In this paper, the author argues that the conflict between the copious amount of digital data processed by public organisations and the need for policy-relevant insights to aid public participation ...constitutes a ‘public information paradox’. Machine learning (ML) approaches may offer one solution to this paradox through algorithms that transparently collect and use statistical modelling to provide insights for policymakers. Such an approach is tested in this paper. The test involves applying an unsupervised machine learning approach with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) analysis of thousands of public comments submitted to the United States Transport Security Administration (TSA) on a 2013 proposed regulation for the use of new full body imaging scanners in airport security terminals. The analysis results in salient topic clusters that could be used by policymakers to understand large amounts of text such as in an open public comments process. The results are compared with the actual final proposed TSA rule, and the author reflects on new questions raised for transparency by the implementation of ML in open rule-making processes.
Airport‐based photovoltaic applications Sreenath, Sukumaran; Sudhakar, Kumarasamy; Yusop, Ahmad Fitri
Progress in photovoltaics,
August 2020, Letnik:
28, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Nowadays, airports' interest in solar photovoltaics (PVs) is increasing. It is a way to lower the burden of energy costs and to show environmental stewardship. This paper aims to study the ...application of PVs in the airport environment. Solar projects in airport areas across the world were studied to find the techno‐economic and environmental aspects of airport‐based solar PV application. The favorable factors for solar PV are observed to be effective land utilization, low height profile, versatility, flexibility, and mature silicon PV technology. The major considerations for airport‐based solar PV applications were glare occurrence, radar interference, and penetration into airspace. Airport's weather and soil conditions, selection of PV technology, glare impact, site selection, and grid interconnection issues were the technical challenges. It was observed that economic factors such as reduced energy cost, life cycle cost, and sustainability grants and incentives make solar projects in airports attractive. Carbon mitigation and achievement of sustainability goals through solar PV installation emphasized the environmental stewardship of airports. From case studies, it was understood that prior planning, glare assessment, and careful implementation are essential for the success of airport‐based solar PV farms. Airport‐based solar PV has immense scope in the near future.
This paper aims to study the application of photovoltaics (PVs) in the airport environment. The major considerations for airport‐based solar PV application are glare occurrence, radar interference, and penetration into airspace. It was observed that economic factors such as reduced energy cost, life cycle cost, and sustainability‐focused grants and incentives make solar projects in airports attractive. Carbon mitigation and corresponding achievement of sustainability goals through solar PV installation emphasized the environmental stewardship of airports.
This work focuses on the duration of air connections in Europe and investigates the main factors affecting the probability that specific air routes survive over time. Socio-economic and geographical ...characteristics as well as modal competition, public subsidies and other airport/carrier-related factors are investigated. Moreover, we derive from our analysis the probabilities of connection dropouts to characterize European regions on the basis of their expected risks of increasing isolation. Our results might be of particular interest for policymakers and airport managers who intend to prevent their regions/airports from being affected by the negative consequences of increasing isolation. This is especially true in a context of expected increasing consolidation by major European network carriers.
The passenger's motion behavior during the check-in process will directly influence the check-in efficiency. However, little effort has been made to study this topic. This paper incorporates the ...passenger's motion behavior into the route guidance strategy to enhance the check-in efficiency. Firstly, an extended social force (SF) model is developed to describe each passenger's movement at an airport terminal. Secondly, a route guidance strategy accounting for the flight's remaining departure time and the passenger density is designed to enhance the passengers' check-in efficiency. Thirdly, a greedy algorithm is designed to search an optimal route for each passenger during the check-in process. Finally, the check-in process of one flight at an airport terminal is selected to testify the extended SF model and the proposed route guidance strategy. The simulation results show that (i) the extended SF model can reasonably describe the motion behavior of each passenger, and (ii) the proposed route-guidance strategy can enhance the check-in efficiency under passengers' state described by the extend SF model. The results can guide administrators to better organize and manage the check-in process.
...the tax is imposed in the same amount as though the lessee was the owner of the property, and the market value of a fee simple interest in the leased premises is the applicable valuation standard. ...The General Terms agreement did not provide the rights of a lease agreement related to quiet enjoyment, and the term of the concession can be terminated at will, for any reason. ...concessions are paid both by car rental companies that occupy Airport real estate and by car rental companies that do not occupy Airport facilities. ...the concession payments at the Airport bear no relationship to the concessionaire being located on Airport real property.
Prohibited items detection in X-ray images often plays an important role in protecting public safety, which often deals with color-monotonous and luster-insufficient objects, resulting in ...unsatisfactory performance. Till now, there have been rare studies touching this topic due to the lack of specialized high-quality datasets. In this work, we first present a High-quality X-ray (HiXray) security inspection image dataset, which contains 102,928 common prohibited items of 8 categories. It is the largest dataset of high quality for prohibited items detection, gathered from the real-world airport security inspection and annotated by professional security inspectors. Besides, for accurate prohibited item detection, we further propose the Lateral Inhibition Module (LIM) inspired by the fact that humans recognize these items by ignoring irrelevant information and focusing on identifiable characteristics, especially when objects are overlapped with each other. Specifically, LIM, the elaborately designed flexible additional module, suppresses the noisy information flowing maximumly by the Bidirectional Propagation (BP) module and activates the most identifiable charismatic, boundary, from four directions by Boundary Activation (BA) module. We evaluate our method extensively on HiXray and OPIXray and the results demonstrate that it outperforms SOTA detection methods. 1
The geometrical features of airport line segments are seldom used by traditional methods for airport detection in panchromatic remote sensing images. This letter presents a novel method based on both ...bottom-up (BU) saliency and top-down saliency. Noticing that airport runways have features of vicinity and parallelity and that their lengths are among a certain range, we introduce the concept of near parallelity for the first time and treat it as prior knowledge that can fully exploit the geometrical relationship of airport runways. Meanwhile, a simplified graph-based visual saliency model is used to extract the BU saliency. Two-way results are combined, and candidate regions can be derived from it. Finally, a scale-invariant feature transform and a support vector machine are used to determine whether the regions contain airports or not. The proposed method is tested on an image data set composed of different kinds of airports. The experimental results show that the method outperforms other state-of-the-art models in terms of speed, the detection rate, and the false-alarm rate. In addition, the method is more robust to a complex background than the other methods.
This paper presents a comprehensive survey on anti-drone systems. After drones were released for non-military usages, drone incidents in the unarmed population are gradually increasing. However, it ...is unaffordable to construct a military grade anti-drone system for every private or public facility due to installation and operation costs, and regulatory restrictions. We focus on analyzing anti-drone system that does not use military weapons, investigating a wide range of anti-drone technologies, and deriving proper system models for reliable drone defense. We categorized anti-drone technologies into detection, identification, and neutralization, and reviewed numerous studies on each. Then, we propose a hypothetical anti-drone system that presents the guidelines for adaptable and effective drone defense operations. Further, we discuss drone-side safety and security schemes that could nullify current anti-drone methods, and propose future solutions to resolve these challenges.
This paper reports on the use of different approaches for measuring efficiency in 65 major Brazilian airports. Several programming based estimates were generated to allow testing for significant ...differences in returns-to-scale and input-decreasing/output-increasing potentials. The findings corroborate anecdotal and empirical evidences regarding a capacity shortfall within Brazilian airports, where the short-term potential for passenger/cargo consolidation per landing/takeoff is virtually nonexistent.
► The majority of major Brazilian airports are running short in capacity. ► There are few options available for additional passenger/cargo consolidation. ► Most airports are experiencing increasing returns-to-scale.
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