Building contractors' value systems is a powerful force in establishing a construction sector free from corruption. Thus, this study examined the value systems of building contractors and assessed ...how these systems' psychological impacts affected the construction industry's corruption indicators. Using the theoretical lens of social adaptation theory, this study postulated that a building contractor's tolerance for corruption is psychologically influenced by their value system. Quantitative data were collected from contractors engaged in building and civil engineering projects in Nigeria. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was used to test the proposition. The study discovered that the value system of building contractors includes achievement, teamwork, openness, resourcefulness, excellence, precision, efficiency, and self-respect. Results from the MLR showed that none of the values in the value system have very notable effects on corruption indicators. The study's conclusions imply that the building contractors' current value system does not provide the desired level of anti-corruption defense. The conclusions suggest that the building contractors' value system should be modified and reformed through ethical education and professional growth. The study added to knowledge by showing that a value system may not be corrupt-oriented while still lacking the anticipated anti-corruption defense.
The aim of this research is to find out more deeply about the implementation of moral education values at the Mutiara Kebonan integrated Islamic elementary school. This research is a ...qualitativeresearch. The subjects of this research were school principals, school management, PAI teachers and students. Data was obtained through observation, structured interviews and documentation as well as relevant literature results. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman analysis model called interactive analysis. This analysis is divided into several stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the implementation of moral education values is through advice, example, attention and habituation. Meanwhile, the moral education values applied are the Value of Moral Education towards Allah SWT, the Value of Moral Education towards the Prophet Muhammad SAW and the Value of Moral Education towards the Family.
•Concept of weak values as a tool to investigate the past of quantum systems.•Quantum paradoxes: disappearing particle, quantum Cheshire cat, three-box paradox.•Weak values do not capture the ...complete truth about the past of a quantum particle.•Two state vector formalism is not a complete description of quantum systems.•ABL retrodiction rule of counterfactual probability assignments is questionable.
Weak values inferred from weak measurements have been proposed as a tool to investigate trajectories of pre- and post-selected quantum systems. Are the inferences drawn from the weak values about the past of a quantum particle fully true? Can the two-state vector formalism predict everything that the standard formalism of quantum mechanics can? To investigate these questions we present a “which-path” gedanken experiment in which the information revealed by a pre- and post-selected quantum system is surprisingly different from what one would expect from the weak values computed using the two-state vector formalism. In our gedanken experiment, a particle reveals its presence in locations where the weak value of the projection operator onto those locations was vanishingly small. Therefore our predictions turn out to be in contradistinction to those made based on the non-vanishing weak values as the presence indicators of the quantum particle. We propose a six port photon-based interferometer setup as a possible physical realization of our gedanken experiment.
For generations, marginalized communities have been impacted by discriminatory land use, zoning, and property valuation policies, from redlining in the 1930s to the siting of undesirable land uses ...that persists today. Because of these policies, marginalized communities are forced to contend with low property values, substandard infrastructure, and increased health risks. The very same mechanisms that created these injustices, however, may now be key to addressing them. This Article introduces "greenlining" as a land use planning mechanism that seeks to remediate historical housing, siting, and economic disparities while forging a path toward energy and environmental justice. Greenlining, the productive and equitable reimagining of redlining, uses the tripartite structure of sustainability-environment, economy, and equity. Where redlining was a marker for discrimination and injustice, greenlining lies at the crossroads of land use planning and environmentalism, serving the dual purpose of mitigating climate change and prioritizing social justice. Ultimately, greenlining is about investing in marginalized communities that have borne the brunt of regulatory and environmental harms while equitably grappling with the most pressing issue of our time: climate change.
Using the theory of consumption values, this research proposes to explore the consumer choice behavior for green products in Pakistan. Functional value (price and quality), social value, conditional ...value, epistemic value, and emotional value and environmental value were used to study the consumer choice behavior for green products. It also gauges the extent to which emotional value moderates the impact of other consumption values on green product consumer choice behavior. Based on a sample of 260 respondents, the results indicate that functional value (price), social value and environmental value have a positive impact on green product consumer choice behavior, while conditional value and epistemic value have a negative effect. Functional value (quality) and emotional value do not influence green product consumer choice behavior. As a moderator, emotional value has a significant effect on the role of functional value, social value, conditional value, epistemic value and environmental value. This confirms and significantly adds to the literature of green product consumer choice behavior in a developing market.
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•Functional (price), social and environmental value have a positive effect on green product behavior.•Conditional and epistemic value have a negative effect on green product behavior.•Functional (quality) and emotional value do not influence choice behavior.•Emotional value significantly moderated consumption values and green product consumer choice behavior.
