The concept of value is central to the practice and science of ecological management and conservation. There is a well-developed body of theory and evidence that explores concepts of value in ...different ways across different disciplines including philosophy, economics, sociology and psychology. Insight from these disciplines provides a robust and sophisticated platform for considering the role of social values in ecological conservation, management and research. This paper reviews theories of value from these disciplines and discusses practical tools and instruments that can be utilised by researchers and practitioners. A distinction is highlighted between underlying values that shape people's perception of the world (e.g. altruistic or biospheric value orientations), and the values that people assign to things in the world (e.g. natural heritage, money). Evidence from numerous studies has shown that there are multiple pathways between these values and attitudes, beliefs and behaviours relevant to ecological management and conservation. In an age of increasing anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, recognising how and why people value different aspects of ecological systems can allow ecological managers to act to minimise conflict between stakeholders and promote the social acceptability of management activities. A series of practical guidelines are provided to enable social values to be better considered in ecosystem management and research.
•Understanding social values can improve ecosystem management.•Theoretical and measurement approaches to studying values are reviewed.•Guidelines are presented to help managers incorporate social values into practice.
While media studies have been locked into a classic producer-text-audience model, most theories of social media suggest some degree of collapse between the producer and audience. In this article, we ...address social media in terms of processes of value creation. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that social media are either addressed in terms of economic and socio-political value creation, that is, power, exploitation and business revenues, or in terms of value creation as sense-making, that is, creative explorations of the self and management of social relationships in everyday life. These different interests in value creation, we argue, have consequences for the conceptualization of the media user as a participatory agent. With specific focus on the notion of value creation in social media, we uncover implicit conceptions of the social media user guiding industry and user-centric perspectives, respectively. We demonstrate that while studying the same phenomenon, the two perspectives operate with very different conceptions of the producer/user nexus. We then discuss whether the literature is inconsequential in the analytic treatment of its own suggested collapse by questioning if, and if so how, this collapse is in fact taking place. Finally, we offer a mapping of the multifarious actor roles identified in the literature review to nuance the understanding of the producer/user nexus in social media and use it to identify and discuss possible opportunities for collapse and cross-fertilization of user-centric and industry perspectives in future studies of social media.
Purpose
This paper aims to present the seven organizational principles for developing value-dominant logic (VDL) thinking and advancing it toward making a business purposeful and open to a lifestyle ...of value for humanity at large.
Design/methodology/approach
VDL considers value as rooted on axiology, actor-network theory, the hygge concept and is deployed through seven organizational principles deriving from the original eight VDL principles (Mahajan, 2017).
Findings
It is necessary to consider value in its polysemous meanings as an emergent element and a result of people’s interpretation based on norms and beliefs. At the same time, managers conceptualize businesses to create stimuli for the markets and society and favoring the emergence of a positive and sustainable value. This study explains how organizations and managers can be driven by norms and beliefs and a purpose to make decisions and assume postures and behaviors capable of stimulating the emergence of positive and sustainable value, creating opportunities for humanity at large; this managerial behavior creates conditions for value creation, and it is framed in VDL.
Research limitations/implications
A research agenda is provided that can spawn fruitful research in VDL.
Practical implications
This study develops the theoretical roots for a management approach that will support organizations and managers in interpreting their role as stimulators of value.
Social implications
The study focuses on the well-being and happiness of all the stakeholders.
Originality/value
The study developed organizational principles deeply rooted in the VDL.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of consumption values (such as functional value, emotional value and social value) on purchase intention of customers’ regarding green ...products and to examine the influence of green trust as a mediator.
Design/methodology/approach
Cross-sectional research design was considered where self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from the respondents. Both statistical package for social science (SPSS) and partial least square (PLS) method, a second-generation technique of structural equation modeling (SEM), were used as statistical tools for analyzing the model and for estimating the parameters.
Findings
Emotional value has paramount influence on green purchase intention whereas the other two dimensions of consumption values have insignificant impact on customers’ green purchase intention. Moreover, green trust has the most significant effect on customers’ green purchase intention and green trust showed significant mediating effect between three dimensions of consumption values and green purchase intention.
Practical implications
The findings of the current study may assist the organizations and business owners with the understanding of green consumption and business strategies designed to address the environmental issues. Marketers should emphasize on products functional benefits as well as products social and, most importantly, on emotional benefits to enhance customers’ environment-friendly behavior.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is the first to measure the impact of consumption values on green buying intention with the role of green trust as a mediator in Bangladesh. The outcome demonstrates how several variables interact with each other to influence green purchase intention.
