The monograph ('I live in Bukov Vrh ('village') below Bukov vrh ('hill')') contains eight different proposals for writing the initial in the non-first components of multi-word geographical proper ...names. The proposals were presented at the open conference ““Meeting of two commissions”“ in June 2019. The motives that triggered the discussion on spelling reform and the decision to consult with the general public before the final decision of the spelling commission are presented. A survey will be prepared, presenting the views of the debaters, presented in the present monograph. The views of the chapters in the central part of the monograph can be summarized in three groups: the first group advocates a more comprehensive reform, which is reflected in the technical solution of writing geographical names - ““all components of the name with a capital letter”“~the second group does not advocate technical reform at the outset, but focuses on clarifying the rules and abolishing the division into settlement and non-settlement names~the third group does not support any changes.
The paper describes the combined results of several projects which constitute a basic language resource infrastructure for printed historical Slovene. The IMP language resources consist of a digital ...library, an annotated corpus and a lexicon, which are interlinked and uniformly encoded following the Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines. The library holds about 650 units (mostly complete books) consisting of facsimiles with 45,000 pages as well as hand-corrected and structured transcriptions. The hand-annotated corpus has 300,000 tokens, where each word is tagged with its modernised word form, lemma, part-of-speech and, in cases of archaic words, its nearest contemporary equivalents. This information was extracted into the lexicon, which also covers an extended target-annotated corpus, resulting in 20,000 lemmas (of these 4,000 archaic) with 50,000 modern word forms and 70,000 attested forms. We have also developed a program to modernise, tag and lemmatise historical Slovene, and annotated the digital library with it, producing an automatically annotated corpus of 15 million words. To serve the humanities, the digital library and lexicon are available for reading and browsing on the web and the corpora via a concordancer. For language technology research and development the resources are available in source TEI XML under the Creative Commons Attribution licence. The paper presents the IMP resources, available from http://nl.ijs.si/imp/, the process of their compilation, encoding and dissemination, and concludes with directions for future research.
The present monography entitled A Study of Slovenian Multi-Word Lexemes from a Lexicographical Perspective provides a typology of newer nominal multi-word lexemes with potential terminological ...meaning, based on the theory of Russian linguist N. M. Shanskiy which brings four precisely defined levels of semantic merger of their components. The analysis of individual components of multi-word lexemes from a morphological, syntactic and semantic perspective reveals typological tendencies of nominal multi-word lexemes which occurred especially in the last twenty years.The typology takes into account the causal relationship between the level of semantic transfer (of the components) of a multi-word lexeme on the one hand and the level of semantic merger of components of a multi-word lexeme and related lexicalization of a multi-word lexeme on the other hand, which is also reflected in the restricted collocability of their components. Lexicalized or non-lexicalized metaphorical and metonymic semantic transfers are contributing to the new semantic and syntactic combinations of individual words in the phrase, to the consequent integration of their meanings to form a single meaning of the multi-word lexeme and thus to a higher level of lexicalization and semantic firmness of a multi-word lexeme.
The Dictionary of Legal Terminology' shows the conceptual system of modern Slovenian law. In more than 10,000 dictionary entries, we present the terminology of contemporary Slovenian legal science, ...legal practice and legislation after 1991. The dictionary is primarily intended for legal experts, who practice various professions (including judges, lawyers, notaries, prosecutors as well as heads of HR and legal departments in companies). It is also intended for students of law and related sciences, in order to familiarize them with the conceptual system of Slovenian law in a professionally relevant manner. In order to use the dictionary efficiently at least a basic knowledge of law is required. This does not mean that journalists, translators, proof-readers and others who encounter legal terminology cannot use it. However, it should be borne in mind that definitions contained in a terminological dictionary are very concise and sufficiently informative only for an expert who is familiar with the conceptual system of a specific field of study, while other users are provided with a suitable starting point so they can find additional information if necessary.
