The history of the Great Patriotic War is multifaceted, and the disclosure of the role of the scientific and technical intelligentsia of the North Caucasus during the war years allows us to give an ...objective picture of the processes taking place in the country at the regional level. The intelligentsia, that consists of various socio-professional groups, made a feasible contribution to the defeat of the enemy. The scientific and technical intelligentsia played a big role in ensuring the country's defense capability, helped supply the army with high-quality military equipment, weapons and ammunition, their developments increased labor productivity. The efforts of scientists and constructors ensured progress in the creation of military equipment, the continuous growth of the combat performance of Soviet weapons, which became the most important condition for the victory of the Soviet people in the war. An important condition that ensures a quick and comprehensive approach to solving actual problems in the implementation of scientific developments to meet the needs of the front was the creation of new management structures, the broad involvement of the country's leading scientists to work in the departments and committees of the State Defense Committee, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, in key People's commissariats. This made it possible to optimally direct scientific activity to solving the tasks that the war set for Soviet science. The creation and organization of serial production of advanced military equipment was carried out according to the «science-technology-production» system. The extreme difficulty and scale of the tasks that were solved by the state executive and administrative bodies during the Great Patriotic War was the timely training of scientific and technical personnel. On the instructions of the SDC and the CPC of the USSR, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1943–1945 did a lot of work on the main directions of their further development. At that time, the main directions in the development of a number of areas in science and technology were determined – chemistry, rocket technology, nuclear energy. The war made adjustments to the training of intelligentsia personnel. Universities and technical schools of the region had to solve the most difficult task of training technical intelligentsia.
Tens of thousands of Italian civilians perished in the Allied bombing raids of World War II. More of them died after the Armistice of September 1943 than before, when the air attacks were intended to ...induce Italy’s surrender. Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945 addresses this seeming paradox, by examining the views of Allied political and military leaders, Allied air crews, and Italians on the ground. It tells the stories of a little-known diplomat (Myron Charles Taylor), military strategist (Solly Zuckerman), resistance fighter (Aldo Quaranta), and peace activist (Vera Brittain) – architects and opponents of the bombing strategies. It describes the fate of ordinary civilians, drawing on a wealth of local and digital archival sources, memoir accounts, novels, and films, including Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 and John Huston’s The Battle of San Pietro. The book will be of interest to readers concerned about the ethical, legal, and human dimensions of bombing and its effects on civilians, to students of military strategy and Italian history, and to World War II buffs. They will benefit from a people-focused history that draws on a range of eclectic and rarely used sources in English and Italian.
A Karola-vonal erődítési rendszere Ádám, Balázs
Hadtudomanyi Szemle = Military Science Review,
12/2022, Letnik:
15, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Kutatási eredményem újdonsága, hogy jelenleg ez a legrészletesebb, legfrissebb és a legszélesebb körű forrásfelhasználással készült leírás az Északi-középhegység déli lábánál húzódó egykori védelmi ...rendszer, a Karola-vonal Aszód–Gyöngyösterepszakaszon létesült állásairól és azok elhelyezkedéséről. Magával az állásrendszer kutatásával és elhelyezkedésével sem foglalkozott még tudomásom szerint szélesebb körben senki, így a témában eddig megjelent publikációk is rendkívül rövidek, és csak általános, átfogó információkat tartalmaznak a területtel kapcsolatban. A kutatással célom volt a magyar hadtörténelem e hiányának kitöltése, illetve kiegészítést/alapot nyújtani a már elkészült és a folyamatban lévő vagy tervezett fémkereső-műszeres II. világháborús kutatásaim helyszíneinek pontos kijelöléséhez.A Karola-vonal kutatásához vizsgáltam a szovjet csapatok által készített térképeket, jelentéseket és az azokban található vázlatokat, valamint a Karola-vonal feltételezett elhelyezkedéséről mentén lévő települések II. világháborús helytörténeti kutatásait, illetve légi fényképeket, terepi bejárások eredményeit és helyenként a fémkereső-műszeres kutatás tapasztalatait is.
"Between 1941 and 1945, some 6,500 Berlin Jews, in fear for their lives, made the choice to flee their impending deportations and live submerged in the shadows of the capital of Nazi Germany. The ...experience was brutally difficult, and most did not survive. Yet the experiences of 1,700 who did demonstrate a remarkable and hitherto unconsidered level of agency among the survivors. This book sheds light on the daily life of those who hid and on the city that was both the source of their persecution and the site of their survival. "
Abstract
If it continues, deglobalization may lead not to atomization but two overlapping international orders: a liberal one (LIO) led by the United States, and an authoritarian–capitalist one ...(ACIO) led by China. This equilibrium could emerge because a central purpose of international orders is to preserve the domestic regimes of their Great Power sponsors. The United States and China have markedly different domestic regimes, and so as China continues to grow in power and influence, tension over the content of international order should continue to grow. I borrow from Darwinian evolution the notion of ‘niche construction’: just as organisms alter phenotype selection by manipulating their natural environments, states can alter the ‘selection’ of domestic regimes by shaping their international environments. Modes of international niche construction include foreign regime promotion, interdependence, transnational interaction and multilateral institutions. The liberal democratic niche constructed by the United States and its allies after the Second World War preserved democracy for many decades. Today, China is attempting through various means to build a niche that will eliminate the liberal bias in international institutions and safeguard its own Market-Leninist regime. The resulting ACIO would select for autocracy and hence be partially separate from the LIO, which selects for liberal democracy.
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