Water resources management is one of the crucial issues in people’s lives, especially in areas where disasters often occur. Mount Merapi, as one of the active volcanoes in its area, is also a forest ...ecosystem in which the water source fulfills household, agriculture, and other basic needs; after the 2010 Merapi eruption, several springs were covered with eruptive material, destroying the water distribution pipeline. The post-eruption government policy was to reorganize the Merapi area and designate several areas (villages) to become Disaster-Prone Areas (Kawasan Rawan Bencana/KRB) and Directly Affected Areas (Area Terdampak Langsung). Establishing inter-village cooperation in water management at Merapi KRB is inseparable from this location’s local wisdom and social institutions. Local wisdom and social institutions become the reinforcement and strength of cooperation between villages amid various regulatory challenges and formal structures from regional and central governments. This is interesting because a dynamic interplay exists between local wisdom, social institutions, and state legal structures that contribute to forming new institutions for managing water resources in disaster-prone areas.
We are extremely honored to present this special issue on "Gender, Disability, and Intersectionality." Working on this project has been a privilege as we have been able to see the theoretical ...sophistication, range of topics and methodological innovation evident in contemporary sociologists' contributions to research in feminist disability studies. As we embarked on this project, we recognized how important it is for Gender & Society, as a leading gender studies journal, to feature the intersectional scholarship of feminist disability studies scholars. Informed by black feminist analysis of black women's lives, and conceptualization of intersectionality enables a complex understanding of the ways in which race, gender, class, sexuality, and ability among other dimensions of social, cultural, political, and economic processes intersect to shape everyday experiences and social institutions.
How does material culture matter for institutions? Material objects are increasingly prominent in sociological research, but current studies offer limited insight for how material objects matter to ...institutional processes. We build on sociological insights to theorize aesthetic style, a shared pattern of material object presence and usage among a cluster of organizations in an institutional field. We use formal relational methods and a survey of material objects from religious congregations to uncover the aesthetic styles that are part of the “logics of god” in the United States’ Christian religious field. We argue aesthetic styles help structure an institutional field by spanning objects’ meanings across space and time, stabilizing objects’ authority, and demarcating symbolic boundaries. Our research provides a conceptual tool for understanding how objects bridge the material and symbolic dimensions of institutions and a methodological example for examining the meaning of objects across numerous organizations in an institutional field.
INCREASING THE ACTIVITY OF LOCAL SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO REDUCE JUVENIL DELINQUENCY IN RURAL AREAS. The economic improvement of the community in Temuwuh Village along with the development of the ...home-based wooden handicraft turned out to create a number of social problems. These problems occurred due to economic improvement that was not accompanied by increasing in the quality of human resources, especially the younger generation. These problems were: 1) the emergence of various juvenile delinquency, 2) decreasing number of adolescents to continue higher education despite being economically capable, 3) the lack of local institutions social activity, and 4) the lack of participation by the youth in the local social activities. The general objectives of the Community Service Program were (1) increase the activity of local social institutions, especially those based on religion and cultural arts, so they become more positive and guided, (2) improve knowledge and role of the community to identify the potential of their adolescents, and (3) provide character education for adolescents in particular and all members of society in general. To achieve these targets according to the existing problems, a number of activities have been done including: 1) Socialization and counseling of youth potential and character education with counseling, religious studies, and intensive discussion, 2) Skills training for local social institutions with a) training gamelan for karawitan groups and b) training in reading the Qur'an and Islamic art for TPA groups, and 3) Assistance for local social group activities with a) intensive discussion and b) green walk.
•Guided by institutional anomie theory, we propose national-level factors and maintain that these distinct emerging markets contextual aspects impact firm bribery behavior differently.•Multilevel ...tests showed that these selected national-level social institutions negatively moderate the relationship between women’s firm ownership and bribery activity.•As small-sized women-owned firms face different sets of challenges in emerging markets, empowerment remains a vital agenda item from the perspective of policymakers and organizations.•This study makes new contributions to enhance understanding of bribery, women empowerment, and small firms literature.
While the firm bribery phenomenon has received much attention, we do not yet know how women-owned firms deal with firm bribery. We, therefore, examined whether women’s firm ownership is positively related to firm bribery in emerging markets. We hypothesized that bribery may represent an avenue for women-owned firms to tackle obstacles unique to such markets. We base our arguments on institutional anomie theory’s (IAT) premise that firm bribery is the outcome of barriers to achievement. Additionally, we examined institutional moderators. Using a sample of firms from the Business Environment Survey and combining it with country-level data, our multilevel tests supported most of our cross-level hypotheses. Findings suggest that women's ownership in a firm alone has no significant effect on firm bribing behavior. However, this firm-level relationship is negatively moderated by three social institutions consistent with IAT. Implications of our findings and future research are discussed.
