Nutritional status is an indicator in determining a children’s health status. Massage is one of the therapies complementary that many parents choose to avoid malnutrition. Touch therapy (massage) ...can have positive physical effects, including weight gain. Tui Na massage is a more specific massage technique to overcome feeding difficulties in toddlers by improving blood circulation in the spleen and digestion. The purpose of this study was to measure the extent to which Tui Na massage complementary therapy increased children's appetite. This research used a literature review design. The data used secondary data obtained from the results of research that had been carried out by previous researchers whose research journals had been published which were relevant to the topic, from 2015 to 2021, were accessed in full text by 16 journals according to the formulation of the problem and research objectives, and 6 the journal given the Tui Na massage. The results showed that there was an effect of Tui Na massage on weight gain. Tui Na Massage was effective in increasing a toddler's weight. There was an effect of massage on increasing the appetite of toddlers aged 1 year. Based on the results of the above study, the children’s appetite and weight after being given the Tui Na massage treatment, the average growth rate of weight gain increased and the appetite increased above the average of babies who did not get massage treatment.
This study describes the strain geometry, crystal‐plastic deformational features, isotopic age of metamorphism, and calculated seismic properties of two medium‐temperature eclogite types from the ...Malpica‐Tui Allochthonous Complex of Variscan NW Iberia. The eclogite types are eclogites with coronitic garnets and eclogites with a planolinear fabric. Both of them were buried, deformed and recrystallized under maximum pressure and temperature of 2.6 GPa and 610–640°C, and subsequently exhumed in a late Devonian subduction channel. The metamorphic peak of the subduction‐exhumation cycle occurred ~375 Ma ago. Omphacite petrofabric ties eclogites with coronitic garnet to noncoaxial constrictional strain and eclogites with planolinear fabrics to noncoaxial flattening strain and stretching along the lineation. We also used omphacite crystallographic preferred orientations to calculate and constrain the seismic properties of the eclogites. The slight variations in petrophysical properties observed are interpreted to result from variations in the strain regime recorded by pristine eclogites, or from variations in the modal proportions of the constituent high‐pressure minerals. We foresee that eclogite in subduction metamorphic complexes might be either seismically undetectable or detected as planar features with high impedance contrasts relative to their host rocks.
Key Points
Petrofabric and radiometric age of Variscan medium‐T eclogites from NW Iberia deformed and recrystallized under 2.6 GPa and 610–640°C
Identification of intracrystalline slip systems and deformation mechanisms of the HP mineral assemblage by means of EBSD determined LPOs
Late Devonian deep subduction at ca. 375 Ma and subsequent subduction channel resetting still under relatively high ‐P
Deformation partitioning is identified as the fingerprint of late Palaeozoic continental subduction that affected various lithologies whose field relationship, thermobarometric and petrofabric ...features are closely related. Different modes of deformation partitioning can be identified within medium temperature, high‐P eclogite lenses, between them and the host gneisses, and within the latter. Development of foliations and lineations with a coherent attitude in all these rocks and their related structural petrology demonstrate that eclogite enclosures and their country rocks underwent a common, pervasive deformational event. The published P–T stability fields of the eclogite phases that define the microscopic fabric are used to define the metamorphic conditions prevailing during the deformation event and relate it to the subduction process. The mineral equilibria of the gneisses (ortho‐ and paragneisses) fail to record the full range of those P–T conditions, but the field relationships show that eclogites were originally basic dykes emplaced in acid igneous rocks and demonstrate that the eclogites and gneisses shared a common tectonometamorphic evolution. Deformation partitioning within the latter occurred at variable scales and involved (1) meso macroscale preservation of virtually undeformed metagranite bodies, surrounded by (2) pervasively foliated and lineated gneisses, and (3) the simultaneous microscale operation in the latter of ductile and brittle–ductile mechanisms at conditions above 500°C and below 1.5 GPa. A subduction channel tectonic setting is proposed to explain the subduction of upper to mid‐crustal igneous rocks and exhumation subsequent to high‐P metamorphism. Its currently accessible dimensions, and its organization into several lithotectonic units mapped as nappes support tectonic amalgamation of units several km3 in volume. Maximum burial in the subduction channel likely reached depths shallower than the lithostatic pressure implied by geobarometric calculations, possibly conditioned by a sudden pressure drop during the initial retrogression stages accompanying exhumation.
Shape-changing interfaces are physically tangible, interactive devices, surfaces, or spaces that allow for rich, organic, and novel experiences with computational devices. Over the last 15 years, ...research has produced functional prototypes over many use applications; reviews have identified themes and possible future directions but have not yet looked at possible design or application-based research. Here, we gather this information together to provide a reference for designers and researchers wishing to build upon existing prototyping work, using synthesis and discussion of existing shape-changing interface reviews and comprehensive analysis and classification of 84 shape-changing interfaces. Eight categories of prototype are identified alongside recommendations for the field.
