon dating of two magmatic intrusions yield age of 91.49 ± 0.8 Ma and 72.7 ± 0.5 Ma, and (iv) petrological and geochemical data show that the magmatic intrusions were affected by hydrothermal metamorphism. These data suggest that the Sivas ophiolite may have recorded forearc hyperextension in frame of a Late Cretaceous suprasubduction zone. The post‐obduction evolution is characterized by the deposition of a Maastrichtian‐Paleocene carbonate platform on the ophiolite, followed by clastic sediments containing reworked ophiolitic and Tauride Mesozoic clasts.
Key Points
The Sivas Ophiolite consists of a pre‐obduction magma‐starved ophiolitic sequence which formed in a suprasubduction setting during the Late Cretaceous
The post‐obduction sedimentary succession is characterized by Maastrichtian‐Paleocene carbonate platform followed by clastic sediments reworking Tauride platform and Sivas ophiolite
Shortening initiated during early Eocene along the southern edge of the Sivas Basin
Modernite, üzerine oturduğu ilkeler bağlamında çok genel olarak bireylerin toplumla ilişkisini ya keskin bir bireyselleşmeyi teşvik etmek ya da taşıdığı pek çok riskten dolayı bireysel özgürlükleri ...çelişkili bir şekilde yeni bağıntılara teslim etmek yönünde iki türlü etkilemiştir. Modernleşme sürecinde din bu sosyal değişmelerden sadece geleneksel ve gündelik kalıpları bağlamında değil; kamusal alana karşılık gelen boyutları yönüyle de önemli şekilde etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışma Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi örnekleminde örgütlü ve resmî bir din alanı olarak ilahiyat fakültelerinde din ve modernleşme ilişkisini incelemiştir. Araştırmanın amacı bugün ilahiyat fakültelerindeki modernleşmenin bireysel kimliğe bakan yönlerini din ve dünya tasarımları, çoğulculuk, yaşam tarzlarına bakış, toplumsal cinsiyetle ilgili tavırlar, tüketim gibi kimi kavramlar üzerinden anlamak ve açıklamaktır. Bu hedefler doğrultusunda makalede katılımcıların modernleşmeye bağlı tutum ve davranışları ile kitabi İslam’ın din teorisi, politik sekülarizm, küreselleşme, sosyoekonomik ve kültürel çevreleri arasında ne tür ilişkiler olduğu problematize edilmiştir. Nitel bir yöntem dâhilinde araştırma bir tekil olay incelemesi olarak planlanmıştır. Yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakat soruları yardımıyla farklı sınıflardaki erkek ve kız öğrencilerden oluşan bir örneklem gruptan sorun merkezli görüşme, anlatı, katılımlı gözlem gibi tekniklerle elde edilen veriler kuramsal olarak etkileşimci, etnometodolojik ve fenomenolojik perspektiflerden çözümlenmiştir.
•Trends of various water parameters in the Kizilirmak River, Turkey are investigated by using two different trend methods.•Recently proposed a method by Şen (2012) is compared with the well-known ...Mann–Kendall trend method.•Şen’s method shows low, medium and high values of data on the Cartesian coordinate system.•Şen’s method is not based on a set of assumptions.•Data can be also analyzed by Şen method with less data, and can have any a skewed distribution.
Low, medium and high values of a parameter are very important issues in climatological, meteorological and hydrological events. Moreover these values are used to decide various design parameters based on scientific aspects and real applications everywhere in the world. With this concept, a new trend method recently proposed by Şen was used for water parameters, pH, T, EC, Na+, K+, CO3-2, HCO3-, Cl−, SO4-2, B+3 and Q recorded at five different stations (station numbers and locations: 1535-Sogutluhan (Sivas), 1501-Yamula (Kayseri), 1546-Tuzkoy (Kayseri), 1503-Yahsihan (Kirsehir), and 1533-Inozu (Samsun)) selected from the Kizilirmak River in Turkey. Low, medium and high values of the parameters were graphically evaluated with this method. For comparison purposes, the Mann–Kendall trend test was also applied to the same data. Differences of the two trend tests were also emphasised. It was found that the Şen trend test compared with the MK trend test had several advantages. The results also revealed that the Şen trend test could be successfully used for trend analysis of water parameters especially in terms of evaluation of low, medium and high values of data.
In recent years, due to the high-reserve metallic and/or non-metallic mines detected in A-type granitoids, this interest is growing in these granitoids. Davulalan syenitoid is one of the A-type ...granitoids which are intruded in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC) in Turkey. This research discusses the ore productivity and fertility of the Davulalan syenitoid based on field studies, petrographic examinations, and geochemical data. The syenitoid consist of alkaline composition syenite and quartz-syenite, and calcic composition nepheline-syenite rocks. Two type mineral occurrences as vein and veinlets (stockwork) bearing Cu (up to 60 ppm), Mo (up to 308 ppm), Pb (up to 3600 ppm), Zn (up to 745 ppm), and REEs (up to 880 ppm), which are located in the center of the syenitoid and the contact zones of the marbles. As microscopically, argillization, sericitization, chloritization, carbonization, and silicification in the samples where are between the veins. The veins and veinlets include mainly galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, native gold, magnetite, maghemite, specular hematite and hematite as ore minerals, and calcite, fluorite and quartz as gangue minerals. The geochemical data of unaltered/altered samples show tending to the K-feldspar and argillic/sericite alterations. Due to its similar to the Ocean Island Basalt (OIB) composition, strongly evolved and fractionated, likely high oxygen fugacity, the syenitoid a productive and fertility in terms of Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, and REEs.