We demonstrate how religiosity predicts relationships between personal values and perceptions of morality in four studies across two cultures (Jews in Israel and mainly Christians in the US). In ...Studies 1A (N = 337) and 1B (N = 200), we explored the commonalities and differences between religious and non‐religious participants in the association between values and the importance of being moral. In Studies 2A (N = 131) and 2B (N = 250), we tested the role of religiosity in the association between values and evaluations of others’ morality. Power (negatively) and Benevolence (positively) were associated with morality across levels of religiosity. The associations with Conservation were more positive for more religious participants; the associations with Universalism were more positive for less religious participants. Finally, the associations with at least one of the Openness‐to‐change values were more negative if a person was more religious. Studies 2A and 2B showed these associations existed over and above differences in personal values.
In this paper we first establish several integral identities involving the multiple polylogarithm functions and the Kaneko-Tsumura A-function, which can be thought as a single-variable multiple ...polylogarithm function of level two. We find that these integrals can be expressed in terms of multiple zeta (star) values, their related variants (multiple t-values, multiple T-values, multiple S-values, etc.), and multiple harmonic (star) sums and their related variants (multiple T-harmonic sums, multiple S-harmonic sums, etc.), which are closely related to some special types of Schur multiple zeta values and their generalizations. Using these integral identities, we prove many explicit evaluations of Kaneko-Yamamoto multiple zeta values and their related variants. Further, we derive some relations involving multiple zeta (star) values and their related variants.
This study re-examined the impact of personal and organizational values congruency on positive work outcomes and investigated the extent to which this relationship is affected by demographic ...variables. Data collection paralleled an earlier study (Posner and Schmidt, Journal of Business Ethics 12,1993, 341) and validated those findings, lending additional credibility to the continuing importance of this phenomenon. Both personal values congruence and organizational values clarity were significantly related to commitment, satisfaction, motivation, anxiety, work stress, and ethics using a cross-sectional sample of 711 managen from across the United States. Gender, educational level, and functional area did not impact these relationships, although years of experience (expressed by age, managerial experience, and hierarchical level) did make a difference.
The Unifying Moral Dyad Schein, Chelsea; Gray, Kurt
Personality & social psychology bulletin,
08/2015, Letnik:
41, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Do moral disagreements regarding specific issues (e.g., patriotism, chastity) reflect deep cognitive differences (i.e., distinct cognitive mechanisms) between liberals and conservatives? Dyadic ...morality suggests that the answer is “no.” Despite moral diversity, we reveal that moral cognition—in both liberals and conservatives—is rooted in a harm-based template. A dyadic template suggests that harm should be central within moral cognition, an idea tested—and confirmed—through six specific hypotheses. Studies suggest that moral judgment occurs via dyadic comparison, in which counter-normative acts are compared with a prototype of harm. Dyadic comparison explains why harm is the most accessible and important of moral content, why harm organizes—and overlaps with—diverse moral content, and why harm best translates across moral content. Dyadic morality suggests that various moral content (e.g., loyalty, purity) are varieties of perceived harm and that past research has substantially exaggerated moral differences between liberals and conservatives.
Four studies tested whether cultural values moderate the content of gender stereotypes, such that male stereotypes more closely align with core cultural values (specifically, individualism vs. ...collectivism) than do female stereotypes. In Studies 1 and 2, using different measures, Americans rated men as less collectivistic than women, whereas Koreans rated men as more collectivistic than women. In Study 3, bicultural Korean Americans who completed a survey in English about American targets rated men as less collectivistic than women, whereas those who completed the survey in Korean about Korean targets did not, demonstrating how cultural frames influence gender stereotype content. Study 4 established generalizability by reanalyzing Williams and Best's (1990) cross-national gender stereotype data across 26 nations. National individualism-collectivism scores predicted viewing collectivistic traits as more-and individualistic traits as less-stereotypically masculine. Taken together, these data offer support for the cultural moderation of gender stereotypes hypothesis, qualifying past conclusions about the universality of gender stereotype content.
The present note explores sources of misplaced criticisms of P-values, such as conflicting definitions of "significance levels" and "P-values" in authoritative sources, and the consequent ...misinterpretation of P-values as error probabilities. It then discusses several properties of P-values that have been presented as fatal flaws: That P-values exhibit extreme variation across samples (and thus are "unreliable"), confound effect size with sample size, are sensitive to sample size, and depend on investigator sampling intentions. These properties are often criticized from a likelihood or Bayesian framework, yet they are exactly the properties P-values should exhibit when they are constructed and interpreted correctly within their originating framework. Other common criticisms are that P-values force users to focus on irrelevant hypotheses and overstate evidence against those hypotheses. These problems are not however properties of P-values but are faults of researchers who focus on null hypotheses and overstate evidence based on misperceptions that p = 0.05 represents enough evidence to reject hypotheses. Those problems are easily seen without use of Bayesian concepts by translating the observed P-value p into the Shannon information (S-value or surprisal) -log
2
(p).
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