The definition of values in the scientific literature, the motivational basis for the formation of the values of the individual and the relation between the concepts of "value" and "values ...orientation" are analyzed; the author’s definition of the concept of "formation of personality’s values" is substantiated, and the cross-cultural relations of the values’ formation in the Ukrainian and Romanian and the Ukrainian and Macedonian samples are highlighted. The results of explanatory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis are presented based on the results measuring of the personal values’ of these categories of subjects formation. It is made a crosscultural comparison between the peculiarities of the values formation and the axiofactor of openness to changes, and its results are analyzed. There are given the data of the empirical study which partly confirmed the hypothesis about the regularity of the relationship between subjective well-being and the values of the individual. The values of conformity and traditions proved to be significantly related to the satisfaction with life for the Macedonian group of adults, which confirmed the expectation of a negative relations between "unhealthy" values and subjective wellbeing. It has been found that young people, whose values are focused on the possession of things and their accumulation in contrast to spiritual values, are usually less satisfied with their own lives; young people from the studied countries, who have strong and developed "healthy" values, feel better in their lives, and the carriers of "unhealthy" values, on the contrary, are often dissatisfied with their lives and are therefore experiencing a certain amount of anxiety
The most popular teaching text on laboratory data for pharmacy students and go-to reference for pharmacists in therapeutic practice. Now in its seventh edition, Basic Skills has been expanded and ...updated to cover new drugs, research, and therapeutic approaches. Written by 40 established clinicians and pharmacy faculty members and reviewed by additional experts, it is designed to make all information clear and quickly accessible. Minicases provide clinical scenarios for using tests and managing patients, and quickview charts throughout offer clear interpretations of lab results. The indispensable guide to interpreting clinical laboratory data. New to this edition: -A new chapter on nutrition support -Significant updates to all chapters -Expanded chapters on Pharmacogenomics and Cardiology -Additional section on Infectious Diseases covering Bacteria, and Fungi, Viruses and Mycobacteria - Learning points conclude each chapter and highlight key concepts about the laboratory tests -25 chapters divided into three sections: Basic Concepts and Test Interpretations; System Disorders and Diagnostic Tests; and Tests for Special Populations Complex but critical skills are required for clinical pharmacists to effectively use lab data in screening for or diagnosing diseases and in monitoring the safety and effectiveness of treatment. As the only book of its kind specifically written for pharmacists by pharmacists, Basic Skills makes it easier to make accurate and critical decisions based on laboratory data.
Three longitudinal studies examine a fundamental question regarding adjustment of personal values to self-chosen life transitions: Do values fit the new life setting already at its onset, implying ...value-based self-selection? Or do values change to better fit the appropriate and desirable values in the setting, implying value socialization? As people are likely to choose a life transition partly based on their values, their values may fit the new life situation already at its onset, leaving little need for value socialization. However, we propose that this may vary as a function of the extent of change the life transition entails, with greater change requiring more value socialization. To enable generalization, we used 3 longitudinal studies spanning 3 different life transitions and different extents of life changes: vocational training (of new police recruits), education (psychology vs. business students), and migration (from Poland to Britain). Although each life transition involved different key values and different populations, across all 3 studies we found value fit to the life situation already early in the transition. Value socialization became more evident the more aspects of life changed as part of the transition, that is, in the migration transition. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for research on values and personality change, as well as limitations and future directions for research.
This paper addresses central limitations of ecosystem services and nature’s contributions to people (NCP) by developing a novel approach to consideration of intrinsic values of nature. Intrinsic ...values are seen as bundled with values of ecosystem services and NCP within the Life Framework, an innovative, comprehensive and easy to communicate framework of values. Building on work by John O’Neill, values are conceived of as related to living
with
,
from
,
in
and
as
the world. These frames are related to but distinct from more formal ethical justifications of intrinsic, instrumental and relational values, which straddle the four Life Frames. Focusing on intrinsic values, we conceive these as ends without reference to humans as valuers, but which nonetheless can be articulated by people. We draw on more-than-human participatory research and post-normal science to promote the articulation and deliberation of perspectives and interests of the more-than-human world by an extended peer community. This clearly differentiates our approach from both rights-based intrinsic value and utilitarian existence value approaches, although it is inclusive of them. The approach is demonstrated by an elaborate integrated marine ecosystem valuation, where we investigate associations between intrinsic and relational values and the four Life frames. The Life Framework, operationalised through the post-normal, more-than-human participatory approach, operationalises articulated intrinsic values in a way that puts them on an equal footing with values of ecosystem services and NCP, providing an opportunity to bridge and reconcile these different types of value through deliberation. This enhances the recognition and procedural justice of valuation, while at the same time retaining the practical advantages that the ecosystem services framework brings.