•Determination of ore productivity and fertility properties of A-type granite by mineralogical and geochemical data.•The composition is similar to the Ocean Island Basalt (OIB), strongly evolved and fractionated, and likely high oxygen fugacity.•The syenitoid is reported as productive and fertility in terms of Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn and REEs.
The Sivas Basin, located in the Central Anatolian Plateau of Turkey, is a foreland basin that records a complex interaction between sedimentation, salt tectonics and regional shortening during the ...Oligo‐Miocene leading to the formation of numerous mini‐basins. The Oligocene sedimentary infill of the mini‐basins consists of a thick continental succession, the Karayün Formation, comprising a vertical succession of three main sub‐environments: (i) playa‐lake, (ii) fluvial braided, and (iii) saline lacustrine. These sub‐environments are seen as forming a large Distributive Fluvial System (DFS) modified through time as a function of sediment supply and accommodation related to regional changes in climate and tectonic regime. Within neighbouring mini‐basins and despite a similar vertical stratigraphic succession, subtle variations in facies assemblages and thickness are observed in stratigraphic units of equivalent age, thus demonstrating the local control exerted by halokinesis. Stratigraphic and stratal patterns reveal in great detail the complex interaction between salt tectonics and sedimentation including different types of halokinetic structures such as hooks, wedges and halokinetic folds. The regional variations of accommodation/sediment supply led to coeval changes in the architectural patterns recorded in the mini‐basins. The type of accommodation regime produces several changes in the sedimentary record: (i) a regime dominated by regional accommodation limits the impact of halokinesis, which is recorded as very small variations in stratigraphic thickness and facies distribution within and between mini‐basins; (ii) a regime dominated by localized salt‐induced accommodation linked to the subsidence of each individual mini‐basin enhances the facies heterogeneity within the DFS, causing sharp changes in stratigraphic thickness and facies assemblages within and between mini‐basins.
Anatolia is characterised by a complex geodynamic evolution, mirrored by a wide spectrum of magmatism. Here, we investigated the timing and the geochemical/isotopic characters of the Miocene to ...Pliocene volcanism of Sivas–Malatya Region (Central Eastern Anatolia), and its relationships with local and regional tectonics. Na-alkaline basaltic lavas were emplaced during middle Miocene at Sivas (16.7–13.1 Ma), in the North, whilst transition from calc-alkaline to Na-alkaline rocks is observed at Yamadağ and Kepez Dağ volcanic complexes. Calc-alkaline products erupted during early to middle Miocene, and more precisely from 19.5 to 13.6 Ma at Yamadağ and from 16.4 to 13.5 Ma at Kepez Dağ, with final Na-alkaline activity of the Arguvan volcanic field lasting till late Miocene (15.7–10.6 Ma). Volcanism renewed during the Pliocene in the Kangal (5.9–4.0 Ma) volcanic field with the emission of K-alkaline igneous rocks. Mafic calc-alkaline and Na-alkaline rocks partially overlap in age but can be easily distinguished by their petrochemical characters. Mafic calc-alkaline igneous rocks show typical subduction-related petrological and geochemical affinities. They are both two-pyroxene or clinopyroxene and amphibole-bearing rocks, characterised by high LILE/HFSE values, with variable
87
Sr/
86
Sr
i
(0.70396–0.70539) and
143
Nd/
144
Nd
i
(0.51260–0.51287). Mafic Na-alkaline igneous rocks are characterised by big olivine phenocrysts and show intraplate geochemical flavours, although some LILE depletion with respect to HFSE as well as variable
87
Sr/
86
Sr
i
(0.70347–0.70553) and
143
Nd/
144
Nd
i
(0.51261–0.51291) isotopic compositions are present. These characteristics are suggestive for the occurrence, at some stage of their genesis, of a possible interaction with subduction-related reservoirs. The Kangal K-alkali basalts still show intraplate-like petrological and geochemical affinities with LILE/HFSE ratios similar to those of the Miocene Na-alkaline rocks, and largely variable
87
Sr/
86
Sr
i
(0.70425–0.70520) and
143
Nd/
144
Nd
i
(0.51262–0.51277) isotopic compositions, overlapping the arrays observed in the earlier stages of volcanism. A general transition from calc-alkaline to Na-alkaline volcanic rocks is observed with time, according to the evolution of the geodynamics of the Anatolia region. Early to middle Miocene calc-alkaline magmas were derived by partial melting of the mantle wedge delimited by the subduction of the last oceanic branch of Neotethys. The Na-alkaline magmas, on the other hand, were generated within the asthenospheric mantle beneath the slab and migrated through slab tears into the mantle wedge where they mixed with subduction-related components. The subduction-related component decreased with time and transitional magmas are found in the youngest activity of Yamadağ and Kepez Dağ, shortly followed by clear within-plate lavas formed in the Arguvan volcanic field. The appearance of the youngest K-alkaline volcanic rocks in the Kangal basin represents an abrupt change in the magma supply at depth, although continental crustal contamination en-route to the surface played an important role in their genesis.
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