A long-term study providing rare insights into the precarious career and ordinary working culture of professional footballers. Away from the celebrity-obsessed media gaze, the work of a professional ...footballer is rarely glamorous and for most players a career in football is insecure and short-lived.
A former professional, Martin Roderick's familiarity with the world of football is the foundation for this privileged research into a world that is typically closed to the public gaze and ignored by media reportage and academic research which prefers to focus on a small, unrepresentative group of elite players. Key themes explored within the text include:
the culture of work in professional football
the changing identity, orientation and expectations of players during their careers
the fragile and uncertain nature of professional sport careers
the performance and dramatic aspects of a career under public scrutiny
the role of relationships with managers, owners, support staff and partners
players' responses to the insecurities inherent in professional football such as injury, ageing, performance and transfer.
The text deals with a wide range of issues of interest to sports students and academics, particularly those with a focus on the sociology of sport but also including sport development, sport management and coaching studies. The text will also be of interest to researchers in the fields of careers, industrial relations and the sociology of work.
Expertise has been extensively studied in several sports over recent years. The specificities of how excellence is achieved in Association Football, a sport practiced worldwide, are being repeatedly ...investigated by many researchers through a variety of approaches and scientific disciplines.
The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise the most significant literature addressing talent identification and development in football. We identified the most frequently researched topics and characterised their methodologies.
A systematic review of Web of Science™ Core Collection and Scopus databases was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. The following keywords were used: "football" and "soccer". Each word was associated with the terms "talent", "expert*", "elite", "elite athlete", "identification", "career transition" or "career progression". The selection was for the original articles in English containing relevant data about talent development/identification on male footballers.
The search returned 2944 records. After screening against set criteria, a total of 70 manuscripts were fully reviewed. The quality of the evidence reviewed was generally excellent. The most common topics of analysis were (1) task constraints: (a) specificity and volume of practice; (2) performers' constraints: (a) psychological factors; (b) technical and tactical skills; (c) anthropometric and physiological factors; (3) environmental constraints: (a) relative age effect; (b) socio-cultural influences; and (4) multidimensional analysis. Results indicate that the most successful players present technical, tactical, anthropometric, physiological and psychological advantages that change non-linearly with age, maturational status and playing positions. These findings should be carefully considered by those involved in the identification and development of football players.
This review highlights the need for coaches and scouts to consider the players' technical and tactical skills combined with their anthropometric and physiological characteristics scaled to age. Moreover, research addressing the psychological and environmental aspects that influence talent identification and development in football is currently lacking. The limitations detected in the reviewed studies suggest that future research should include the best performers and adopt a longitudinal and multidimensional perspective.
Tomando como base la teoría de las necesidades psicológicas básicas el objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en poner a prueba un modelo en el que se analice la secuencia: percepción del estilo ...controlador del entrenador – frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas – malestar de los jugadores. 433 jóvenes futbolistas varones (Medad = 13.58 ± 0.56) respondieron a las variables de interés. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostraron que la percepción del estilo controlador predecía positivamente la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los futbolistas, lo que a su vez predecía positivamente su burnout, sus afectos negativos y sus síntomas de malestar físico y psicológico. Se encontraron efectos indirectos significativos del estilo interpersonal controlador del entrenador sobre los indicadores de malestar a través de la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Los resultados nos obligan a reflexionar sobre las consecuencias adversas que tienen los ambientes controladores creados por las figuras de autoridad en los jóvenes futbolistas.
Background. There are several published anthropometric equations to estimate body fat percentage (BF%), and this may prompt uncertainty about their application. Purpose. To analyze the accuracy of ...several anthropometric equations (developed in athletic AT and nonathletic NAT populations) that estimate BF% comparing them with DXA. Methods. We evaluated 131 professional male soccer players (body mass: 73.2±8.0 kg; height: 177.5±5.8 cm; DXA BF% median, 25th–75th percentile: 14.0, 11.9–16.4%) aged 18 to 37 years. All subjects were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and a whole body DXA scan. BF% was estimated through 14 AT and 17 NAT anthropometric equations and compared with the measured DXA BF%. Mean differences and 95% limits of agreement were calculated for those anthropometric equations without significant differences with DXA. Results. Five AT and seven NAT anthropometric equations did not differ significantly with DXA. From these, Oliver’s and Civar’s (AT) and Ball’s and Wilmore’s (NAT) equations showed the highest agreement with DXA. Their 95% limits of agreement ranged from −3.9 to 2.3%, −4.8 to 1.8%, −3.4 to 3.1%, and −3.9 to 3.0%, respectively. Conclusion. Oliver’s, Ball’s, Civar’s, and Wilmore’s equations were the best to estimate BF% accurately compared with DXA in professional male soccer players.
El objetivo de la investigación fue comparar la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (RPE) y la carga derivada de ella (RPE-TL) durante partidos amistosos (PA) con una participación de 45 minutos por ...jugador (PA.45) o superior a 65 minutos (PA+65), y diferentes tipos de sesión de entrenamiento: condición física (CF), táctica (TAC) y activación pre-partido (ACTV), en jugadores profesionales de fútbol. 12 futbolistas pertenecientes al mismo equipo (1ª división española) participaron en este estudio. La RPE fue registrada tras cada sesión de entrenamiento y PA, cuantificándose posteriormente la carga interna derivada de ella (RPE-TL). Los resultados reflejaron que los PA+65, tuvieron una RPE substancialmente mayor que los PA.45 (7.8 vs 6.8). Además, todos los tipos de sesión reflejaron una RPE y RPE-TL substancialmente inferior a los PA+65. Tan solo las sesiones de CF alcanzaron valores de RPE y RPE-TL superiores a los reflejados en los PA.45 (7.1 vs. 6.8 y 597 vs. 509 unidades arbitrarias respectivamente). Estos resultados nos muestran que las demandas perceptuales de la competición no fueron replicadas en los diferentes tipos de sesiones de entrenamiento analizadas. Por tanto, podría ser necesario aumentar el volumen y/o la exigencia de algunas sesiones de entrenamiento, para someter a los jugadores a una exigencia similar a la de la competición.
