We previously reported that the intake of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MCC1849 suppressed the onset of cold-like symptoms in healthy young women who were susceptible to colds. This study ...aimed to investigate the effects of MCC1849 on subjective symptoms of physical condition in healthy adults of a wide age range. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, 200 healthy adults were randomly divided into the MCC1849 group or placebo group. The participants received test powder with 50 billion MCC1849 cells or placebo powder without MCC1849 for 24 weeks. Subjective symptoms were assessed by diary scores. Analysis was performed on 183 participants (MCC1849 group; n = 91, placebo group; n = 92) in the per-protocol set. The number of days of stuffy nose and cold-like symptoms was significantly reduced in the MCC1849 group compared with the placebo group. In addition, the duration of stuffy nose, sore throat and cold-like symptoms was significantly lower in the MCC1849 group. No side effects were observed. Therefore, oral intake of MCC1849 suppressed subjective symptoms in healthy adults of a wide age range. These data suggest that MCC1849 may help maintain physical condition.
Emerging adulthood is a time of self-exploration. However, individuals at this stage of life are particularly vulnerable to adverse life experiences that could impact identity development. Research ...indicates the importance of quality social engagement to encourage connection and a sense of belonging during emerging adulthood that supports this vulnerable time. Meaning-making is a positive post-trauma outcome experienced after adversity. Little is known about whether meaning-making is predicted by friendships in emerging adulthood. The purpose of the study is to determine whether quality friendships during emerging adulthood predict the two variables of meaning-making—new possibilities and personal strengths—above and beyond other attachment figures. Using hierarchical multiple regression, we evaluated the relationships between trauma exposure and various relationship structures on the development of meaning-making in a sample of 202 college students. Results supported the role of dependable, close friendship to promote the trajectory toward meaning-making in emerging adulthood.
Abstract
Introduction:
Rest-activity patterns provide an indication of circadian rhythmicity in the free-living setting. We aimed to describe the distributions of rest-activity patterns in a ...convenience sample of adults and children across demographic variables using parametric and non-parametric analytical methods.
Methods:
A sample of adults (N=590) and children (N=58) wore an actigraph on their non-dominant wrist for 7 days and nights. Cosinor regression methods were applied to the accelerometer count data to calculate MESOR, acrophase and amplitude. Non-parametric methods were used to calculate the intra-daily stability, inter-daily variability, most active 10 hour period, least active 5 hour period, and relative amplitude. Demographic variables examined included age, sex, race, education, marital status, and household income. Linear mixed effects models were used to test for demographic differences in rest-activity patterns.
Results:
Adolescents, compared to younger children, had later timing of peak activity (β=1.1 hours 95%CI: 0.4, 1.2 and peak inactivity (β=1.6 hours 95%CI: 0.9, 2.3), lower activity levels during their least and most active periods (β=0.4 ln counts 95%CI: 0.1, 0.6 and β=-709 counts 95%CI: -1003, -416), and less regular rest-activity patterns. Adults (i.e. ages 40 to 49 years), compared to younger adults (ages 18 to 29 years), had earlier timings of peak activity and peak inactivity (β=-1.0 hours 95%CI: -1.6, -0.4 and β=-0.7 hours 95%CI: -1.2, -0.2), and their rest-activity patterns were more regular. Adult females and whites had more stable rest-activity patterns compared to African Americans and adult males. Higher educated adults had a later timing of their peak activities (β= 0.8 hours 95%CI: 0.4, 1.2) and also showed less stable rest-activity patterns.
Conclusion:
Rest-activity patterns vary across the lifespan, and differ by race, sex and education. Understanding population variation in these patterns provides a foundation for further elucidating the health implications of rest-activity patterns across the lifespan.
Support (If Any):
This work was supported by NIH grants U01-CA116850, U54-CA155496, U54-CA155626, U54-CA155435 and U54-CA155850 and 1R01-CA164993. JM, CRM, PJ were supported by NIH grants K01-HL123612, 1F31-CA183125 and K99-CA201542, respectively. MQ was supported by a scholarship from the Tuebinger Program for the Advancement of Women in Science.
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