Abstract Nondisplaced proximal humerus fracture may be associated with soft tissue injury. This case report examines 2 cases of superior labral anterior–posterior (SLAP) tears in association with ...nondisplaced fractures of the proximal humerus. In the first case, the patient fell from a jet ski, causing a traction injury to his arm. A greater tuberosity fracture was identified. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal a definitive labral tear. After conservative management had failed, a type IV SLAP tear and a small rotator cuff tear were arthroscopically identified and repaired. In the second case, a power company lineman fell from a lift and attempted to hold on with his dominant arm. A nondisplaced greater tuberosity and a surgical neck fracture were discovered. MR arthrography revealed no evidence of SLAP tear. Four months after injury, a type II SLAP tear was arthroscopically identified and repaired. In these 2 cases, the presence of the fracture likely slowed operative intervention because pain was attributed to the fracture itself, and not to the SLAP tear. If patients do not follow the usual course of improvement after a proximal humerus fracture from a superior traction mechanism, consideration should be given to associated superior labral tears that may require surgical intervention.
Nowadays, BLDC motors have become important motors for their many applications. Some of these applications require precise position and speed control, such as paper and textile mills, robots, CNC ...machines, etc. These and other applications require an accurate tracking trajectory of the movement. In this paper, two methods were used for dual motor synchronization, namely SMC and conventional PI control, to connect the two motors and perform the precise synchronization of their movements. Also, the cascade controller was designed to control the position of two BLDC motors. A salp swarm algorithm is used to determine the values of parameters for cascade control methods P and PI and dual motor synchronization (DMS) for both methods. In addition to using the objective function, Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), to produce the most accurate results, The results were compared using sliding mode control and conventional PI control for dual motor synchronization. The simulation results showed that the dual motor synchronization by sliding mode control is better than the dual motor synchronization by conventional PI control in terms of deviation, settling time, and overshoot. It was noted that at point (7,2), when drawing the letter (M), using conventional PI control showed a clear deviation and inaccurate drawing. while the deviation from this point is very small (almost zero) when using sliding mode control.
We describe an arthroscopic technique for SLAP fixation. In most of the cases, the arthroscopic view during a SLAP repair is complicated by the posterior-superior labrum falling into the joint. We ...insert 2 needles over the supraspinatus portal, which are loaded with a No. 1 PDS. One needle is inserted under the surface of the posterior-superior labrum and the other over the surface. By using the anterior-superior portal, we can retrieve the 2 sutures and knot them together. By pulling the 2-knot sutures back over the anterior-superior portal, we create a sling and can hold the posterior-superior labrum back. In doing so, we gain an excellent arthroscopic view for preparing the glenoid neck and precise positioning of fixation devices without interfering with the superior-posterior labrum. The technique is easy and safe.
Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 6 (July-August), 2002: pp E33
Abstract Due to the complexity of shoulder pathomechanics in the overhead athlete, injuries located in the superior aspect of the glenoid, known as superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) ...lesions, are often a surgical and rehabilitation challenge. In an effort to determine surgical versus conservative care of SLAP lesions a thorough clinical examination and evaluation are necessary. If surgery is identified as the treatment of choice, post operative rehabilitation will vary pending surgical findings including the extent and location of the SLAP lesion, and other concomitant findings and procedures. This manuscript will provide an overview of the pathology, examination and evaluation of SLAP lesions, surgical management and post operative rehabilitation following various SLAP categories.
Dynamic Strain Measurement of Slap Skate Blades NAGASAKA, Akihiko; KAKEGAWA, Yohei; HIRABAYASHI, Yoshiaki ...
Journal of Japan Society of Sports Industry,
2008, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Slap skates became popular after the Nagano Winter Olympics and came to be one of the main factors in shortening time records. There have not been enough studies on slap skates but recently they are ...becoming more popular. The purposes of this study were to measure the strain applied to the skate blade, and to investigate characteristics of the blade reaction force to ice surface and their relationships to the skating place. The experiments were carried out at the M-wave skating arena, where speed skate competitions were held in the Nagano Winter Olympics. In the experiment, first a strain gage was attached to the blade, then data was collected with a compact recorder. The position of the strain gage was the outside of the blade. The gages were attached at four places (Front, Hinge, Middle, and Rear) of both sides of each blade. Two of these places were selected arbitrarily from the eight places when measuring. The results are summarized as follows.•At each of eight places of measurement positions, dynamic strain showed plus or minus values with the progress of time. It was found that the strain of the Hinge (under the axis) became greatest.•The strain at the Hinge of the left blade showed minus value while skating the straight section. The strain during the curve section showed plus value.•The strain at the Hinge of the right blade always showed minus value.•Differences in skater's strokes in the straight and curve sections clearly appeared in the interval of wave patterns. This was confirmed by the relation between strain and time.
