Background
: As the standard for the exchange of data over the World Wide Web, it is important to ensure that the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) database is capable of supporting not only efficient ...query processing but also capable of enduring frequent data update operations over the dynamic changes of Web content. Most of the existing XML annotation is based on a labeling scheme to identify each hierarchical position of the XML nodes. This computation is costly as any updates will cause the whole XML tree to be re-labelled. This impact can be observed on large datasets. Therefore, a robust labeling scheme that avoids re-labeling is crucial.
Method: Here, we present ORD-GAP (named after Order Gap), a robust and persistent XML labeling scheme that supports dynamic updates. ORD-GAP assigns unique identifiers with gaps in-between XML nodes, which could easily identify the level, Parent-Child (P-C), Ancestor-Descendant (A-D) and sibling relationship. ORD-GAP adopts the OrdPath labeling scheme for any future insertion.
Results: We demonstrate that ORD-GAP is robust enough for dynamic updates, and have implemented it in three use cases: (i) left-most, (ii) in-between and (iii) right-most insertion. Experimental evaluations on DBLP dataset demonstrated that ORD-GAP outperformed existing approaches such as ORDPath and ME Labeling concerning database storage size, data loading time and query retrieval. On average, ORD-GAP has the best storing and query retrieval time.
Conclusion: The main contributions of this paper are: (i) A robust labeling scheme named ORD-GAP that assigns certain gap between each node to support future insertion, and (ii) An efficient mapping scheme, which built upon ORD-GAP labeling scheme to transform XML into RDB effectively.
Many information systems use XML documents to store data and to interact with other systems. Abnormal documents, which can be the result of either an on-going cyber attack or the actions of a benign ...user, can potentially harm the interacting systems and are therefore regarded as a threat. In this paper we address the problem of anomaly detection and localization in XML documents using machine learning techniques. We present XML-AD – a new XML anomaly detection framework. Within this framework, an automatic method for extraction of feature from XML documents as well as a practical method for transforming XML features into vectors of fixed dimensionality was developed. With these two methods in place, the XML-AD framework makes it possible to utilize general learning algorithms for anomaly detection. The core of the framework consists of a novel multi-univariate anomaly detection algorithm, ADIFA. The framework was evaluated using four XML documents datasets which were obtained from real information systems. It achieved over 89% true positive detection rate with less than 0.2% of false positives.
Internet of Things for Smart Cities Zanella, Andrea; Bui, Nicola; Castellani, Angelo ...
IEEE internet of things journal,
2014-Feb., 2014-2-00, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The Internet of Things (IoT) shall be able to incorporate transparently and seamlessly a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of ...data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. In this paper, we focus specifically to an urban IoT system that, while still being quite a broad category, are characterized by their specific application domain. Urban IoTs, in fact, are designed to support the Smart City vision, which aims at exploiting the most advanced communication technologies to support added-value services for the administration of the city and for the citizens. This paper hence provides a comprehensive survey of the enabling technologies, protocols, and architecture for an urban IoT. Furthermore, the paper will present and discuss the technical solutions and best-practice guidelines adopted in the Padova Smart City project, a proof-of-concept deployment of an IoT island in the city of Padova, Italy, performed in collaboration with the city municipality.
ThML—the first open, XML-based markup language designed specifically for digital libraries handling theological collections—was first conceived in 1998, sparking a period of development in ...discipline-specific markup languages for theology that lasted until the early 2000s, when the dominance of the TEI standard led the field to stagnate. Despite the disappearance of the active developer communities behind most of the projects as well as technical improvements in the TEI, however, ThML and other languages developed during that period remain in use by several notable projects. After presenting a brief history of theology-specific markup, this article seeks to understand what its persistence tells us about the discipline-specific needs of biblical and theological studies that are still not being met by the TEI, and offers insights as to the lessons that may be drawn from these projects for the future of theological markup.
The goal of the Multispecies Ovary Tissue Histology Electronic Repository (MOTHER) project is to establish a collection of nonhuman ovary histology images for multiple species as a resource for ...researchers and educators. An important component of sharing scientific data is the inclusion of the contextual metadata that describes the data. MOTHER extends the Ecological Metadata Language (EML) for documenting research data, leveraging its data provenance and usage license with the inclusion of metadata for ovary histology images. The design of the MOTHER metadata includes information on the donor animal, including reproductive cycle status, the slide and its preparation. MOTHER also extends the ezEML tool, called ezEML+MOTHER, for the specification of the metadata. The design of the MOTHER database (MOTHERDB) captures the metadata about the histology images, providing a searchable resource for discovering relevant images. MOTHER also defines a curation process for the ingestion of a collection of images and its metadata, verifying the validity of the metadata before its inclusion in the MOTHER collection. A Web search provides the ability to identify relevant images based on various characteristics in the metadata itself, such as genus and species, using filters.
