How can areas of potential agreement be identified and endorsed by citizens in protracted conflicts? In an effort to answer this question, the article introduces a conjoint experiment across the ...ethnically and territorially split communities of Cyprus and tests a range of hypotheses about the structure of public opinion with respect to a future settlement. We test hypotheses on security and credible commitments, the legacy of past negotiations, as well as transitional justice mechanisms following United Nations plans to mediate the conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we demonstrate that a zone of possible agreement (ZOPA) exists from a public opinion perspective. We specifically explore power-sharing in the context of security, provisions for the internally displaced, federal courts, and territorial readjustments and highlight their relative importance for public opinion interventions across conflict-ridden societies.
Decision made by the finance companies in solving the bad credit problems is through the withdrawal of vehicles that have been financed, then sell them through the auction system. Truck withdrawal ...unit is the one with the highest auction frequency. The higher the auction frequency, the lower the vehicle’s minimum price will become or the price will drop. The purposes of this study are to determine the best alternative to be carried out by Astra Credit Companies when analyzed using BATNA in open ascending and sealed highest bid auctions, and to know the price range and condition class of the auction unit that allows for an agreement to take place when analyzed using ZOPA. Based on the type, this is a descriptive qualitative research involving longitudinal observations. The data was collected through interviews with the representatives of Astra Credit Companies and the bidders, observations of the auction processes, and analyses of the auction result’s documentations study. The results reveal that open auction generates higher sales than the sealed one, but the biggest margin between the minimum price and the selling price takes place in the sealed auction. The amount of the minimum price depends on the condition class and the frequency of the auction events of each unit. The suggestion that can be implemented based on the research results for the companies is that they should provide information on an ongoing basis for the prospective bidders or partnering dealers to increase their participations. The maximum payment is results from the sales of ISUZU NKR71HD WOODEN TRUCK (sealed auction) and NKR71 HDDUMPTRK (open auction).
Alcohol consumption among young people is strongly related to alcohol availability. The minimum legal drinking (purchasing) age (MLDA) is a legal measure that regulates alcohol availability to minors ...in Slovenia. This study examines (1) retailers' compliance with the MLDA law in Slovenia and (2) the effectiveness of two interventions directed at cashiers in off-premise stores.
The study uses a non-randomized quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of (1) a communication intervention directed at off-premise store managers, and (2) an intervention by the Slovene Market Inspectorate. The first intervention focused on informing cashiers about MLDA's importance and their role as gatekeepers of young people's health, while the second involved law enforcement. Using the mystery shopping protocol, we conducted two waves of purchase attempts with decoy underage shoppers pre- and post-intervention in 97 off-premise stores. We collected data on the shopping process at the point of sale and conducted 40 semistructured interviews with cashiers to evaluate the barriers and incentives regarding MLDA compliance.
Retailers' initial noncompliance rate with MLDA in off-premise stores was high, but improved significantly after the law enforcement intervention. We identified a significant correlation between the cashiers' ID requests and the refusal of alcohol sales, but cashiers' ID requests remained low. Qualitative findings reveal that cashiers experience several issues when handling MLDA in practice.
Noncompliance with MLDA persisted even after the law enforcement intervention, revealing the need for policy makers to introduce new strategies for MLDA enforcement, such as revocable alcohol licenses for off-premise stores.
Intractable international conflicts and difficult or intractable family conflicts have much in common. Relationships are damaged or destroyed, escalation causes parties to become polarized and make ...bad decisions, communication is strained or nonexistent, and competition and coercion take the place of collaboration. Similarities also exist in the realm of solutions, and those caught in (or intervening in) difficult family conflicts can learn much from the strategies and tactics of international peacebuilders. This article describes eight steps that peacebuilders at both the family level and the international level can take to make very damaging conflicts more constructive.
This paper explores the nature of, and possibilities arising from, dynamic collaboration, where large numbers of people can collaborate on an evolving set of initiatives, without prior knowledge of ...each other. It references early examples of dynamic collaboration including Topcoder, Innocentive, Zopa, and Wikipedia. It then speculates about the future of dynamic collaboration.
Overcoming the Nagorno-Karabakh Stalemate Hopmann, P. Terrence; Zartman, I. William
International negotiation (Hague, Netherlands),
01/2010, Letnik:
15, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
Six authors of the younger generation ‐ three from Armenia and three from Azerbaijan ‐ examine the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in a joint effort to overcome their heritage of stereotypes ...and hostility. While their proposals vary, there is some creative overlap, and all of them recognize the obstacles as four standard characteristics of intractable conflicts: no salient solution, no ripeness, profitability, and no Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA). From these obstacles stem some ideas for creative progress, if not immediate solutions.
Globally, decommissioning of offshore installations has been considered to be one of the biggest challenges facing the oil and gas industry. International conventions on ocean safety now emphasize ...complete removal rather than reefing. This option is complex, requiring scarce technical expertise and environmental sensitivity in challenging environments. Both governments and operators must develop accurate cost estimates for offshore platform decommissioning. The government requires them to guide its negotiations with decommissioning contractors, while operators require them to determine annual remittances to decommissioning accounts built into modern day oil and gas concession contracts. Consequently, a reliable cost estimation method could be used to define a Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA) for offshore platform decommissioning in Malaysian waters before engaging in negotiations with contractors. This would improve value for money and also ensure time value for money. This article looks at current challenges concerning a proposed offshore platform decommissioning price index for Malaysian waters. The conclusion is that these indices are helpful tools for comparisons between conditions across several variables, and are easy to update once developed.
This interactive negotiation exercise was primarily developed for situations where only one or two sessions could be devoted to teaching negotiations. The exercise, which is conducted by the ...instructor with the whole class, involves a two-party negotiation that puts the students in the role of a board member for a nonprofit camp, negotiating with a prospective buyer whose positions are presented sequentially by the instructor. There are multiple decision points during the exercise, each of which requires students to recommend specific tactics or offer amounts. Students come out of the exercise with a greater understanding of the basics of negotiation including negotiation planning; when to make a first offer; how to determine goals, targets, and walkaways; ZOPA; reciprocity; anchoring; emotions; overcoming impasses; and distributive versus integrative negotiations. The exercise has been used in graduate, undergraduate, and executive education settings and is also well suited to a onetime presentation or a workshop.
Community/SANGHA Falcone, Jessica Marie
Battling the Buddha of Love,
09/2018
Book Chapter
In this chapter, I also introduce the readers to the particular transnational Tibetan Buddhist community working to build the Maitreya Statue. This chapter provides an overview of Global Buddhism ...today with special attention to issues of community and identity for FPMTers. In the literature on Global Buddhism, disparate communities of practice are often differentiated with imprecise or careless terminology: 1) for example, Jan Nattier’s use of “ethnic” vs. “elite,” which overstates racial and class factors; or, by using the term “convert,” which is anathema to some people labelled thusly. This chapter makes a substantive contribution to the issue of properly naming disparate practitioners, as I’ve posited a heritage spectrum of practitioners that more sensitively works to contextualize various Buddhists.
PDF
