Cosmopolitan Europe Western, John
c2011., 2012, 20160513, 2016-05-13, 2016-05-18, 2012-06-01, 20120101
eBook
The past hundred years of Europe are distilled in the experiences of the citizens of Strasbourg. From the turn of the twentieth century until 1945, Europe's ruling idea of nationalism rendered ...Strasbourg/Straßburg the prize in a tug-of-war between the two greatest continental powers, France and Germany. Then, in the immediate post-war period, ideals for European unity set up various European institutions, some headquartered in Strasbourg, which have gradually created a partially supranational Europe. At the end of the 1950s, a third theme arises: the large-scale settling in Strasbourg and other such richer, western European cities of persons from poorer lands, frequently ex-colonial territories, whose appearance and cultural practices render them essentially "different" to local eyes: expressions of racism thereby jostle with professions of multiculturalism. Now in the globalisation era, the issue of "immigration" has broadened yet further into transnationalism: the experience of persons who are embedded in varying manner in both Strasbourg and in their land of origin. Based on in-depth, lively interviews with 80 men and 80 women ranging from 101 to 20 years, and from all over the world (France, Germany, Alsace-Lorraine, Portugal, Italy, ex-Yugoslavia, Albania, Algeria, Morocco, Turkey, Cameroon, and Afghanistan amongst other countries), the author draws out of these compelling testimonies all sorts of compelling insights into issues of identity, race, nationality, culture, politics, heritage and representation, giving a unique and valuable view of what it means (and has meant over the past century) to be a European.
Beyond Expulsion is a history of Jewish-Christian interactions in early modern Strasbourg, a city from which the Jews had been expelled and banned from residence in the late fourteenth century. This ...study shows that the Jews who remained in the Alsatian countryside continued to maintain relationships with the city and its residents in the ensuing period. During most of the sixteenth century, Jews entered Strasbourg on a daily basis, where they participated in the city's markets, litigated in its courts, and shared their knowledge of Hebrew and Judaica with Protestant Reformers. By the end of the sixteenth century, Strasbourg became an increasingly orthodox Lutheran city, and city magistrates and religious leaders sought to curtail contact between Jews and Christians. This book unearths the active Jewish participation in early modern society, traces the impact of the Reformation on local Jews, discusses the meaning of tolerance, and describes the shifting boundaries that divided Jewish and Christian communities.
The Book of Donors for Strasbourg cathedral is an extraordinary medieval document dating from ca. 1320-1520, with 6,954 entries from artisan, merchant and aristocratic classes. This study is the ...first to comprehensively analyse the unpublished Book of Donors manuscript and show the types and patterns of gifts made to the cathedral. It also compares these gift entries with those in earlier obituary records kept by the cathedral canons, as well as other medieval obituary notices kept by parish churches and convents in Strasbourg. Analysis of the Book of Donors notes the increase of personal details and requests in fifteenth-century entries and discusses the different memorial opportunities available to the devout. This study draws a vivid picture of life in late medieval Strasbourg as seen through the lens of devotional and memorial practices, and will be of particular interest to scholars of art history, memory, and medieval urban life.
This paper is the first to present the main geochemical characteristics of the native brines collected from all the geothermal wells penetrating the granite basement underlying the sedimentary cover, ...in the Upper Rhine Graben. These deep wells (from 2580 to 5000m) were only drilled in four geothermal sites (Soultz-sous-Forêts and Rittershoffen in France; Landau and Insheim in Germany). The Na–Cl geothermal brine samples collected from the granite returned TDS values ranging from 99 to 107g/l with pH values close to 5, along with Cl and Br concentrations and δD, δ18O and δ34S values that indicate a multiple origin with mixing between primary brine formed by advanced evaporation of seawater (probably until the stage of halite precipitation) and dilute meteoric water, plus contributions from halite dissolution following successive marine transgression-regression cycles from the Triassic to the Oligocene. Chemical, isotopic and gas geothermometers indicate concordant reservoir temperatures close to 225±25°C for all the fluids, even though the maximum temperature so far measured on site is 200°C. An exhaustive literature review has indicated that only the geothermal brine from the deep Cronenbourg well (2870m) ending in the Buntsandstein has similar chemical and isotopic compositions (apart from Br and Ca) to the fluids from the granite, with an identical estimation of reservoir temperature from geothermometry. Geothermal brine from the deep Bruchsal well (2540m), drilled down to the junction of the Buntsandstein and the Saxo-Thuringian formations, has a higher TDS value (120–125g/l) with its chemical and isotopic compositions giving a lower estimation of reservoir temperature (190±25°C). By contrast, geothermal brine from the Bühl well (2655m) ending in the Buntsandstein has an even higher TDS value of about 201g/l and a lower temperature-at-depth estimation of 110±25°C, close to the temperature measured on site (115°C). The above results indicate that the geothermal fluids collected from the granite probably originate from Triassic sedimentary formations located at great depth (≥4km) with temperatures close to 225±25°C in the centre of the Rhine Graben, but that their different TDS and Cl/Br values reflect the presence of several distinct geothermal reservoirs. Many discrepancies due to high-temperature water-rock interactions are revealed on comparing the chemical and isotopic compositions of the hot brines with those of cooler brines from Bühl and the Landau Eocene–Oligocene oilfield wells, among others. The hottest brines are much enriched in K, Ca, SiO2, Li, Rb, Cs, As, Sr, Ba, Mn, Nd, U and in metals such as Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, Cd, Sb, but are depleted mainly in Mg, SO4 and B and have much lower isotopic Li and B signatures. The He isotopic signatures of the gases associated with these fluids (R/Ratm. = 0.128 at Bruchsal and 0.252 at Insheim) confirm that the thermal anomalies are mainly crustal and not mantle-derived (1.46% and 2.88% of mantellic He, respectively, for the two sites). Thus it is concluded that the thermal anomalies are associated mainly with the convective circulation of hot fluids along probable NE–SW faults between the graben's deep sedimentary centre and the fractured granite basement at its edges. Moreover, the western part of the Upper Rhine Graben (the Landau, Insheim, Soultz, Rittershoffen and Cronenbourg sites) seems to be hotter than the eastern part (Bruchsal and Bühl). According to the U-Th isotope system, the minimum transit time of these deep geothermal brines would be about 1000years.
