Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been widely used in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) for purposes such as the control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and trajectory prediction. ...However, an efficient and reliable data routing decision scheme is critical for VANETs due to the feature of self-organizing wireless multi-hop communication. Compared with wireless networks, which are unstable and have limited bandwidth, wired networks normally provide longer transmission distances, higher network speeds and greater reliability. To address this problem, this paper proposes a reliable VANET routing decision scheme based on the Manhattan mobility model, which considers the integration of roadside units (RSUs) into wireless and wired modes for data transmission and routing optimization. First, the problems of frequently moving vehicles and network connectivity are analyzed based on road networks and the motion information of vehicle nodes. Second, an improved greedy algorithm for vehicle wireless communication is used for network optimization, and a wired RSU network is also applied. In addition, routing decision analysis is carried out in accordance with the probabilistic model for various transmission ranges by checking the connectivity among vehicles and RSUs. Finally, comprehensive experiments show that our proposed method can support real-time planning and improve network transmission performance compared with other baseline protocol approaches in terms of several metrics, including package delivery ratio, time delay and wireless hops.
Routing in Internet of Vehicles: A Review Cheng, Jiujun; Cheng, Junlu; Zhou, Mengchu ...
IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems,
10/2015, Letnik:
16, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This work aims to provide a review of the routing protocols in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) from routing algorithms to their evaluation approaches. We provide five different taxonomies of routing ...protocols. First, we classify them based on their transmission strategy into three categories: unicast, geocast, and broadcast ones. Second, we classify them into four categories based on information required to perform routing: topology-, position-, map-, and path-based ones. Third, we identify them in delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant ones. Fourth, we discuss them according to their applicability in different dimensions, i.e., 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D. Finally, we discuss their target networks, i.e., homogeneous and heterogeneous ones. As the evaluation is also a vital part in IoV routing protocol studies, we examine the evaluation approaches, i.e., simulation and real-world experiments. IoV includes not only the traditional vehicular ad hoc networks, which usually involve a small-scale and homogeneous network, but also a much larger scale and heterogeneous one. The composition of classical routing protocols and latest heterogeneous network approaches is a promising topic in the future. This work should motivate IoV researchers, practitioners, and new comers to develop IoV routing protocols and technologies.
Maintaining network connectivity is an important challenge for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) in an urban scene, which has more complex road conditions than highways and suburban areas. Most ...existing studies analyze end-to-end connectivity probability under a certain node distribution model, and reveal the relationship among network connectivity, node density, and a communication range. Because of various influencing factors and changing communication states, most of their results are not applicable to VANET in an urban scene. In this article, we propose a connectivity prediction-based dynamic clustering (DC) model for VANET in an urban scene. First, we introduce a connectivity prediction method (CP) according to the features of a vehicle node and relative features among vehicle nodes. Then, we formulate a DC model based on connectivity among vehicle nodes and vehicle node density. Finally, we present a DC model-based routing method to realize stable communications among vehicle nodes. The experimental results show that the proposed CP can achieve a lower error rate than the geographic routing based on predictive locations and multilayer perceptron. The proposed routing method can achieve lower end-to-end latency and higher delivery rate than the greedy perimeter stateless routing and modified distributed and mobility-adaptive clustering-based methods.
As the in evitable mode of the future intelligent transportation system, VANET still exists vehicle access authentication computational overhead, handover authentication inefficiency in the context ...of continuous development, simply using the traditional VANET architecture has been unable to adapt to the new complexity. Therefore, a hybrid blockchain-based privacy preserving authentication scheme is proposed. Instead of using a single chain, the scheme combines the consortium and private chains, retaining the decentralization and high security of the consortium chain while leveraging the advantages of faster transactions, lower costs, and higher privacy in the private chain. Importantly, short signature technology and homomorphic encryption technology are proposed to further improve the efficiency of entity communication and protect the delivery of private data, respectively, while pre-authentication mechanism is used to further accelerate the cross-domain authentication of vehicles. The security analysis demonstrates the good privacy protection and attack resistance of this scheme. In addition, performance simulations and evaluations show that the proposed scheme requires the least computational and communication overhead compared to other schemes. It also performs better in terms of authentication delay and packet loss rate. Finally, the availability of the proposed scheme is explained through throughput and transaction cost analysis.
VANET is an emergent technology with promising future as well as great challenges especially in its security. In this paper, we focus on VANET security frameworks presented in three parts. The first ...presents an extensive overview of VANET security characteristics and challenges as well as requirements. These requirements should be taken into consideration to enable the implementation of secure VANET infrastructure with efficient communication between parties. We give the details of the recent security architectures and the well-known security standards protocols. The second focuses on a novel classification of the different attacks known in the VANET literature and their related solutions. The third is a comparison between some of these solutions based on well-known security criteria in VANET. Then we draw attention to different open issues and technical challenges related to VANET security, which can help researchers for future use.
Vehicles on the road with some common interests can cooperatively form a platoon-based driving pattern, in which a vehicle follows another vehicle and maintains a small and nearly constant distance ...to the preceding vehicle. It has been proved that, compared with driving individually, such a platoon-based driving pattern can significantly improve road capacity and energy efficiency. Moreover, with the emerging vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), the performance of a platoon in terms of road capacity, safety, energy efficiency, etc., can be further improved. On the other hand, the physical dynamics of vehicles inside the platoon can also affect the performance of a VANET. Such a complex system can be considered a platoon-based vehicular cyber-physical system (VCPS), which has attracted significant attention recently. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on a platoon-based VCPS. We first review the related work of a platoon-based VCPS. We then introduce two elementary techniques involved in a platoon-based VCPS, i.e., the vehicular networking architecture and standards, and traffic dynamics, respectively. We further discuss the fundamental issues in a platoon-based VCPS, including vehicle platooning/clustering, cooperative adaptive cruise control, platoon-based vehicular communications, etc., all of which are characterized by the tightly coupled relationship between traffic dynamics and VANET behaviors. Since system verification is critical to VCPS development, we also give an overview of VCPS simulation tools. Finally, we share our view on some open issues that may lead to new research directions.
Previous studies have shown the ability of vehicle platooning to improve highway safety and throughput. With Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system, ...vehicle platooning with small headway becomes feasible. In this paper, we developed a platoon management protocol for CACC vehicles based on wireless communication through VANET. This protocol includes three basic platooning maneuvers and a set of micro-commands to accomplish these maneuvers. Various platooning operations such as vehicle entry and vehicle (including platoon leader) leaving can be captured by these basic platoon maneuvers. The protocol operation is described in detail using various Finite State Machines (FSM), and can be applied in collaborative driving and intelligent highway systems. This protocol is implemented in an integrated simulation platform, VENTOS, which is developed based on SUMO and OMNET++. The validity and effectiveness of our approach is shown by means of simulations, and different platooning setting are calibrated.
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