Matrix perturbation inequalities, such as Weyl's theorem (concerning the singular values) and the Davis–Kahan theorem (concerning the singular vectors), play essential roles in quantitative science; ...in particular, these bounds have found application in data analysis as well as related areas of engineering and computer science.
In many situations, the perturbation is assumed to be random, and the original matrix has certain structural properties (such as having low rank). We show that, in this scenario, classical perturbation results, such as Weyl and Davis–Kahan, can be improved significantly. We believe many of our new bounds are close to optimal and also discuss some applications.
The structural and mechanical stability of Fe
TaAl and Fe
TaGa alloys along with the electronic properties are explored with the help of density functional theory. On applying different ...approximations, the enhancement of semiconducting gap follows the trend as GGA < mBJ < GGA + U. The maximum forbidden gaps observed by GGA + U method are E
= 1.80 eV for Fe
TaAl and 1.30 eV for Fe
TaGa. The elastic parameters are simulated to determine the strength and ductile nature of these materials. The phonon calculations determine the dynamical stability of all these materials because of the absence of any negative frequencies. Basic understandings of structural, elastic, mechanical and phonon properties of these alloys are studied first time in this report.
•Different planning systems produce divergent spatial realities for LVC tools.•Specific elements of deal- and plan-making are relevant to understand equity in LVC.•Planning practice/decision-making ...processes are key in distributional outcomes.
Land value capture (LVC) refers to the public sector’s recovery of part or all of the land value increments (‘unearned’ income) generated by actions other than the landowner’s direct investment, including public investments in infrastructure or administrative changes in land use norms and regulations. LVC is increasingly used around the world as a tool to raise funds for urban development. This paper analyzes two LVC tools, one used in Toronto and the other in São Paulo, to show how different approaches produce divergent outcomes in practice. Expert interviews and an analysis of secondary quantitative data show that São Paulo’s formula-led approach is bureaucratized, compared with Toronto’s politicized process and that benefits from Toronto’s Section 37 are primarily located in the central wealthier neighbourhoods, while in São Paulo benefits are more dispersed. The comparison between the two cases highlights different approaches that reflect divergent values, rationales, socio-economic realities and political cultures which ultimately produce varied outcomes. The contrasting tools’ distributional and equity outcomes in Toronto and São Paulo raise questions about how cities can best share the benefits of urbanization to ensure equity and justice for all city residents.
The Precautionary Principle is both celebrated and criticized. It has become an important principle for decision making, but it is also subject to criticism. One problem that is often pointed out ...with the principle is that is not clear what it actually says and how to use it. I have taken on this problem by performing an analysis of some of the most influential formulations of the principle in an attempt to identify the core ideas behind it, with the purpose of producing a formulation of the principle that is clear and practically applicable.
It was found that what is called the Precautionary Principle is not a principle that tells us what do to achieve extra precaution or how to handle situations when extra precaution is called for. Instead, it was found to be a list of circumstances that each justify extra precaution. An analysis of some of the most common and influential formulations of the Precautionary Principle identified four such circumstances: (1) When we deal with important values that tend to be systematically downplayed by traditional decision methods – such as human health and the environment. (2) When we suspect that the decision might lead to irreversible and severe consequences and the values at stake are also irreplaceable, (3) When timing is at least as important as being right. (4) When it is more important to avoid false negatives than false positives.
This interpretation of the Precautionary Principle does not say anything about what kind of actions to take when extra precaution is called for, but it does provide a clear and practically useful list of circumstances that call for extra precaution and that is not subject to the most common objections to the Precautionary Principle.
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•Identification of the core ideas of the Precautionary Principle.•Systematically underestimated values justify extra precaution.•Threats of irreversible, irreplaceable, severe effects justifies extra precaution.•Extra precaution is justified when timing is at least as important as being right.•Extra precaution is justified when false negatives are worse than false positives.
Abstract
Recent research has pointed to value congruence between a firm and its stakeholders as a key driver of corporate socio‐political activism. However, this ‘stakeholder alignment’ model of ...corporate activism does not adequately explain how firms foster value congruence with their stakeholders. Drawing from an inductive study of Patagonia, Inc., we develop a social‐symbolic work perspective of stakeholder alignment for corporate activism by introducing the concept of ‘value congruence work’. Our findings demonstrate how
attractional
value congruence work aims to draw in stakeholders with similar values to engage with the firm, and
co‐evolutionary
value congruence work facilitates different forms of learning to sustain alignment between a firm and its stakeholders. Our findings offer new insights for research on corporate socio‐political activism and values work in organizations.
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