Simple models for the continuous aerobic biodegradation of phenol in a packed bed reactor Gerrard, Andrew Mark(University of Teesside School Of Science and Technology); Páca Júnior, Jan(Charles University Faculty of Science Department of Biochemistry); Kostecková, Alena(Institute of Chemical Technology Department of Fermentation Chemistry and Bioengineering) ...
Brazilian archives of biology and technology,
07/2006, Letnik:
49, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper proposes the use of a preliminary, phenol removal step to reduce peak loads arriving at a conventional effluent plant. A packed bed reactor (PBR) using polyurethane foam, porous glass and ...also cocoa fibres as the inert support material was used. Experiments have been carried out where the flow-rates, plus inlet and outlet phenol concentrations were measured. A simple, plug-flow model is proposed to represent the results. Zero, first order, Monod and inhibited kinetics rate equations were evaluated. It was found that the Monod model gave the best fit to the experimental data and allowed linear graphs to be plotted. The Monod saturation constant, K, is approximately 50 g m-3, and ka is around 900 s-1.
Este artigo propõe o uso de uma etapa preliminar de remoção de fenol para redução de picos de carga na entrada de sistemas convencionais de tratamento de efluentes. Um reator de leito fixo (RLF) foi usado, tendo como suportes inertes espuma de poliuretano, vidro poroso e também fibras de coco. Nos experimentos foram controladas a vazão e as concentrações de fenol de entrada e saída. Um simples modelo plug-flow é proposto para representar os resultados. Cinéticas de zero e primeira ordens, Monod e de inibição foram avaliadas. Foi verificado que o modelo de Monod foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais, permitindo que gráficos lineares fossem traçados. A constante saturação de Monod, K, é de aproximadamente 50 g m-3 e ka em torno de 900 s-1.
Wastewaters from the dye baths of a non-formal textile-dyeing unit containing C.I. Acid Orange 7 and C.I. Reactive Red 2 were subjected to degradation in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment ...process based on mixed culture of bacteria. The technical samples of the dyestuffs and the dye bath wastes were treated in an anaerobic reactor, using an adapted mixed culture of anaerobic microorganisms. The dyestuffs were biotransformed into colourless substituted amine metabolites in the reactor. The biotransformation was assisted by co-metabolic process. The amine metabolites did not undergo further degradation in the anaerobic reactor. The effluent from the anaerobic reactor was treated in an aerobic rotating biological contactor and the amine metabolites were found to undergo complete mineralization. This two stage treatment resulted in 94% elimination of dissolved organic carbon. In addition, 85% of organic nitrogen was converted into nitrate in the aerobic reactor during nitrification process.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ammonia removal efficiency in the wastewater treatment system of an intensive tilapia laboratory production system with water recirculation. The ...system comprised of a conventional sedimentation basin and an aerobic three-phase fluidized-bed reactor with circulation, operated at hydraulic detention times of 176.4 and 11.9 minutes respectively. Granular activated carbon was used as carrier with apparent density of 1.64 g/cm³ and effective size of 0.34 mm; the carrier concentration into the reactor was maintained constant at 80 g/L. Mean removal efficiency of total ammonia nitrogen was 41.2%. The evaluated system is an effective option for water reuse in aquaculture recirculating systems. In spite of ammonium nitrogen concentration variability which average value was 0.136 mg/L, the reactor influent maintained water quality characteristics in stable conditions, with average concentrations of ammonia nitrogen of 0.079 mg/L and dissolved oxygen concentration of 6.70 mg/L, recommended for fish culture and within the permitted values by the Brazilian legislation (CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of march 5 of 2005) for the disposal of final effluent in receiving water bodies.El objetivo de este trabajo fue monitorear el desempeño de remoción de nitrógeno amoniacal en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales de producción intensiva de tilapia nilótica en un sistema con recirculación de agua. El sistema estuvo constituido por un sedimentador convencional y un reactor aerobio de lecho fluidizado trifásico con circulación, operados con tiempos de retención hidráulica de 176.4 y 11.9 minutos, respectivamente. El medio soporte utilizado en el reactor fue carbón activado granular con densidad aparente de 1.64 g/cm³ y tamaño efectivo de 0.34 mm; la concentración del medio soporte en el reactor se mantuvo constante en 80 g/L. La eficiencia media de remoción del nitrógeno amoniacal total fue de 41.2%. El sistema evaluado es una alternativa efectiva para el reuso del agua en sistemas de recirculación para acuicultura. Pese a la variabilidad de las concentraciones de nitrógeno amoniacal afluente cuyo valor promedio fue de 0.136 mg/L, el efluente del reactor mantuvo las características de calidad del agua en condiciones estables, con concentraciones promedio de nitrógeno amoniacal de 0.079 mg/L y de oxígeno disuelto de 6.70 mg/L, recomendables para el cultivo de los peces y en los valores permitidos por la legislación Brasilera (Resolución CONAMA No. 357 de marzo 5 de 2005) para lanzamiento de efluentes finales en cuerpos de agua receptores.O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar o desempenho de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal no tratamento das águas residuárias da produção intensiva de tilápia nilótica em sistema com recirculação de água. O sistema foi constituído por um sedimentador convencional e um reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado trifásico com circulação, operados com tempos de detenção hidráulica de 176.4 e 11.9 minutos respectivamente. O meio suporte utilizado no reator foi o carvão ativado granular com densidade aparente de 1.64 g/cm³ e tamanho efetivo de 0.34 mm; a concentração do meio suporte no reator foi mantida constante em 80 g/L. A eficiência média de remoção do nitrogênio amoniacal total foi de 41.2%. O sistema avaliado é uma alternativa efetiva para o reuso da água em sistemas de recirculação para aqüicultura. Embora a variabilidade das concentrações do nitrogênio amoniacal afluente cujo valor médio foi de 0.136 mg/L, o efluente do reator conservou as características de qualidade da água estáveis, com concentrações médias de nitrogênio amoniacal de 0.079 mg/L e do oxigênio dissolvido de 6.70 mg/L, recomendáveis para a criação dos peixes e nas faixas de valores permitidos pela legislação Brasileira (Resolução CONAMA No. 357 de março 5 de 2005) para lançamento de efluentes finais nos corpos de água receptores.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ammonia removal efficiency in the wastewater treatment system of an intensive tilapia laboratory production system with water recirculation. The ...system comprised of a conventional sedimentation basin and an aerobic three-phase fluidized-bed reactor with circulation, operated at hydraulic detention times of 176.4 and 11.9 minutes respectively. Granular activated carbon was used as carrier with apparent density of 1.64 g/cm³ and effective size of 0.34 mm; the carrier concentration into the reactor was maintained constant at 80 g/L. Mean removal efficiency of total ammonia nitrogen was 41.2%. The evaluated system is an effective option for water reuse in aquaculture recirculating systems. In spite of ammonium nitrogen concentration variability which average value was 0.136 mg/L, the reactor influent maintained water quality characteristics in stable conditions, with average concentrations of ammonia nitrogen of 0.079 mg/L and dissolved oxygen concentration of 6.70 mg/L, recommended for fish culture and within the permitted values by the Brazilian legislation (CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of march 5 of 2005) for the disposal of final effluent in receiving water bodies.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar o desempenho de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal no tratamento das águas residuárias da produção intensiva de tilápia nilótica em sistema com recirculação de água. O sistema foi constituído por um sedimentador convencional e um reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado trifásico com circulação, operados com tempos de detenção hidráulica de 176.4 e 11.9 minutos respectivamente. O meio suporte utilizado no reator foi o carvão ativado granular com densidade aparente de 1.64 g/cm³ e tamanho efetivo de 0.34 mm; a concentração do meio suporte no reator foi mantida constante em 80 g/L. A eficiência média de remoção do nitrogênio amoniacal total foi de 41.2%. O sistema avaliado é uma alternativa efetiva para o reuso da água em sistemas de recirculação para aqüicultura. Embora a variabilidade das concentrações do nitrogênio amoniacal afluente cujo valor médio foi de 0.136 mg/L, o efluente do reator conservou as características de qualidade da água estáveis, com concentrações médias de nitrogênio amoniacal de 0.079 mg/L e do oxigênio dissolvido de 6.70 mg/L, recomendáveis para a criação dos peixes e nas faixas de valores permitidos pela legislação Brasileira (Resolução CONAMA No. 357 de março 5 de 2005) para lançamento de efluentes finais nos corpos de água receptores.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue monitorear el desempeño de remoción de nitrógeno amoniacal en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales de producción intensiva de tilapia nilótica en un sistema con recirculación de agua. El sistema estuvo constituido por un sedimentador convencional y un reactor aerobio de lecho fluidizado trifásico con circulación, operados con tiempos de retención hidráulica de 176.4 y 11.9 minutos, respectivamente. El medio soporte utilizado en el reactor fue carbón activado granular con densidad aparente de 1.64 g/cm³ y tamaño efectivo de 0.34 mm; la concentración del medio soporte en el reactor se mantuvo constante en 80 g/L. La eficiencia media de remoción del nitrógeno amoniacal total fue de 41.2%. El sistema evaluado es una alternativa efectiva para el reuso del agua en sistemas de recirculación para acuicultura. Pese a la variabilidad de las concentraciones de nitrógeno amoniacal afluente cuyo valor promedio fue de 0.136 mg/L, el efluente del reactor mantuvo las características de calidad del agua en condiciones estables, con concentraciones promedio de nitrógeno amoniacal de 0.079 mg/L y de oxígeno disuelto de 6.70 mg/L, recomendables para el cultivo de los peces y en los valores permitidos por la legislación Brasilera (Resolución CONAMA No. 357 de marzo 5 de 2005) para lanzamiento de efluentes finales en cuerpos de agua receptores.
