Aluminium salts have been the adjuvant of choice in more than 100 licensed vaccines. Here, we have studied the synergistic effect of aluminium hydroxide nanoparticles (AH np) and non-ionic ...surfactant-based vesicles (NISV) in modulating the immune response against protective antigen domain 4 (D4) of Bacillus anthracis. NISV was prepared from Span 60 and cholesterol, while AH np was prepared from aluminium chloride and sodium hydroxide. AH np was co-administered with NISV encapsulating D4 (NISV-D4) to formulate AHnp/NISV-D4. The antigen-specific immune response of AHnp/NISV-D4 was compared with that of commercial alhydrogel (alhy) co-administered with NISV-D4 (alhydrogel/NISV-D4), NISV-D4, AHnp/D4, and alhydrogel/D4. Co-administration of NISV-D4 with AH np greatly improved the D4-specific antibody titer as compared to the control groups. Based on IgG isotyping and ex vivo cytokine analysis, AHnp/NISV-D4 generated a balanced Th1/Th2 response. Furthermore, AH np/NISV-D4 showed superior protection against anthrax spore challenge in comparison to other groups. Thus, we demonstrate the possibility of developing a novel combinatorial nanoformulation capable of augmenting both humoral and cellular response, paving the way for adjuvant research.
To date, cancer phototherapy remains as an unsatisfactory method of cancer treatment due to the high probability of cancer recurrence - an effect that is partly driven by tumor-driven ...immunosuppression. Therefore, we propose inducing adequate immune responses after photo tumor ablation may be critical to achieve a long term therapeutic effect of phototherapy. Here, we engineered the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and the time-honored immunoadjuvant aluminum hydroxide into bovine serum albumin by albumin-based biomineralization as a novel nanosystem (Al-BSA-Ce6 NPs). After intravenous injection, the nanoparticles not only destroyed tumor cells effectively but also protected animals against tumor rechallenge and metastasis by strongly inducing a systemic anti-tumor immune response. Subsequent analysis demonstrated T cells accumulated in lymph nodes and infiltrated the tumor site, elevating levels of immune indicators including serum antibody, cytokine level and higher proportions of cytotoxic T cells and Th1 cells. These protective effects were not observed with commercially available alumina gels, or when the aluminum hydroxide in the nanoparticles was replaced with ferric hydroxide. Therefore, we present Al-BSA-Ce6 NPs as a novel and unique system for alumina adjuvants that serves as an effective approach for cancer therapy.
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•A nanoparticle system (Al-BSA-Ce6 NPs) synthesized by a biomineralization method for photo-immunotherapy against melanoma.•Unique immunological properties and therapeutic effect were confirmed by comparison with alumina gel and Fe-BSA-Ce6 NPs.•A simple synthesis method using only FDA approved excipients provides great potential for clinical translation.
Differently structured aluminum (tri/mono) hydroxide (Al(OH)
3
/AlO(OH)) nanoparticles were prepared and used as thermal-management additives to microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), cast-dried in ...thin-layer films. Both particles increased the thermal stability of the MFC film, yielding 20–23% residue at 600 °C, and up to 57% lowered enthalpy (to 5.5–7.5 kJ/g) at 0.15 wt% of loading, while transforming to alumina (Al
2
O
3
). However, the film containing 40 nm large Al(OH)
3
particles decomposed in a one-step process, and released up to 20% more energy between 300 and 400 °C as compared to the films prepared from smaller (21 nm) and meta-stable AlO(OH), which decomposed gradually with an exothermic peak shifted to 480 °C. The latter resulted in a highly flexible, optically transparent (95%), and mechanically stronger (5.7 GPa) film with a much lower specific heat capacity (0.31–0.28 J/gK compared to 0.68–0.89 J/gK for MFC-Al(OH)
3
and 0.87–1.26 for MFC films), which rendered it as an effective heat-dissipating material to be used in flexible opto-electronics. Low oxygen permeability (2192.8 cm
3
/m
2
day) and a hydrophobic surface (> 60°) also rendered such a film useful in ecologically-benign and thermosensitive packaging.
In the present study, we investigated the removal of an emerging pesticide lindane from aqueous solution using synthesized aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)
(bayerite) nanomaterials with surface modification ...by an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The Al(OH)
nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and zeta potential. The lindane removal using SDS-modified nano-aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles (SMNAH) achieved removal of up to 93.68%, which was 3.3 times higher than that of nano-aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles. The adsorptive removal conditions were studied and found to have an adsorption time of 60 min, a pH of 6, an adsorbent dosage of 25 mg/mL and an ionic strength of 10 mM NaCl. After reusing four times, the removal efficiency of lindane using SMNAH still reached 75%. Two-step adsorption can fit adsorption isotherms of lindane onto SMNAH at two salt concentrations. On the basis of the change in zeta potential, surface functional groups and adsorption isotherms, we suggest that the formation of a bilayer micelle induced the removal of lindane.
Thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of waste packaging plastic was investigated in a semi batch reactor. Spent aluminum hydroxide nanoparticle derived from the electrocoagulation of arsenic and fluoride ...containing synthetic ground water was developed into catalyst through combined thermal treatment and metal impregnation process. Nickel, iron, zinc, copper, and molybdenum were separately doped on the surface of thermally activated spent sludge and the catalysts (Ni–Al, Fe–Al, Zn–Al, Cu–Al and Mo–Al) obtained were characterized through XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, BET and NH
3
-TPD analysis. Cu–Al has demonstrated a higher yield of non-condensable gases (55%) whereas non-catalytic pyrolysis has shown larger oil yield (59.21%), followed by Al (53.36%) and Zn–Al (44.74%). The oil obtained from thermo-catalytic pyrolysis was analyzed via GC–MS and FTIR to determine the hydrocarbon chain distribution in terms of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, and other cyclic compounds. Results highlighted varying impact of different catalysts on the components selectivity of oil, for instance, Ni–Al shows the highest selectivity for alkenes (77.69%), Fe–Al-derived oil carries highest proportion of alkanes (72.68%), while Zn–Al-derived oil contained alkenes, straight chains, and cyclic alkanes in almost equal proportion. Furthermore, less clogging of active sites and the retained morphological structure of spent catalysts as compared to other previously published studies indicated relatively larger possibility of regeneration and reutilization of spent catalyst.
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