How does gender accountability vary? We theorize that reduced perceptions by others of one’s gender, or reduced external assessments of gender accountability, create more space for the cultivation of ...nonbinary subjectivities. We use the shelter-in-place period of the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment during which major social institutions such as work and school changed and thus shifted gender accountability. Through interviews with a racially diverse sample of 22 U.S. adults who came out as nonbinary or genderfluid during this time period, we examine their experiences and understandings of this change in gender accountability. Participants described relief from relentless gender assessments as well as space for self-reflection and gender experimentation. Less stringent external assessments at work and school, especially the reduction of constant in-person evaluations of gender expression, produced new gender subjectivities that resisted binary understandings of gender. This study explores the nuance, variability, and situational character of gender accountability. We argue that in-person full-body gender assessments are a powerful component of gender accountability and that relief from gender accountability at work and school may be particularly liberating.
Plain Language Summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people came out as nonbinary or genderfluid. We interviewed 22 U.S. adults who started to identify as nonbinary or genderfluid during the shelter-in-place period of the pandemic. There were social aspects of the pandemic, such as increased free time, time alone, and opportunity to experiment with one’s gender, that impacted the people we interviewed. One of the things that stood out was that interviewees discussed how working and doing school from home allowed them to be less concerned about people assessing their gender all day long. Because they were not interacting with people like coworkers and other students, who would see their full-body gender expression in person, they felt a sense of relief and freedom that allowed them to explore nonbinary gender identities.
Theories and concepts for understanding the political logic of social movements' everyday activities, particularly those which relate directly to political goals, have been increasingly important ...since the late 1970s. The notion of 'prefigurative politics' is becoming established in this debate and refers to scenarios where protesters express the political 'ends' of their actions through their 'means', or where they create experimental or 'alternative' social arrangements or institutions. Both meanings share the idea that prefiguration anticipates or partially actualises goals sought by movements. This article uses narratives and observations gathered in social movement 'free spaces', autonomous social centres in Barcelona, to evaluate, critique and rearticulate the concept. Participants' attention to the 'means' through which protest is carried out and emphasis on projects such as experimentation with alternative social and organisational forms suggest they engage in prefigurative politics. However, the article uses these examples to dispute the key ways through which prefiguration has been defined, arguing that it can better be deployed in referring to the relations, and tensions, between a set of political priorities. Understood as such, prefigurative politics combines five processes: collective experimentation, the imagining, production and circulation of political meanings, the creating of new and future-oriented social norms or 'conduct', their consolidation in movement infrastructure, and the diffusion and contamination of ideas, messages and goals to wider networks and constituencies.
•Climate change reduces gender equality.•Gendered disparities in climate change vulnerability drive this process.•A state's wealth, politics, and agricultural dependence influence the ...impact.•Adaptation and mitigation policies should also include attention to gender issues.
It is commonly accepted that women can be more vulnerable than men to the adverse environmental effects of climate change. This paper evaluates whether the unequal distribution of costs women bear as a result of climate change are reflected across broader macro-social institutions to the detriment of gender equality and women's rights. It argues that gender disparities in climate change vulnerability not only reflect preexisting gender inequalities, they also reinforce them. Inequalities in the ownership and control of household assets and rising familial burdens due to male out-migration, declining food and water access, and increased disaster exposure can undermine women's ability to achieve economic independence, enhance human capital, and maintain health and wellbeing. Consequences for gender equality include reductions in intra-household bargaining power, as women become less capable of generating independent revenue. Outside the home, norms of gender discrimination and gender imbalances in socio-economic status should increase as women are less able to participate in formal labor markets, join civil society organizations, or collectively mobilize for political change. The outcome of these processes can reduce a society's level of gender equality by increasing constraints on the advancement of laws and norms that promote co-equal status. I empirically test this relationship across a sample of developing states between 1981 and 2010. The findings suggest that climate shocks and climatic disasters exert a broadly negative impact on gender equality, as deviations from long-term mean temperatures and increasing incidence of climatological and hydro-meteorological disasters are associated with declines in women's economic and social rights. These effects appear to be most salient in states that are relatively less-democratic, with greater dependence on agriculture, and lower levels of economic development.
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