2.2.3.1 Glede izvora vprasalne prislova kod »ubi, sklon *k (*ide. *k-i-s) (Bezlaj 1982: 27)) ter navaja razlicne razlage jezikoslovcev. kopecný (1980: 371-76) za vseslovanski zaimenski prislov iz ...oblik k?de (slovensko koder < kodè-ze), k?du, k?dy (slovensko narecn kodi), k?da (slovensko koda in ko- daj) podaja slovensko obliko kod, sh. kud in kasubsk k?d (kqdka, k?dka (prav tam: 371), skrajsan iz katerekoli od navedenih oblik.10 Omenja, da so pri tem prislovu izkazani vsi trije pomeni in laliko zamenjuje tudi kje in kam, za 'kam' ne v zahodno- slovanskih jezikih in slovenscini, za 'kje' je razsirjen v poljscini, makedonscini in bolgarscini (prav tam: 373-74). Snoj ima psl. oblike *kçdÿ, *kodä, *kçdë, *kçdê, ki vsebujejo ide. vprasalni zaimek *k"o- ali *k"u-. in pripone *-ndhe (ki je izvomo razlicica pripone *-dhe, znane v ide. *k"u-d* llc. psl. ki>de 'kje'), kar se je laliko razvilo iz ide. *k"u-ndllc ali *k "u-ndc 'kam, kod' (2003: 288). Vanda BABic navaja znacilne prislovne pripone, ki so se v stari cerkveni slovanscini dodajale zaimenskim korenom za razlic- no dolocitev osnovnih zaimenskih pomenov, npr. za mesto pripone -de, ki »zaznamuje mesto glagolskega dejanja ali stanja«, -amo, tudi -emo, -odu, tudi -?de s pomenom smeri premikanja, prva prvotno za priblizevanje (h komu ali cemu draga za odda- ljevanje (od koga ali cesa kasneje obe za priblizevanje, dmga s predlogom ot? tudi za oddaljevanje (kamo 'kam', k?du, k?de 'kod', ot? k?du 'od kod' (Babic 2003: 223). mAtAsovic izvaja psl. *kundä, kar je okamneli orodnik ednine osnove *kunda-, iz ide. kwu-ndh-oh1 (2008: 249). 2.2.3.3 V16. stol. je kod tako vprasalni kot nedolocni, oziralni prislov in se pojavlja v 17, 18 in 12 delih, obliko koda pa poznata le Krelj in Juricic {Besedje 2011: 185). Ablativne zveze od kod so izpricane,11 do kod pa ne. Svetokriski ima glasovni dvojnici kod/kot (ob glagolu hoditi), pozna pa tudi predlozno rabo od kot kod x stavkih z vzroc- nimpomenom (Snoj 2006: 403). Pohlin ne navaja oblike kod, umetn tvoijeni sta nje- govi predlozni obliki, homonimni s casovnima prislovoma odklej, daklej 'od kod, do kod', ki ju v drugi izdaji opusti. Gutsmanv slovnici navaja le obliko od kod, v slovaiju 10 »Enako pa vprasalni kod, od kod in od kei 'od kje', Kopitar in Vodnik imajo vse tri: kod, od/ do kod, Dajnko kodi, odkod, Küzmic pa odkud/otkut (Irena Orel 2001: 44), slovar iztocnic za '(od)kod' nima, edino oziralni kod pri Ko sien (1848) (Novak 2006: 184). Pletersnikov slovar ima za kod se glasovno varianto ked in oblike z dodanimi obrazili oz. deikticno clenico -/: koda (Krelj), kodaj (Kastelec), kodi in kodik (vzhodnostajersko),12 samo dokod: poleg odkod se odkodaj (Kastelec), kec (= odkod, Miklosic (iz ked-ci)). Drugace obliko odkec izvaja Ramovs: *ot-ked-si (Ramovs 1935: 192). 7.2 V govorjenem jeziku je iz besedilnih zgledov v primerjavi z gradivom za SLA ugotovljena zivahnejsa izmenjava vseh treh PVPZ. Upada predvsem raba PVPZ kod, ki izkazuje najstevilnejso zastopanost in prepletenost prostorskih pomenskih sestavin, a ga v prekmurskem narecju ne poznajo (razen v obliki odkec 'od kod'). Zamenjujeta ga mestovni kje in smerni kam (pri istih govorcih nastopata tudi dvojnicno), ali pa se njegova raba omejuje na izrazanje izhodisca dejanja (od kod), pretezno v pomenu izvora/vzrocnosti glagolskega dejanja. Pomensko ga s kje povezuje sicer redko izrazena mestovnost (staticnost), s kam usmerjenost (dinamicnost), odpravlja pa se specializacija s sestavino razmescenosti v prostor in usmerjenega gibanja po prostoru (perlativnosti), pri dodani ablativni in adlativni sestavini (od kje, do kje) pomen ze eksplicitno izrazata predloga in oblikovno razlikovanje ni nujno (kod -> kje, podobno tudi tod -> tu, ondi/onod -> tam; od kod -> od/iz kje, do kod -> do