Public Values Jørgensen, Torben Beck; Bozeman, Barry
Administration & society,
05/2007, Letnik:
39, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Exploring boundaries and meanings of public value, the authors seek to identify some of the impediments to progress in the study of public values. The study of public values is often hamstrung by ...more general problems in the study of values. The authors begin by identifying analytical problems in the study of values and public values. Then they take stock of the public values universe. To identify public value concepts, relevant literature is reviewed and interpreted. Finally, the analytical questions posed in the first section are addressed, focusing specifically on issues related to the hierarchy, causality, and proximity of public values.
The positive relation of biospheric and altruistic values as well as the negative relation of egoistic and hedonic values to environmentally responsible behavior, are established findings in ...environmental psychological research. Recent findings revealed that compassion, the sensitivity to the suffering of other individuals, is also relevant for proenvironmental intentions. We tested the role of compassion in combination with universal altruistic, biospheric, egoistic, and hedonic values concerning an environmentally responsible behavior with an explicit social and hedonic component: sustainable fashion consumption. In a large survey study (n = 981), we found that compassion was positively linked to sustainable purchase criteria. The manipulation of compassion in an online study (n = 197) resulted in a small, positive effect on the willingness to pay extra for fair trade clothes. Moreover, we found that hedonic values showed a consistent negative relation to sustainable fashion consumption in both studies, thus corroborating former research on the critical relevance of hedonic values in the context of proenvironmental behavior.
Some participants of the public debate have argued that the world before and after the coronavirus crisis will look fundamentally different. An underlying assumption is that this crisis will alter ...public opinion in such a way that it leads to profound societal and political change. Scholarship suggests that while some policy preferences are quite volatile and prone to change under the influence of crises, core values formed during childhood are likely to remain stable. In this article, we test stability or change of a well-selected set of opinions and values before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We rely on a unique longitudinal panel study whereby the Dutch fieldwork of the European Values Study 2017 web survey serves as a baseline; respondents were re-approached in May 2020. The findings indicate that values remain largely stable. However, there is an increase in political support, confirming the so-called rally effect. We conclude our manuscript with a response to the futurists expecting changes in public opinion because of the coronavirus crisis.
Values have been discussed both in relation to the normative character of Ecological Economics and, albeit implicitly, in conceptions of human beings. Nevertheless, a conceptualisation of ...individually-held values remains underdeveloped. Scholars who do engage on a conceptual level tend to focus on the values of nature in the context of ecosystem services, with less emphasis on: (a) more generally-held values, (b) the psychological mechanisms for value formation and (c) how this understanding can be leveraged to achieve a sustainable future. In this paper, we revisit Milton Rokeach's concept of instrumental and terminal values, and draw upon it to stress the importance of both desirable end states and the means to achieve the goals endorsed by Ecological Economics. Considering these concepts with respect to the emerging literature on inner transformations for sustainability, we adopt a deliberative inside-out perspective on value change. Our conceptualisation of human values and value change provides scholars with new tools to understand and study different dimensions that help to engage with the transformation towards sustainability from a human level, behavioural perspective.
This paper presents an overview of the social and cultural values attributed to live music ecologies in urban environments. It is grounded in a qualitative content analysis of live music reports and ...strategies from Australia, the United States, South Africa, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Scotland and the Netherlands. Contributing to the emerging scholarly literature on urban live music ecologies, this study enhances the understanding of the social and cultural merits of popular music concerts to cities. To date, the ways in which the social and cultural values of urban live music ecologies can be supported has received too little attention, because the emphasis in the public discourse has been on the economic impact of music-making. In our analysis, we found three different dimensions for social value (social capital, public engagement and identity) and three for cultural value (musical creativity, cultural vibrancy and talent development). Furthermore, we discuss how these values can be supported through specific cultural policies and urban planning interventions.
•Offers a conceptualisation of the sociocultural merits of live music to cities•Examines the social and cultural values attributed to live music ecologies•Social value concerns social capital, public engagement and identity.•Cultural values are musical creativity, cultural vibrancy and talent development.•Contributes to the emerging scholarly literature on urban live music ecologies
Value Judgments and the True Self Newman, George E.; Bloom, Paul; Knobe, Joshua
Personality & social psychology bulletin,
02/2014, Letnik:
40, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The belief that individuals have a “true self” plays an important role in many areas of psychology as well as everyday life. The present studies demonstrate that people have a general tendency to ...conclude that the true self is fundamentally good—that is, that deep inside every individual, there is something motivating him or her to behave in ways that are virtuous. Study 1 finds that observers are more likely to see a person’s true self reflected in behaviors they deem to be morally good than in behaviors they deem to be bad. Study 2 replicates this effect and demonstrates observers’ own moral values influence what they judge to be another person’s true self. Finally, Study 3 finds that this normative view of the true self is independent of the particular type of mental state (beliefs vs. feelings) that is seen as responsible for an agent’s behavior.
Personal values have been widely recognized as important determinants of individuals’ behaviour. But can behaviour be shaped by the values one attributes to others? Focusing on interdependent ...interactions, this research integrates literature on personal values and the role of expectations in social dilemmas to investigate the overlooked effect of value perceptions on people's choices. In Study 1, players in a prisoner's dilemma (a game capturing cooperation vs. competition) who were informed that their partner prioritized self‐transcendence values tended to cooperate more than players informed that the partner prioritized self‐enhancement values. In Study 2, players in the same game who assumed their partner was higher in self‐transcendence values and lower in self‐enhancement values were more likely to opt for the cooperative choice. In Study 3, players in a chicken game (a game capturing risk‐taking vs. risk‐avoidance) who assumed their partner was higher in conservation values and lower in openness‐to‐change values were more likely to opt for the riskier choice in the game. Study 4 indicated that the effect of perceived values on behaviour is mediated by assumptions regarding the partner's choice. Perceived values of the other side predicted behaviour beyond the perceiver's own values. We discuss the relationships between own and perceived values and our contributions to the values literature and conflict research.
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