The Tudense bishopric arises in a space that, with the passing of time, will belong to two countries. The rivers Miño and Limia mark the limits of a diocese whose capital, Tui, had an important role ...since Roman times, with a fundamental link with Braga. Both, live the historical vicissitudes of the High Middle Ages, and their episcopal sees are restored around the same dates. After that, they tried to rebuild their cathedral buildings: first Braga, with an initial project largely destroyed around 1110 and then Tui after a period of relocation in the monastery of San Bartolomé. The multiplication of donations allows us to think that the new cathedral of Tui began around 1125, with a transept of three naves, similar to that of the cathedral of Santiago and the initial one in Braga, as well as a five-apse chevet, similar to the one proposed by the new bracarense project. These have parallels in other suffragan cathedrals of Braga: in addition to Tui, Ourense and Lamego. Along with all this, there are numerous cross-border artistic exchanges since the diocese of Tui radiates its models throughout its diocesan limits, bordering those of Braga.
A project to mechanically remove an over-abundant population of cyprinids (Gila bicolor) was tested in a hydropower impoundment, Lemolo Lake (USA). The netting program removed 29.7 tons of fish (163 ...kg/ha) over a seven-year period that resulted in a reduction in the intensity and duration of cyanobacteria blooms. However, the suppression of the tui chub population apparently allowed for a residual population of kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) to proliferate. The resurgence of the kokanee, combined with the initiation of a rainbow trout stocking program, offset some of the gains in water quality achieved with the reduction of tui chub biomass. The dominant cyanobacterium present in Lemolo Lake transitioned to Gloeotrichia echinulata in 2013, but the majority of these colonies were apparently derived from an upstream lake. The changes in water quality from 2005–2013 were simulated for Lemolo Lake using the two-dimensional, hydrodynamic model, CE-QUAL-W2. The model reproduced many aspects of the water quality in Lemolo Lake and was used, in combination with a simple Bayesian model, to evaluate a number of potential scenarios for further improving water quality in the impoundment. Promoting a deeper drawdown of the hydroelectric impoundment during the winter to selectively increase entrainment of tui chub and kokanee, combined with continued netting targeted at tui chub, was judged to offer the greatest opportunity to manage the facility for water quality, fisheries and hydropower objectives.
Gamification has been identified as an interesting technique to foster collaboration in educational contexts. However, there are not many approaches that tackle this in primary school learning ...environments. The most popular technologies in the classroom are still traditional video consoles and desktop computers, which complicate the design of collaborative activities since they are essentially mono-user. The recent popularization of handheld devices such as tablets and smartphones has made it possible to build affordable, scalable, and improvised collaborative gamified activities by creating a multi-tablet environment. In this paper we present Quizbot, a collaborative gamified quiz application to practice different subjects, which can be defined by educators beforehand. Two versions of the system are implemented: a tactile for tablets laid on a table, in which all the elements are digital; and a tangible in which the tablets are scattered on the floor and the components are both digital and physical objects. Both versions of Quizbot are evaluated and compared in a study with eighty primary-schooled children in terms of user experience and quality of collaboration supported. Results indicate that both versions of Quizbot are essentially equally fun and easy to use, and can effectively support collaboration, with the tangible version outperforming the other one with respect to make the children reach consensus after a discussion, split and parallelize work, and treat each other with more respect, but also presenting a poorer time management.
•Gamification can be an interesting, yet not much used, technique to foster collaborative learning in primary education.•We present Quizbot, a collaborative gamified quiz system that allows the definition of questions by educators.•Two versions are presented: one purely digital and tactile running on a multi-tablet environment, and another tangible.•An evaluation is conducted with 80 primary-school children in terms of user experience and quality of collaboration.•Both versions are essentially equally fun and easy to use, but present some differences on how they support collaboration.
Transcranial ultrasound imaging (TUI) is a diagnostic modality with numerous applications, but unfortunately, it is hindered by phase aberration caused by the skull. In this article, we propose to ...reconstruct a transcranial B-mode image with a refraction-corrected synthetic aperture imaging (SAI) scheme. First, the compressional sound velocity of the aberrator (i.e., the skull) is estimated using the bidirectional headwave technique. The medium is described with four layers (i.e., lens, water, skull, and water), and a fast marching method calculates the travel times between individual array elements and image pixels. Finally, a delay-and-sum algorithm is used for image reconstruction with coherent compounding. The point spread function (PSF) in a wire phantom image and reconstructed with the conventional technique (using a constant sound speed throughout the medium), and the proposed method was quantified with numerical synthetic data and experiments with a bone-mimicking plate and a human skull, compared with the PSF achieved in a ground truth image of the medium without the aberrator (i.e., the bone plate or skull). A phased-array transducer (P4-1, ATL/Philips, 2.5 MHz, 96 elements, pitch <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">= </tex-math></inline-formula> 0.295 mm) was used for the experiments. The results with the synthetic signals, the bone-mimicking plate, and the skull indicated that the proposed method reconstructs the scatterers with an average lateral/axial localization error of 0.06/0.14 mm, 0.11/0.13 mm, and 1.0/0.32 mm, respectively. With the human skull, an average contrast ratio (CR) and full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of 37.1 dB and 1.75 mm were obtained with the proposed approach, respectively. This corresponds to an improvement of CR and FWHM by 7.1 dB and 36% compared with the conventional method, respectively. These numbers were 12.7 dB and 41% with the bone-mimicking plate.