Glucocorticoids suppress mast cell activation by inhibiting signaling events as well as transcription of cytokine genes. The inhibition of signaling events has been attributed to upregulation of ...inhibitory regulators such as Src-like adaptor protein1 (SLAP), downstream of tyrosine kinase1 (Dok1), and dual specificity protein phospahatase1 (DUSP1). As reported here, the upregulation of SLAP and Dok1, but not DUSP1, in the RBL-2H3 mast cell line was inhibited by actinomycin D and was thus dependent on gene transcription. Examination of the gene sequences revealed a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) and a half GRE as potential regulators of the SLAP and Dok1, respectively. As indicated by luciferase reporter assays, SLAP GRE, but not the Dok1 half GRE, robustly activated gene transcription after treatment of cells with glucocorticoids. Binding of the glucocorticoid receptor to the SLAP GRE was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These findings further support the notion that the immunosuppressive actions of glucocorticoids are exerted in part through upregulation of inhibitory regulators by various mechanisms. In the case of SLAP specifically, this requires activation of gene transcription through the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with GRE.
Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions have been well described in the literature and are thought to be secondary to traction injuries to the biceps anchor and/or falls on the ...outstretched arm. The pulley has recently been described as a structure that aids in the prevention of biceps instability. The intra-articular subscapularis insertion (IASS) has been noted to contribute to the robust nature of the medial sheath. The purpose of the study was to determine a potential correlation of SLAP lesions and pulley lesions with/without IASS lesions, (hereafter referred to as medial sheath) as forces that can disrupt the biceps anchor and may also disrupt structures of the medial sheath or vice-versa.
Three hundred and sixteen consecutive shoulder arthroscopies performed by one surgeon were reviewed retrospectively. Operative reports and arthroscopic pictures were carefully reviewed with particular attention paid to the labral and pulley pathology. Selection bias was noted as the author had never operated primarily for a Type 1 SLAP lesion. Following, however, and as such, the exclusion criteria, was a Type 1 SLAP.
There were a total of 30 SLAP lesions and a total of 126 medial sheath lesions. There were 13 patients who had both SLAP and medial sheath lesions. There were 17 patients who had a SLAP lesion without a medial sheath lesion. There were 96 medial sheath lesions without a SLAP. A comparison of rates between patients who had a medial sheath lesion with a SLAP and those who had a medial sheath lesion without a SLAP, for the 316 patients, and when tested with a Fisher exact test revealed that there was no statistical significance, P = 0.673. The prevalence of SLAP lesions in this population of 316 patients was 9.4%, Buford 1%, medial sheath lesions 39%, and SLAP and medial sheath lesions 4%. Interestingly, there were three Buford complexes, all associated with a SLAP and one Buford complex was associated with both a SLAP and a pulley. When looking at the rate for medial sheath lesions when restricted to patients with SLAP lesions, the medial sheath lesion rate was 43.3% (13/30; 95% confidence interval 19.6-66.9%). The medial sheath lesion rate for patients with SLAP lesions differs from a rate of zero and is statistically significant, with a P value <0.05. In other words, when a SLAP lesion is present there is a statistically significant rate of medial sheath lesions, a previously unpublished association.
With a 43% association of the medial sheath lesion with SLAP lesions, the author postulates that forces that affect the biceps anchor may also damage the pulley system of the bicipital sheath and, as such, this anatomic structure should be evaluated, especially when SLAP lesions are present.
Arthroscopic refixation of the glenoid labrum has become a standard treatment of type II SLAP lesions although postoperative results are not uniformly good due to factors which are yet unclear. We ...present the case of an active overhead athlete with an intraarticular posterosuperior impingement syndrome arising from a suture granuloma formation complicating the postoperative course after arthroscopic SLAP repair. The symptoms resolved completely following revision arthroscopy during which the granuloma and the permanent sutures were removed. Implant related complications should be considered when patients present with recurrent pain after arthroscopic SLAP repair using suture anchors, in particular during overhead activity.
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