The values (i.e., importance) that people place on ecosystems have been identified as a crucial dimension of sustainable management of social-ecological systems. Recently, the call for integrating ...plural values of ecosystems beyond intrinsic and instrumental values has prompted the notion of “relational values.” With the aim of contributing to environmental management, we assess the environmental motivations (i.e., egoistic, biospheric, altruistic) and values that people attribute to the ecosystems of the mid-upper stream of the Otún River watershed, central Andes, Colombia. We analyzed 589 questionnaires that were collected in urban and rural areas of the Otún River watershed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regressions. We found salient biospheric motivations and the attribution of plural values (i.e., intrinsic, relational, and instrumental) to the ecosystems of the mid-upper stream of the Otún River watershed. Particularly, relational values were the most frequently mentioned value domain. Further, our results showed that environmental motivations and socioeconomic factors are associated with the expression of different value domains. We found negative associations between egoistic motivations and intrinsic values and between rural respondents and instrumental values. We found positive associations between altruistic motivations and relational values and between rural respondents and both intrinsic and relational values. In light of our results, we argue that intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values coexist in people’s narratives about the importance of ecosystems. Plural valuation approaches could be enhanced by differentiating relational from instrumental values and by expressing them in nonmonetary terms. We argue that multiple values of ecosystems expressed by rural and urban societies should be included in environmental management to tackle social conflicts and consider the diverse needs and interests of different social actors.
This paper concludes a special feature of
Sustainability Science
that explores a broad range of social value theoretical traditions, such as religious studies, social psychology, indigenous ...knowledge, economics, sociology, and philosophy. We introduce a novel transdisciplinary conceptual framework that revolves around concepts of ‘lenses’ and ‘tensions’ to help navigate value diversity. First, we consider the notion of lenses: perspectives on value and valuation along diverse dimensions that describe what values focus on, how their sociality is envisioned, and what epistemic and procedural assumptions are made. We characterise fourteen of such dimensions. This provides a foundation for exploration of seven areas of tension, between: (1) the values of individuals vs collectives; (2) values as discrete and held vs embedded and constructed; (3) value as static or changeable; (4) valuation as descriptive vs normative and transformative; (5) social vs relational values; (6) different rationalities and their relation to value integration; (7) degrees of acknowledgment of the role of power in navigating value conflicts. In doing so, we embrace the ‘mess’ of diversity, yet also provide a framework to organise this mess and support and encourage active transdisciplinary collaboration. We identify key research areas where such collaborations can be harnessed for sustainability transformation. Here it is crucial to understand how certain social value lenses are privileged over others and build capacity in decision-making for understanding and drawing on multiple value, epistemic and procedural lenses.
The poolr package provides an implementation of a variety of methods for pooling (i.e., combining) p values, including Fisher's method, Stouffer's method, the inverse chisquare method, the binomial ...test, the Bonferroni method, and Tippett's method. More importantly, the methods can be adjusted to account for dependence among the tests from which the p values have been derived assuming multivariate normality among the test statistics. All methods can be adjusted based on an estimate of the effective number of tests or by using an empirically-derived null distribution based on pseudo replicates that mimics a proper permutation test. For the Fisher, Stouffer, and inverse chi-square methods, the test statistics can also be directly generalized to account for dependence, leading to Brown's method, Strube's method, and the generalized inverse chi-square method. In this paper, we describe the various methods, discuss their implementation in the package, illustrate their use based on several examples, and compare the poolr package with several other packages that can be used to combine p values.
Public values are being promoted as a core concept in the study of public administration, in particular, in discourses surrounding Moore’s public value management and Bozeman’s public value failure. ...This article outlines the approaches to the concept of values and public values. Particular attention is paid to the founding distinction between facts and values, which proves to be less clear than usually assumed. After discussing a range of possible characteristics of public values, an encompassing definition is attempted, which consequently has to accommodate opposing characteristics. It is concluded that the concept of public value is a fuzzy concept, and that is probably “as good as it gets.”
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