Bench scale membrane bio-reactors were operated to investigate the treatment efficiency of tannery wastewater with high organic and nitrogen contents and the optimum operating conditions were ...derived. The optimum ratio of the volume of anoxic denitrification tank to aerobic nitrification tank was 50% when denitification/nitrication MBR process was used to treat tannery wastewater. It was also found that supplementation of phosphorus to maintain COD:T-P ratio of 100:1 was needed to achieve the best performance. Under these conditions, the effluent COD and T-N were 160 and 54 mg/L, respectively which satisfied the effluent limits for the tannery wastewater.
The photo-Fenton reaction effect on the biodegradability improvement of 100 mg/L solution of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) has been investigated. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at 5 and 21 days, ${\rm ...BOD}_{{\rm n}}/\text{chemical}$ oxygen demand (COD) and ${\rm BOD}_{{\rm n}}/\text{total}$ organic carbon (TOC) ratios, average oxidation state, and inhibition on activated sludge were monitored. For 50 mg/L hydrogen peroxide and 10 mg/L iron(II) initial concentrations and 40 minutes of reaction time in the photo-Fenton process, the biode-gradability of the pretreated solution, measured as ${\rm BOD}_{5}/{\rm COD}$ ratio, was improved from 0 for the original DCP solution up to 0.18 ( ${\rm BOD}_{21}/{\rm COD}=0.24$ ). At that point, all DCP was eliminated from the solution. To study the effect of the pretreatment step, the biological oxidation of pretreated solutions was tested in two semicontinuous stirred tank reactors, one operated with activated sludge and one with biomass acclimated to phenol. Results showed that more than 80% TOC removal could be obtained by codigestion of the pretreated solution with municipal wastewater. Total organic carbon removals of approximately 60% were also obtained when the sole carbon source for the aerobic reactors was the pretreated solution. The hydraulic retention times used in the bioreactors were of the same order of magnitude as those used at domestic wastewater treatment plants (i.e., between 12 and 24 hours). Kinetic studies based on pseudo-first-order kinetics have also been carried out. Constants were found to be in range 0.67 to 1.7 L·g total volatiles suspended $\text{solids}^{-1}\cdot {\rm h}^{-1}$ .
Since 1990 the Agricultural University of Norway and Alfa Laval Agri Ltd have developed a small scale thermophilic aerobic reactor for processing liquid organic wastes and turning them into a stable ...and hygienic product. The reactor has proven to be a multipurpose reactor, that can process a wide range of organic substrates with VS-contents from about 1.5–9%. It is a prefabricated, compact and self contained unit with all parts mutually adapted to each other, and suitable for local operation. A control system runs the process based on given set values to predict the product quality. The most unique results obtained are high oxygen utilisation, low air flow, no ammonia loss and very low odour release. The reactor causes no atmospheric pollution. The degradation of organic matter is moderate, and the processed substrate has the highest possible agronomic value. The hygienic quality of the product satisfies the criteria set by the Norwegian authorities. The stability of the product proved to be sufficient for a storage period of 10 months. By controlling the process carefully, same results are obtained in this one-stage reactor as in two-stage reactors. Use of one-stage instead of two-stage reactor means reduced investments and simplified operation.
This paper presents the methodology for obtaining equations which describe the secondary treatment of urban wastewater treatment plants.
The kinetics of the biodegradation reaction are shown, and a ...proposal is made to include the sludge age in the specific growth rate, in order to generalize from the classic process of activated sludge to that of extended aeration.
The application of a mass balance to the aerobic reactor is shown, in order to obtain equations which describe its behavior.
We will introduce a working hypothesis of the sludge settling mechanism to determine volumes of the clarification and sedimentation zones of the final clarifier, in order to obtain equations describing it.
A graphic demonstration is provided with the results of activated sludge process simulation using the mathematical model presented here.
Problem statement: The current work study the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment by an aerobic reactor which could be used in small agglomerations. RBC reduced physicochemical ...and microbiological load of wastewater but values remain above Tunisian standard. Approach: Experiments were conducted on a sand filled PVC column fed with wastewater treated by Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) at a pulsed rhythm of 8 sequences per day. For performances study process, physicochemical and bacterial analyses effluent at inlet and outlet of column were realized. Results: The results showed that through filter mass (D10 = 0.55 mm, D60 = 1.3 mm and coefficient uniformity = 2.36) 96% of suspended solids, 99% of NH4 +-N (during first phase), 92% of COD, 91% of BOD5 and 46% of phosphorus are retained by surface filtration. The microbial abatement results is <1.6 Log units of indicators fecal contamination (fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci and E. coli). The microbial water quality is slightly higher than Tunisian standards. The removal of microbial indicators in the considered reactor depends on the depth of the filter and negatively correlated with NO3 --N (r = -0.99, with E. coli at 3rd OPD). Conclusion/Recommendation: Results confirmed that the reactor tested is performed as an advanced treatment system for DBO, COD, SS, NH4 +-N and NO3 --N. Despite that 96% of SS efficiency reduction, clogging is not achieved quickly that due to biofilm detachment phenomena. The removal of microbial indicators in the considered reactor depends on the depth of the filter and negatively correlated with NO3 --N. Disinfection performances for the considered reactor reduce microbial load, however chlore, ozone or UV disinfection should be considered.
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