Building Information Modeling (BIM), as a rising technology in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, has been applied to various research topics from project planning, ...structural design, facility management, among others. Furthermore, with the increasing demand for energy efficiency, the AEC industry requires an expeditious energy retrofit of the existing building stock to successfully achieve the 2020 Energy Strategy targets.
As such, this article seeks to survey the recent developments in the energy efficiency of buildings, combining energy retrofitting and the technological capabilities of BIM, providing a critical exposition in both engineering and energy domains. The result is a thorough review of the work done by other authors in relevant fields, comprising the entire spectrum from on-site data acquisition, through the generation of Building Energy Models (BEM), data transfer to energy analysis software and, finally, the identification of major issues throughout this process. Additionally, a BIM-based methodology centered on the acquired knowledge is presented.
Solutions for as-built data acquisition such as laser scanning and infrared thermography, and on-site energy tests that benefit the acquisition of energy-related data are explored. The most predominant BIM software regarding not only energy analysis but also model development is examined. In addition, interoperability restrictions between BIM and energy analysis software are addressed using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and Green Building Extensible Markup Language (gbXML) schemes.
Lastly, the article argues the future innovations in this subject, predicting future trends and challenges for the industry.
•A BIM-based methodology for building energy-retrofit is presented.•Multiple methods for geometric and energy-related data acquisition are examined.•Evaluation of the usage of BIM authoring and energy-analysis tools in scientific research.•Analysis of the interoperability between energy and authoring tools.
A comprehensive Arabic handwritten text database is an essential resource for Arabic handwritten text recognition research. This is especially true due to the lack of such database for Arabic ...handwritten text. In this paper, we report our comprehensive Arabic offline Handwritten Text database (KHATT) consisting of 1000 handwritten forms written by 1000 distinct writers from different countries. The forms were scanned at 200, 300, and 600 dpi resolutions. The database contains 2000 randomly selected paragraphs from 46 sources, 2000 minimal text paragraph covering all the shapes of Arabic characters, and optionally written paragraphs on open subjects. The 2000 random text paragraphs consist of 9327 lines. The database forms were randomly divided into 70%, 15%, and 15% sets for training, testing, and verification, respectively. This enables researchers to use the database and compare their results. A formal verification procedure is implemented to align the handwritten text with its ground truth at the form, paragraph and line levels. The verified ground truth database contains meta-data describing the written text at the page, paragraph, and line levels in text and XML formats. Tools to extract paragraphs from pages and segment paragraphs into lines are developed. In addition we are presenting our experimental results on the database using two classifiers, viz. Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and our novel syntactic classifier.
The database is made freely available to researchers world-wide for research in various handwritten-related problems such as text recognition, writer identification and verification, forms analysis, pre-processing, segmentation. Several international research groups/researchers acquired the database for use in their research so far.
•KHATT final statistics updated, new figures added and literature review extended.•The verification procedure of the ground truth was detailed and more figures added.•Results using HMM & KHATT 6712 segmented lines are reported vs. PILOT 1633 lines.•A section “Data extraction and Pre-processing” is added.•A section on our “structural classification” using KHATT database is added.
Scientific workflows for bibliometrics Guler, Arzu Tugce; Waaijer, Cathelijn J. F.; Palmblad, Magnus
Scientometrics,
2016/5, Letnik:
107, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Scientific workflows organize the assembly of specialized software into an overall data flow and are particularly well suited for multi-step analyses using different types of software tools. They are ...also favorable in terms of reusability, as previously designed workflows could be made publicly available through the myExperiment community and then used in other workflows. We here illustrate how scientific workflows and the Taverna workbench in particular can be used in bibliometrics. We discuss the specific capabilities of Taverna that makes this software a powerful tool in this field, such as automated data import via Web services, data extraction from XML by XPaths, and statistical analysis and visualization with R. The support of the latter is particularly relevant, as it allows integration of a number of recently developed R packages specifically for bibliometrics. Examples are used to illustrate the possibilities of Taverna in the fields of bibliometrics and scientometrics.
Metadata Services for Mobile Phones Sugano, Masaru; Shimizu, Tomoyuki
The Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers,
2007/02/01, Letnik:
61, Številka:
2
Journal Article
PDF