•POMA is a TUI that runs on a tablet computer and interactive pretend play toys (iPPy) are used to interact with POMA.•Evaluation of POMA was carried out with children with ASD in Sri Lanka.•Children ...with mild ASD were more comfortable to play POMA than with moderate ASD.•Flat-surface structure of the iPPy toys prevents children from placing the toys correctly on the iPad screen.•A set of recommendations are provided to develop TUIs for children with ASD in low-resource regions.
A Tangible User Interface (TUI) can bridge real-world physical objects with the digital world, which has much potential for children with ASD. However, at present, most TUIs have been developed for children in affluent countries. Such solutions may not be applicable for children with ASD in low resource countries like Sri Lanka. Therefore, we have designed a tablet-based, and cost-effective TUI called POMA (Picture to Object Mapping Activities) for supporting social and cognitive skills of Sri Lankan children with ASD. This paper presents the evaluation of POMA with 20 children with ASD (moderate: 6; mild: 14) and five special education teachers. Results show that both groups of children were able to play POMA accurately. However, children with moderate ASD required more time and help from the special education teachers to play POMA compared to children with mild ASD. This study identified several lessons for designing TUI, such as the importance of including audio prompts when the system is in idle state, using appropriate helper cues, using multiple types of reinforcements, easy-to-handle nature of the tangibles and the properties of them. Finally, we provide guidelines to overcome the issues for designing low-cost TUIs for children with ASD.
•We analyze Cassini VIMS spectra of Titan using improved methane spectroscopic data.•We constrain the aerosol single scattering albedo and derive the surface albedo over specific ...terrains.•Differences in surface albedos can be explained by different amounts of tholins and water ice particles.•The surface albedo of the Huygens landing site at 2μm is inconsistent with water ice being a major compound.•No reversal of the North-to-South asymmetry in the stratospheric haze is seen till mid-2010.
We present an analysis of Titan data acquired by the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), making use of recent improvements in methane spectroscopic parameters in the region 1.3–5.2μm. We first analyzed VIMS spectra covering a 8×10-km2 area near the Huygens landing site in order to constrain the single scattering albedo (ω0) of the aerosols over all of the VIMS spectral range. Our aerosol model agrees with that derived from Huygens Probe Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) in situ measurements below 1.6μm. At longer wavelengths, ω0 steadily decreases from 0.92 at 1.6μm to about 0.70 at 2.5μm and abruptly drops to about 0.50 near 2.6μm, a spectral variation that differs from that of Khare et al.’s (Khare, B.N., Sagan, C., Arakawa, E.T., Suits, F., Callcott, T.A., Williams, M.W. 1984. Icarus 60, 127–137) laboratory tholins. Our analysis shows that the far wings of the strong methane bands on both sides of the transparency windows provide a significant source of opacity in these windows, and that their unknown sub-Lorentzian behavior limits our ability to determine precisely the surface albedos. Below 1.6μm, the retrieved surface albedos agree with those derived from Huygens/DISR. The VIMS spectrum at 2.0μm indicates a surface albedo of 0.11±0.01, larger than derived in previous studies, and inconsistent with the signature of water ice. A series of VIMS data taken from 2004 to 2010 between 40°S and 40°N were then analyzed to monitor the latitudinal and temporal evolution of the atmospheric aerosol content. In the 2004–2008 period, the haze extinction is larger at Northern mid-latitudes by ∼20% with respect to the Huygens site, whereas Southern mid-latitudes are depleted by ∼15–20%. In 2009–2010, a progressive decline of the haze content in the Northern hemisphere is observed but no reversal of the North-to-South asymmetry is seen till mid-2010. Finally, data from five regions in Tui Regio and Fensal that show markedly different spectral behaviors and morphologies were analyzed to investigate the wavelength dependence of their surface albedo. The difference between bright and dark regions can be explained by different contents of small-sized tholins at the surface, brighter regions being more tholin-rich than dark regions, including the Huygens landing site. On the other hand, the albedo spectrum of the so-called blue regions, either dark or bright, can be explained by an excess of water ice particles, compared with the Huygens landing site. The spectrum of a 5-μm bright region in Tui Regio indicates a large excess of small-sized tholins relative to the Huygens site, but does not point to any particular surface composition.
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