Modern electronic devices and novel materials often derive their extraordinary properties from the intriguing, complex behavior of large numbers of electrons forming what is known as an electron ...liquid. This book provides an in-depth introduction to the physics of the interacting electron liquid in a broad variety of systems, including metals, semiconductors, artificial nano-structures, atoms and molecules. One, two and three dimensional systems are treated separately and in parallel. Different phases of the electron liquid, from the Landau Fermi liquid to the Wigner crystal, from the Luttinger liquid to the quantum Hall liquid are extensively discussed. Both static and time-dependent density functional theory are presented in detail. Although the emphasis is on the development of the basic physical ideas and on a critical discussion of the most useful approximations, the formal derivation of the results is highly detailed and based on the simplest, most direct methods.
Covering all aspects of gravitation in a contemporary style, this advanced textbook is ideal for graduate students and researchers in all areas of theoretical physics. The 'Foundation' section ...develops the formalism in six chapters, and uses it in the next four chapters to discuss four key applications - spherical spacetimes, black holes, gravitational waves and cosmology. The six chapters in the 'Frontier' section describe cosmological perturbation theory, quantum fields in curved spacetime, and the Hamiltonian structure of general relativity, among several other advanced topics, some of which are covered in-depth for the first time in a textbook. The modular structure of the book allows different sections to be combined to suit a variety of courses. Over 200 exercises are included to test and develop the reader's understanding. There are also over 30 projects, which help readers make the transition from the book to their own original research.
Advanced Transport Phenomena is ideal as a graduate textbook. It contains a detailed discussion of modern analytic methods for the solution of fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer problems, ...focusing on approximations based on scaling and asymptotic methods, beginning with the derivation of basic equations and boundary conditions and concluding with linear stability theory. Also covered are unidirectional flows, lubrication and thin-film theory, creeping flows, boundary layer theory, and convective heat and mass transport at high and low Reynolds numbers. The emphasis is on basic physics, scaling and nondimensionalization, and approximations that can be used to obtain solutions that are due either to geometric simplifications, or large or small values of dimensionless parameters. The author emphasizes setting up problems and extracting as much information as possible short of obtaining detailed solutions of differential equations. The book also focuses on the solutions of representative problems. This reflects the book's goal of teaching readers to think about the solution of transport problems.
This volume explores Nordic textbooks chronologically and empirically from the Protestant reformation to our own time. The chapters are written by scholars from Finland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, ...and deploy a wide range of methods, representing different academic fields.
Thermal quantum field theory Khanna, Faqir C; Khanna, Faqir C; Malbouisson, Adolfo P. C ...
2009., 2009, 2009-02-06
eBook
This monograph presents recent developments in quantum field theory at finite temperature. By using Lie groups, ideas from thermal theory are considered with concepts of symmetry, allowing for ...applications not only to quantum field theory but also to transport theory, quantum optics and statistical mechanics. This includes an analysis of geometrical and topological aspects of spatially confined systems with applications to the Casimir effect, superconductivity and phase transitions. Finally, some developments in open systems are also considered. The book provides a unified picture of the fundamental aspects in thermal quantum field theory and their applications, and is important to the field as a result, since it combines several diverse ideas that lead to a better understanding of different areas of physics.
Background: The 3500-kcal rule, though often overly simplistic, is used to linearly predict weight or adipose change in clinical or research settings. We sampled textbooks to assess how quantitative ...energy balance models (QEBM) are taught, emphasizing the 3500-kcal rule. Methods: Top 15 Amazon best-selling textbooks in nutrition, diet therapy, preventive medicine, physiology, and physical therapy were identified resulting in 53 unique recent editions. QEBM text was identified and extracted via manually reviewing weight-or energy-balance- related sections and keyword searching in hardcopy-and e-textbooks. Ten books were piloted for text extraction and double coded via a semi-structured coding template. QEBMs (e.g., 3500-kcal rule) were compared to the validated NIDDK body weight planner (BWP) and the Weight Loss Predictor Calculator by Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC) for the average 30 y.o. adult American female (63.5"; 170.8 lbs) and male (69.0"; 199.8 lbs) from NCHS. Results: We developed 16 coding items, including energy amount; amount and time of weight change; positive/negative QEBM; whether predicting body weight (BW)/fat mass/adipose tissue; approximate/exact predictions; and whether the text prominently acknowledged weight change complexity. Six of 10 piloted textbooks included QEBMs, five of which proposed a 3500-kcal based equation to change BW; specifically, lowering caloric intake by 200-1000 kcal/d to lose 0.4-2 Ibs BW/wk. Four of six models presented approximate changes; three of six acknowledged physiological complexity. Compared to BWP and PBRC, the 3500-kcal rule underestimated energy deficits required to lose weight in relatively longer durations (e.g., at 500 kcal/d deficit for 180 days, 3500-kcal rule predicts 26 Ibs loss in the average male, while BWP and PBRC predict 18.2 and 14.8 Ibs, respectively). We identified at least five other textbooks mentioning the 3500-kcal rule through digital previews; extraction of texts is ongoing. Conclusions: Our pilot sample of top-selling textbooks suggests despite availability of more sophisticated-yet-accessible web-based tools to estimate weight change dynamics, the 3500-kcal rule continues to be a basis for energy balance education.
The functional equation of associativity is the topic of Abel's first contribution to Crelle's Journal. Seventy years later, it was featured as the second part of Hilbert's Fifth Problem, and it was ...solved under successively weaker hypotheses by Brouwer (1909), Cartan (1930) and Aczel (1949). In 1958, B Schweizer and A Sklar showed that the “triangular norms” introduced by Menger in his definition of a probabilistic metric space should be associative; and in their book Probabilistic Metric Spaces, they presented the basic properties of such triangular norms and the closely related copulas. Since then, the study of these two classes of functions has been evolving at an ever-increasing pace and the results have been applied in fields such as statistics, information theory, fuzzy set theory, multi-valued and quantum logic, hydrology, and economics, in particular, risk analysis. This book presents the foundations of the subject of associative functions on real intervals. It brings together results that have been widely scattered in the literature and adds much new material. In the process, virtually all the standard techniques for solving functional equations in one and several variables come into play. Thus, the book can serve as an advanced undergraduate or graduate text on functional equations.
A continuation of the author's previous book “An Introduction to the Theory of Piezoelectricity” (Springer, New York, 2005) on the three-dimensional theory of piezoelectricity, this volume covers ...lower dimensional theories for various piezoelectric structures and device applications. The development of two-, one- and zero-dimensional theories for high frequency vibrations of piezoelectric plates, shells, beams, rings curved bars and parallelepipeds is systematically presented. In addition to linear piezoelectricity, certain nonlinear effects are also considered and examples for device applications are provided. The material emphasizes dynamic theories and high frequency motions as well as device applications as there are relatively few books on piezoelectric structures, especially for high frequency theories. The volume is destined to be one of the most systematic and comprehensive books on piezoelectric structures.