•First paper to present geochemical data of hot brines from the Rhine Graben basement.•Geothermometers indicate reservoir temperatures of 225±25°C for all these brines.•Convective brine circulation from the graben Triassic center to the granite basement.•The different TDS and Cl/Br ratios suggest distinct geothermal reservoirs.•The western part of the Upper Rhine Graben is hotter than the eastern part at depth.
Drawing on extensive archival research, this study of Protestantism in Strasbourg (1870-1914) rethinks traditional understandings of the relationship between religion and European urban modernity. ...Not only did the city's faith communities exploit modern means to promote the faith, but they also sought to make the community itself more modern.
For six terror-filled weeks in 1870 German armies bombarded Strasbourg, killing hundreds of citizens, wounding thousands, and destroying landmarks. Rachel Chrastil tells how the city became the ...epicenter of a new kind of warfare whose indiscriminate violence shocked contemporaries and led to debates over the wartime protection of civilians.
SUMMARY
Between 2019 November and 2021 July, four induced earthquakes of local magnitude equal to or greater than than three were felt by the population of Strasbourg, France. These events were ...related to activity at the deep geothermal site GEOVEN located in Vendenheim in the northern suburb area of the city of Strasbourg. The first earthquake, with a local magnitude (Mlv) of 3.0, occurred on 2019 November 12, at the same depth as the bottom of the wells (approximately 4 km) but 5 km to the south. The second (Mlv 3.6) occurred a year later, on 2020 December 4, below the wells, and led to the termination of the project by the authorities. The third (Mlv 3.3) was initiated three weeks after shut-in on 2021 January 22, while the largest earthquake to date (Mlv 3.9) occurred on 2021 June 26, more than 6 months after shut-in. We constrained these four events’ absolute locations using a 3-D velocity model of the area and here present regional intensity maps. We estimated moment magnitude and focal mechanism trough waveform inversion and inferred the fault plane activated during the largest event from an analysis of rupture directivity effects in the recorded waveforms. Our analysis highlights the existence of a critically stressed fault that hosted three of these widely felt events. We show how the derived source properties of these four earthquakes are directly linked to ground shaking observations at the surface. Notably, we demonstrate how earthquake moment, location, direction of rupture and stress drop impact the regional intensity distribution. Our results suggest that the traffic light system could benefit from including ground shaking scenarios based on realistic subsurface properties and potential earthquake source models.
Rare fungal pathogens are emerging as agents of invasive fungal infections. We analyzed 13 cases of fungal infections caused by Kazachstania (Arxiozyma) spp. in Strasbourg University Hospital, ...Strasbourg, France. Among the cases, 4 patients had proven fungal disease (3 cases of invasive fungal disease and 1 mucocutaneous infection) and 9 were colonized by Kazachstania (Arxiozyma) spp. Candida albicans was also isolated from 11 of the 13 patients. None of the patients with proven invasive fungal disease met host criteria, but most had underlying diseases. All strains were identified as K. telluris by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and 3 were confirmed as K. bovina by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. For all tested strains, the MICs for fluconazole were >2 μg/mL. Emergence of this rare fungal infection might be explained by the increasing number of patients with immunocompromised conditions and gastroesophageal diseases.
For Strasbourg Derrida, Jacques; Brault, Pascale-Anne; Naas, Michael
2014, 2014-04-01, 20140401
eBook, Book
For Strasbourg consists of a series of essays and interviews by French philosopher and literary theorist Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) about the city of Strasbourg and the philosophical friendships he ...developed there over a forty year period. Written just months before his death, the opening essay of the collection, "The place name(s): Strasbourg," recounts in great detail, and in very moving terms, Derrida's deep attachment to this French city on the border between France and Germany. More than just a personal narrative, however, it is a profound interrogation of the relationship between philosophy and place, philosophy and language, and philosophy and friendship. As such, it raises a series of philosophical, political, and ethical questions that might all be placed under the aegis of what Derrida once called "philosophical nationalities and nationalism." The other three texts included here are long interviews/conversations between Derrida and his two principal interlocutors in Strasbourg, Jean-Luc Nancy and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. These interviews are significant both for the themes they focus on (language, politics, friendship, death, life after death, and so on) and for what they reveal about Derrida's relationships to Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe. Filled with sharp insights into one another's work and peppered with personal anecdotes and humor, they bear witness to the decades-long intellectual friendships of these three important contemporary thinkers. This collection thus stands as a reminder of and testimony to Derrida's relationship to Strasbourg and to the two thinkers most closely associated with that city.
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