This paper analyzes a fully funded social security system under the assumption that agents face temptation issues. Agents are required to save through individually managed Personal Security Accounts ...without, and with mandatory annuitization. When the analysis is restricted to CRRA preferences our results are congruent with the literature in indicating that the complete elimination of social security is among the reform scenarios that maximize welfare. However, when self control preferences are introduced, and as the intensity of self control becomes progressively more severe the “social security elimination” scenario loses ground very rapidly. In fact, in the case of relatively severe temptation the elimination of social security becomes the least desirable alternative. Under the light of the above findings, any reform proposal regarding the social security system should consider departures from standard preferences to preference specifications suitable for dealing with preference reversals.
► We analyze fully and partially funded social security with self-control agents (78). ► Reform scenarios entail savings via PSAs without, and with mandatory annuitization (82). ► Under CRRA preferences social security elimination is among the best reform scenarios (85). ► Even with mildly severe self-control preferences elimination rapidly loses its appeal (85). ► Self-control issues prove critical in assessing welfare from social security reform (83).
In this paper we study the dimension of time in social security, namely, the requirement of claimants to adopt a particular temporality in return for entitlements. We focus on the temporal rules and ...mandates of Universal Credit (UC), a unified benefit in the United Kingdom that delivers payment to claimants through a dynamic, automated means-testing system. UC imposes temporality through a monthly assessment period, a unit of time that UC has made infrastructural through an automated payment system. From our empirical study, we offer two sets of examples of how UC’s particular temporality shapes claimant experience of the benefit. In these cases, the monthly assessment period conflicts with other temporalities that claimants must contend with — those set by employers through their employer payment cycle, in one, and the timeframes dictated by childcare providers and the practical needs of people with young children in the other. In both cases, a temporal mismatch leads to a loss of entitlement, a phenomenon we call temporal punitiveness.
El presente estudio evalúa la mediación del software GeoGebra en la retroalimentación de problemas de optimización con la aplicación de la derivada en estudiantes de ingeniería agroforestal acuícola ...de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia (UNIA) en Perú. Se aplica la metodología basada en la comprensión, representación figural, reflexión y satisfacción, desarrollo analítico-algebraico y visualización gráfica mediada por GeoGebra, y tiene un diseño mixto con enfoque del conectivismo y semiótica. Las estrategias didácticas son: resolución de problemas contextualizados, desarrollo analítico-algebraico, visualización gráfica y algebraica de la función modelo, y reflexión ligada a la satisfacción del estudiante. Los resultados muestran que el diagnóstico de entrada y salida indican una mejora significativa en la comprensión de los estudiantes respecto a los problemas con calificaciones medias de 11.23 a 15.86 respectivamente. Se concluye que la mediación del Geogebra permite mejorar el desempeño de los estudiantes mediante una variabilidad de la sinopsis matemática y la matematización de las situaciones problemas.
Durante los últimos ocho años, los Cursos Masivos On line en abierto (MOOC) se han consolidado como una modalidad formativa on-line. Este artículo presenta un estudio de las publicaciones científicas ...indexadas en la base de datos Scopus sobre MOOC. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar aportaciones de la investigación científica desde 2016 hasta 2019. Para ello se realizó una revisión de la base de datos aplicando un algoritmo de búsqueda basado en un criterio preestablecido. Los datos obtenidos se exploraron desde una perspectiva cuantitativa para después aplicar un análisis cualitativo de las aportaciones de cada uno de los documentos. Los resultados obtenidos evidencias una creciente evolución de la producción hasta 2019, año en el que se aprecia un cambio de tendencia. También identifica las investigaciones, autores e instituciones de referencia en la materia. El análisis de contenido permite establecer la prevalencia de investigaciones en el ámbito de la pedagogía, centradas en cuestiones técnicas y metodológicas. A partir de ello, se concluye que el MOOC es un producto formativo que mantiene un alto interés científico, y que las investigaciones generan conocimiento en diferentes ámbitos, pero siempre con un denominador común: la mejora del producto formativo.
I study the role of social security in providing insurance when there is adverse selection in the annuity market. I calculate welfare gain from mandatory annuitization in the social security system ...relative to a laissez-faire benchmark, using a model in which individuals have private information about their mortality. I estimate large heterogeneity in mortality using the Health and Retirement Study. Despite that, I find small welfare gain from mandatory annuitization. Social security has a large effect on annuity prices because it crowds out demand by high-mortality individuals. Welfare gain would have been significantly larger in the absence of this effect.
Optimal social security design needs to look at the tradeoff between risk and return of retirement benefits. Munnell and Sass provide an excellent and lucid exposition of the issues which arise when ...seeking higher returns through riskier benefit designs. This is the book to turn to in order to review international experience so as to understand the pluses and minuses of equities. –J. Michael Orszag, Head of Research, Watson Wyatt LLP
Many claimants of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) retain legal representation to help with the approval process. The Social Security Administration imposes strict rules on representative ...compensation. Representatives are only paid if claimants are awarded disability, and they are paid the lesser of 25 percent of the claimant’s past due benefits or a pre-specified maximum fee ($7,200 since 2022). Because past due benefits are a function of the number of months claimants wait to be awarded, representatives face incentives to delay case resolution until past due benefits push the representative fees past the fee ceiling. We use difference-in-differences to evaluate how these incentives impact SSDI claimant wait times. After the fee ceiling increased in 2002, average wait times increased by 0.85 months among claimants for whom the fee threshold is more binding, implying a 2.6–5.6 month increase for claimants with representatives. This indicates that the structure of representative compensation does matter for case outcomes, and highlights the importance of interactions with auxiliary agents so common in modern social programs.
•Fees for SSDI representatives are a function of claimant wait time.•In theory, this incentivizes representatives to delay case resolution.•Representative fees are subject to a cap and the SSA raised that cap in 2002.•Using difference-in-differences we estimate the effect of that change on wait time.•We find average wait times increased by 0.85 months among more affected claimants.•This implies a 2.6–5.6 month increase for claimants with representatives.•The structure of representative compensation matters for case outcomes.
PDF
