Purpose - The objective of this paper is to conceptualise supply chain resilience (SCRES) and to identify and explore empirically its relationship with the related concepts of supply chain ...vulnerability (SCV) and supply chain risk management (SCRM).Design methodology approach - From a review of the literature the conceptual domain of SCRES is defined and the proposed relationships with SCRM and SCV are derived. Data from a longitudinal case study with three supply chains are presented to explore the relationship between the concepts in the context of the global financial crisis.Findings - The empirical data provide support for a positive impact of supply chain risk (SCR) effect and knowledge management on SCRES and from SCRES on SCV. SCR effect and knowledge management seem to enhance the SCRES by improving the flexibility, visibility, velocity and collaboration capabilities of the supply chain. Thereby, they decrease the SCV in a disruptive risk event. The positive effects manifest themselves in upstream supplier networks of supply chains as well as in distribution channels to the customers.Research limitations implications - The recession caused by the financial crisis has illustrated the importance of SCRES in today's interdependent global economy vividly. However, the concept is still in its infancy and has not received the same attention as its counterparts SCRM and SCV. The study confirms the benefit of resilient supply chains and outlines future research needs.Practical implications - The paper identifies which supply chain capabilities can support the containment of disruptions and how these capabilities can be supported by effective SCRM.Originality value - To date, there has been no empirical study which has investigated supply chain resilience in a disruptive global event.
Within a single integrated globalized economy featuring robust fluxes of interregional trades, the world economy is like a giant bathtub containing the world inventory of energy use. Based on ...different norms or ethic percepts, the energy use of the world economy is reallocated to nations and regions via global supply chain using normative accounting schemes. By combining typical statistics for world economy 2012, a new perspective is presented in this study to look into the energy use of regional economies from the side of genuine final consumers. Parallel to the final-demand-based accounting method, a total-consumption-based multi-region input-output accounting method is developed following the norm of consumption being the ultimate end and purpose of all producing activities. From a total-consumption-based perspective, the energy use of the United States economy is shown in magnitude 1.8 times that of mainland China, compared to a ratio of 88% from a territorial-based perspective. The consumer-product-related trade imbalances of major economies in terms of both currency and energy use are analyzed, with major interregional net trade flows illustrated. While the United States and mainland China are respectively revealed as the leading net exporter and net importer of currency, the energy trade deficit of the latter is in magnitude around four times the energy trade surplus of the former. The trade structures by geography and sector are respectively presented for the United States and mainland China as two distinct economies. It is found that around half of the United States' exports of energy use originate from transport and service industries, while nearly 90% of mainland China's exports of energy use come from heavy industry. The findings are supportive for nations to identify their roles in the global supply chain from the perspective of genuine final consumers and adjust the trade patterns for sustained energy use.
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•A global energy profile is constructed from the side of genuine final consumers.•A total-consumption-based multi-region input-output accounting scheme is developed.•Energy use of the United States is 1.8 times that of mainland China.•Mainland China accounts for 40% of global total exports of energy use.•Energy trade imbalance of Mainland China is four times that for the United States.
Using a large sample of 3,040 U.S. firms and 16,606 firm-year observations over the 1991–2010 period, we find strong evidence that firm internationalization is positively related to the firm's ...corporate social responsibility (CSR) rating. This finding persists when we use alternative estimation methods, samples, and proxies for internationalization and when we address endogeneity concerns. We also provide evidence that the positive relation between internationalization and CSR rating holds for a large sample of firms from 44 countries. Finally, we offer novel evidence that firms with extensive foreign subsidiaries in countries with well-functioning political and legal institutions have better CSR ratings. Our findings shed light on the role of internationalization in influencing multinational firms' CSR activities in the U.S. and around the world.
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