In modern professional soccer, the ability to recover from official match-play and intense training is often considered a determining factor in subsequent performance.
To investigate the influence of ...playing multiple games with a short recovery time between matches on physical activity, technical performance and injury rates.
The variation of physical (overall distance, light-intensity, low-intensity, moderate-intensity and high-intensity running) and technical performance (successful passes, balls lost, number of touches per possession and duels won) of 16 international players was examined during three different congested periods of matches (six games in 18 days) from the French League and Cup (n=12), and the UEFA Champions' League (n=6) during the 2011-2012 season and compared with that reported in matches outside these periods. Data were collected using a computerised match analysis system (Amisco). Injury rate, time loss injuries, as well as the mechanism, circumstances and severity of the injury were also analysed.
No differences were found across the six successive games in the congested period, and between no congested and the three congested periods for all the physical and technical activities. The total incidence of injury (matches and training) across the prolonged congested periods did not differ significantly to that reported in the non-congested periods. However, the injury rate during match-play was significantly higher during the congested period compared with the non-congested period (p<0.001). The injury rate during training time was significantly lower during the congested period compared with the non-congested periods (p<0.001). The mean lay-off duration for injuries was shorter during the congested periods compared with the non-congested periods (9.5±8.8 days vs 17.5±29.6 days, respectively p=0.012, effect sizes=0.5).
Although physical activity, technical performance and injury incidence were unaffected during a prolonged period of fixture congestion, injury rates during training and match-play and the lay-off duration were different to that reported in matches outside this period.
BÉLA GUTTMANN E O FUTEBOL NO SÉCULO XX de Oliveira, Luiz Felipe; de Camargo, Wagner Xavier
Recorde, revista de história do esporte,
07/2017, Letnik:
10, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Parte significativa da história do futebol foi construída sobre a trajetória de grandes técnicos: toda uma geração de torcedores brasileiros lembra, nostalgicamente, dos feitos de Telê Santana, que ...desenvolveu, para muitos, o futebol mais próximo da perfeição estética.3 Sir Alex Ferguson, por outro lado, preocupado mais com a competitividade de suas equipes do que com a beleza do jogo, é o principal responsável por alçar o cambaleante Manchester United ao posto de marca mais importante do futebol globalizado (TWEEDALE, 2017). Após circular por diversos países e clubes, seja como jogador ou como técnico, Guttmann desembarca - com gigantesca experiência advinda de tais contextos - na capital paulista para treinar o São Paulo Futebol Clube, no ano de 1957.5 A formação tática desenvolvida pelo húngaro no time paulistano (a saber, o 4-2-4) não apenas conseguiu resultados fantásticos, transformando a equipe em uma máquina de fazer gols, campeã do título estadual, como foi utilizado por Vicente Feola, técnico da seleção nacional, na campanha que resultou no primeiro título mundial do Brasil, em 1958. Enquanto o outsider deste sociólogo pode ser suscintamente definido como referente àquele que não vive de acordo com certa regra de determinado grupo, sendo um desviante que se encontra além das margens de tal grupo, o uso de Claussen tende a significar "azarão". Manchester United return to top of rich list, ending Real Madrid's 11-year hold on first place.
Para la evaluación de las competencias psicológicas de los deportistas se han empleado diferentes instrumentos como los cuestionarios estandarizados, las técnicas de autoinforme construidas ad hoc o ...las anamnesis; aunque son estas últimas las que incluyen el mayor rango de conductas que definen el rendimiento deportivo y aquellas respuestas o estados que influyen en el mismo. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue crear un instrumento de evaluación con formato de entrevista semi-estructurada que recogiera todas aquellas necesidades de trabajo psicológico que pudieran tener los porteros de fútbol como jugadores específicos. La entrevista semi-estructurada se ha sometido a juicio de 4 expertos para su adecuación, así como el análisis de validez de los productos de la misma, a través de su aplicación a 4 porteros profesionales o semi-profesionales de fútbol, obteniendo niveles adecuados en ambos procedimientos. La naturaleza idiográfica de la entrevista creada permite obtener una visión específica y completa de la situación y contexto del portero de fútbol. Esta herramienta permitirá el diseño de programas de intervención orientados a una mejoría tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa de éstos deportistas concretos.
In Soccer in American Culture: The Beautiful Game's Struggle for Status, G. Edward White seeks to answer two questions. The first is why the sport of soccer failed to take root in the United States ...when it spread from England around much of the rest of the world in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The second is why the sport has had a significant renaissance in America since the last decade of the twentieth century, to the point where it is now the 4th largest participatory sport in the United States and is thriving, in both men's and women's versions, at the high school, college, and professional levels. White considers the early history of "Association football" (soccer) in England, the persistent struggles by the sport to establish itself in America for much of the twentieth century, the role of public high schools and colleges in marginalizing the sport, the part played by FIFA, the international organization charged with developing soccer around the globe, in encumbering the development of the sport in the United States, and the unusual history of women's soccer in America, which evolved in the twentieth century from a virtually nonexistent sport to a major factor in the emergence of men's-as well as women's-soccer in the U.S. in the twentieth century. Incorporating insights from sociology and economics, White explores the multiple factors that have resulted in the sport of soccer struggling to achieve major status in America and why it currently has nothing like the cultural impact of other popular American sports-baseball and American football- which can be seen by the comparative lack of attention paid to it in sports media, its low television ratings, and virtually nonexistent radio broadcast coverage.
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