kje, vzporedno od/do tod/ondod -> od/do tam). Nasprotno se na nekaterih podrocjih (rovtarske NS, posamicno dvojnicno tudi dolenjske, primorske, stajerske kod posplos na izrazanje umescenosti v prostoru in zamenjuje PVPZ kje. Smerni kam se ohranja in redko prevzema vlogo zaiinkov kje in kod, razen za ciljno mejo (kod -> kam, do kod -> do kam). Most notable in the modem spoken language are the decline or abandomnent of use of the semantic heterogeneous and specific pronoun kod and generalisation of use of the locative pronoun kje for expressing spatial distribution (kod (biti, se nahajati) -> kje), which is, among other tilings, also characteristic of the literary language of the 20th century, as well as the perlative (kod (se premikati) 'where (to move)') -> kje), ablative (od kod 'from where' -> od/iz kje) and the rarely expressed adlative with kod 'where to' (do kod 'how far' -> do kje/kam in which the meaning is already explicitly expressed with the two propositions, making a fonnal distinction unnecessary. The pronoun kod 'where' is also replacing the indicative kam 'where (to)' (even within one speaker we can find a doublet, i.e. the use of both fonns), or else its use is limited to the expression of a starting point (odkod 'from where'), mainly in the sense of the origin/causality of the verbal act. By contrast, in some areas (the Rovte dialect group and, rarely, as a doublet in other dialects as well, except the Prekmurje dialect in the east, where the pronoun kod is not known, except for the pirrase od kejc 'where from'), kod 'where' lias been generalised to express positioning in space and replaces the pronoun kje 'where'. The directive kam 'where (to)'has been preserved and rarely assumes the role of the pronouns kje and kod, except for the final destination (kod -> kam, do kod -> do kam).
The article deals with the etymology of the Slovene place-name Trbiž (standard Slovene form), relating to a small settlement in the Canal Valley (Val Canale, North-Eastern Italy) in a traditionally ...multilingual area with people speaking Slovene, Friulian and Bavarian. The name’s contemporary dialectal variants are attested in the Gail Valley dialect and the Resian dialect of the Slovene language, as well as in the Carinthian dialects of Southern Bavarian (the contemporary Friulian form is a late adaptation of the Bavarian variant and thus irrelevant for the analysis). The extant Slovene dialectal forms lead to reconstruct a common Slovene prototype with a satisfactory Slavic etymology. However, for reasons of historical phonology, a Slavic starting point can hardly be the ultimate source of the Bavarian form, which makes it reasonable to conclude that both Slavic and Bavarian forms originate in a Romance (Old Friulian) place-name which must go back to some Pre-Romance source. We are thus probably dealing with an independent integration of the Romance source into the two superstratal linguistic systems in the region (viz. Slavic and Bavarian). In the context of the ethnic and linguistic history of the region, this scenario seems plausible, yet it is very difficult to establish the etymology of the postulated Pre-Romance form. The article provides a detailed analysis of its likely wordformation, which confirms a transparently Indo-European pedigree of the name and enables the author to isolate the stem that is most likely to be related to Celtic *taruo- ‘aurochs’. The author shows that the validity of this already familiar suggestion is etymologically feasible, the same etymon being also attested in the ancient place-name Taruisium in Northern Italy. Nevertheless, there exists a number of extralinguistic factors which prevent from considering this etymology as definitive.
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