Our modern legal system is based on the principle of equality. But is equality perhaps not also a concept that inadequately describes the complexity of normative orders? Highly differentiated ...societies with a multitude of collective identities and functional rationalities are in a permanent state of tension with this legal postulate. The contributions to this volume examine how this tension has developed in Europe and Latin America over the last 200 years
Reconsidering Migration and Class Van Hear, Nicholas
The International migration review,
09/2014, Letnik:
48, Številka:
s1
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While once a mainstay of social science, class has lately been eclipsed in much of migration studies by consideration of other forms of social difference, affinity, and allegiance such as ethnicity, ...gender, generation, and lately religion. This article puts the case for renewing attention on the part class plays in shaping migration – particularly who is able to move and to where. It argues that the form of migration and ultimately its outcomes are shaped by the resources that would‐be migrants can muster and that in turn the capacity to mobilize such resources is largely determined by socio‐economic background or class. Drawing on Bourdieu, class can be conceived in terms of the disposal of different forms of capital – economic, social, and cultural. Having access to combinations of such capital shapes the routes and channels migrants can follow, the destinations they can reach, and their life chances after migration. The article first reflects briefly on ideas of class in social science and sketches treatment of mobility in the migration literature, before considering the ways in which class, mobility, and immobility shape each other. The article concludes by considering the interplay between migration, class, and collective action among those who move and those who stay, against the background of broader currents of social change and transformation.
This article seeks to develop transformative social and emotional learning (SEL), a form of SEL intended to promote equity and excellence among children, young people, and adults. We focus on issues ...of race/ethnicity as a first step toward addressing the broader range of extant inequities. Transformative SEL is anchored in the notion of justice-oriented citizenship, and we discuss issues of culture, identity, agency, belonging, and engagement as relevant expressions of the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning 5 core competencies. We also point to programs and practices that hold promise for cultivating these competencies and the importance of adult professional development in making these efforts maximally effective for diverse children and youth. We conclude by offering a few next steps to further advance transformative SEL research and practice.
The recent outbreak of Covid-19 has led to a fairly general disapproval of city residents taking refuge in the countryside. However, flight in such circumstances has been hotly debated for centuries, ...raising the question of the balance between private and collective interests. In many sixteenth-century treatises, flight is mostly advocated in the event of a plague (with the nagging repetition of the three Latin adverbs, cito, “quickly” for departure, longe, “far” for destination, tarde, “late” for return). The position of several theologians (such as Ludwig Bär or Ludwig Lavater) is, however, ambivalent and several authors (such as Jean-Jacques Manget) are not in favour of those who hold public office departing. Finally, while the removal of wealthy inhabitants was never really contested, that of the poor was rather prohibited. Father Maurice de Tolon, in Le Capucin charitable (1662), even recommended a general lockdown for them. However, from the end of the 16th century, a few heterodox voices were heard. Against the vast majority of doctors and ecclesiastical authorities, authors such as Silvestro Fazio and Lorenzo Condio supported what they themselves presented as a paradox, in order to convince their fellow citizens to renounce flight: the non-contagiousness of the plague. There were religious motivations behind this stance, but also new ethical and political considerations.
This article reexamines the thesis that marriage is becoming deinstitutionalized. It first reviews relevant theoretical literature on social institutions, including the “new institutionalism” and the ...work of Bourdieu on cultural capital. It addresses the great social class differences that have emerged in American family life over the past few decades and their implications for the deinstitutionalization thesis. It then evaluates the thesis, with these conclusions: What has happened in recent years to the place of marriage in the broader field of intimate partnerships is consistent with the deinstitutionalization thesis, although primarily among the non‐college‐educated. In contrast, marriage still plays a central role in the field of intimate partnerships among the college‐educated. Moreover, the behavior of partners within marriage has not change enough to conclude the deinstitutionalization has occurred. The article also examines related claims about marriage and individualism, the concept of capstone marriage, and same‐sex marriage.
Why Status Matters for Inequality Ridgeway, Cecilia L.
American sociological review,
02/2014, Letnik:
79, Številka:
1
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To understand the mechanisms behind social inequality, this address argues that We need to more thoroughly incorporate the effects of status—inequality based on differences in esteem and ...respect—alongside those based on resources and power. As a micro motive for behavior, status is as significant as money and power. At a macro level, status stabilizes resource and power inequality by transforming it into cultural status beliefs about group differences regarding who is "better" (esteemed and competent). But cultural status beliefs about which groups are "better" constitute group differences as independent dimensions of inequality that generate material advantages due to group membership itself. Acting through microlevel social relations in workplaces, schools, and elsewhere, status beliefs bias evaluations of competence and suitability for authority, bias associational preferences, and evoke resistance to status challenges from low-status group members. These effects accumulate to direct members of higher status groups toward positions of resources and power while holding back lower status group members. Through these processes, status writes group differences such as gender, race, and class-based life style into organizational structures of resources and power, creating durable inequality. Status is thus a central mechanism behind durable patterns of inequality based on social differences.
Achievement Gaps in the Wake of COVID-19 Bailey, Drew H.; Duncan, Greg J.; Murnane, Richard J. ...
Educational researcher,
06/2021, Letnik:
50, Številka:
5
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A survey targeting education researchers conducted in November 2020 provides forecasts of how much achievement gaps between low- and high-income students in U.S elementary schools will change as a ...result of COVID-related disruptions to in-class instruction and family life. Relative to a pre-COVID achievement gap of 1.00 SD, respondents’ median forecasts for the jump in the achievement gaps in elementary school by spring 2021 were large–a change from 1.00 to 1.30 and 1.25 SD for math and reading achievement. Forecasts were similar for 2022. Although forecasts were heterogeneous, respondents showed overwhelming consensus that gaps would grow. We discuss implications for strategies to reduce learning gaps exacerbated by the pandemic as well as the mental models researchers appear to employ in making their forecasts.
RIACHOS E RIOS URBANOS Rocha de Santana, Letícia; Martin Lucena de Miranda Gomes, Ranulfo; Da Silva, Joelmir Marques
Revista brasileira de geografia física,
01/2024, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Em um sistema urbano historicamente desigual como o de Recife, diferentes realidades hídricas se sobrepõem para a construção da cidade anfíbia. Nesse sentido, mesmo a água sendo um elemento abundante ...na paisagem recifense, as pessoas estabelecem relações distintas, a depender do território que está inserida e a classe social a que pertence. Assim sendo, objetivou-se com este artigo discutir as desigualdades socioterritoriais da cidade do Recife a partir da relação entre a população e os corpos d’água. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica que abarcou a compreensão do território recifense e a interação dos indivíduos com a natureza, bem como visitas in loco de forma a subsidiar e elucidar as análises teóricas.
Objective: Characterize the prevalence and dimensions of student food insecurity and the associations with academic performance. Participants: An online survey was distributed (November 2017) to ...13,897 undergraduates at a midsized, New Jersey Public University; 2,055 (15%) responded. Methods: Demographic, behavioral, and food security data from University IT services, and the survey were combined in a single dataset. The USDA food security index was adapted to assess food insecurity. Results: Forty-eight percent of students were food insecure. Odds were higher for: women, African Americans, Hispanics, students with partial or no meal plan, commuters, and students receiving financial assistance. Food insecurity increased the odds of being among the lower 10% GPA and reduced the odds of being among the upper 10% GPA. Conclusions: Food insecurity among university students is high and is associated with academic performance. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this relationship is essential to design programs to address this problem.
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