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•Surface and bulk oxygen vacancies were formed depending on the annealing conditions.•Surface oxygen vacancy can expand light absorption and improve charge separation.•SETOV led to ...visible light absorption, while played as the recombination center.•TiO2 with two kinds of oxygen vacancies exhibited different photocatalytic mechanism.
The surface and bulk oxygen vacancy have a prominent effect on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. In this study, TiO2 possessing different types and concentration of oxygen vacancies were prepared by annealing nanotube titanic acid (NTA) at various temperatures in air or vacuum atmosphere. TiO2 with the unitary bulk single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancies (SETOVs) formed when NTA were calcined in air. Whereas, TiO2 with both bulk and surface oxygen vacancies were obtained when NTA were annealed in vacuum. The series of TiO2 with different oxygen vacancies were systematically characterized by TEM, XRD, PL, XPS, ESR, and TGA. The PL and ESR analysis verified that surface oxygen vacancies and more bulk oxygen vacancies could form in vacuum atmosphere. Surface oxygen vacancies can trap electron and hinder the recombination of photo-generated charges, while bulk SETOVs act as the recombination center. The surface or bulk oxygen vacancies attributed different roles on the photo-absorbance and activity, leading that the sample of NTA-A400 displayed higher hydrogen evolution rate under UV light, whereas NTA-V400 displayed higher hydrogen evolution rate under visible light because bulk SETOVs can improve visible light absorption because sub-band formed by bulk SETOVs prompted the secondary transition of electron excited.
Highly programmed, digitally-enabled outdoor public spaces for social gathering and cultural performance are now common features of urban environments. These spaces are popular because of their low ...barriers to entry, and because they facilitate casual, serendipitous encounters between a range of different publics. Entering one of these spaces is to inhabit an ‘ambient’ participatory mode: multi-centred, mobile and multi-sensory, conforming neither to the formal viewing experience of ‘the audience’, nor to the casual, distracted disposition of ‘the street’. Their success in terms of widening public engagement and stimulating urban vitality has informed major policy shifts in creativity-led urban regeneration and creative place-making. However, a deeper understanding of the kind of cultural participation they shape eludes prevailing critical and evaluative frameworks. This article is based around a large-scale event celebrating India's 70th year of Independence held at Melbourne's Federation Square. We use ambience as a conceptual tool to expand common notions of cultural participation, revealing the complex socio-spatial relationships that coalesce through the event. Capturing ‘ambient participation’ reveals, in Paul Carter's (2005) terms, the potential of these networked spaces to ‘model a different kind of political community, to open up a place of meeting differently’ that exceeds the celebratory rhetoric around global mass culture, normative frameworks of multiculturalism, and romantic notions of community.
•The concept of 'ambient participation' is used to capture the new dynamics of cultural participation in public space.•We introduce a novel methodology to capture 'ambient participation' by combining digital ethnography, spatial analysis, and interviews.•A celebration at Melbourne's Federation Square is used to demonstrate how ambient participation differs from traditional modes of cultural participation.•The article features central stakeholders of Federation Square: architect Donald Bates, artist Paul Carter, and curator Kate Brennan.
Phosphorene, monolayer or few‐layer black phosphorus (BP), has recently triggered strong scientific interest for lithium/sodium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) applications. However, there are still ...challenges regarding large‐scale fabrication, poor air stability. Herein, we report the high‐yield synthesis of phosphorene with good crystallinity and tunable size distributions via liquid‐phase exfoliation of bulk BP in formamide. Afterwards, a densely packed phosphorene–graphene composite (PG‐SPS, a packing density of 0.6 g cm−3) is prepared by a simple and easily up‐scalable spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. When working as anode materials of LIBs, PG‐SPS exhibit much improved first‐cycle Coloumbic efficiency (60.2%) compared to phosphorene (11.5%) and loosely stacked phosphorene–graphene composite (34.3%), high specific capacity (1306.7 mAh g−1) and volumetric capacity (256.4 mAh cm−3), good rate capabilities (e.g., 415.0 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) as well as outstanding long‐term cycling life (91.9% retention after 800 cycles at 10 A g−1). Importantly, excellent air stability of PG‐SPS over the 60 days observation in maintaining its high Li storage properties can be achieved. On the contrary, 95.2% of BP in PG sample was oxidized after only 10 days exposure to ambience, leading to severe degradation of electrochemical properties.
A densely packed phosphorene–graphene composite is prepared by a simple and easily upscalable spark plasma sintering process, which exhibits much improved 1st‐cycle Coulombic efficiency, high volumetric capacity, good rate capabilities as well as an outstanding cycling life, especially robust air stability in maintaining its high Li storage properties.
•Next-generation radiative coolers require dynamic emissivity modulation.•Several modulation strategies are revised in this paper from different research fields.•Designs, materials, fabrication ...techniques and modulation performances are compared.•Most effective strategies and underexplored, yet promising, pathways are delineated.
Passive daytime radiative cooling represents one of the boldest answers to tackle the future cooling needs of the built environment and to mitigate urban heat island effects. Recent developments in the field targeted sub-ambience with several successful examples. On the other side, heating demands may get exacerbated unless effective countermeasures against overcooling are identified, especially in wintertime or heating-dominated climates. This review aims at collecting state-of-the-art technologies and techniques to dynamically control the heat transfer to and from the radiative emitter and ultimately modulate its cooling capacity. Potential solutions are selected from different applicative fields, including spacecraft thermal control, thermal camouflage and electronics. Environmentally-responsive solutions are analyzed in depth given their perfect match with radiative cooling design requirements. Among them, VO2-tuned Fabry-Perot resonators are given particular emphasis, owing to their proven applicability. Active solutions are presented for completeness, but in less detail. Underlying principles, structural composition and experimental/simulated results are detailed and discussed to identify prominent pathways towards technically and economically effective integration in the built environment.
Perovskite (PVSK) photovoltaics have been a promising field in the exploitation of renewable energy due to the fascinating performances of PVSK materials and devices. Although the efficiency is ...gradually approaching that of traditional solar cells, the stability is still a challenge. Hence, tomato lycopene, a botanic antioxidant, is introduced as a modification layer on the PVSK absorber layer to prevent moisture and oxygen erosion, for enhanced both intrinsic and environmental stabilities. This inserted protection layer can also interact with the PVSK material through carbon‐halogen bonds and influence its crystallinity. Therefore, PVSK films are obtained with less defects and better intrinsic stability. The device achieved a champion outdoor efficiency at AM 1.5G more than 21% and its indoor efficiency at 1000 lux can reach 40.24%. In addition, the efficiency can keep almost 90% of the original value after exposure to wet oxygen ambience for 1000 h. The antioxidant gives a unique perspective towards enhancing the stability of solar cells
Lycopene, a botanic antioxidant, is introduced to modify the perovskite film for adjusting crystallization through carbon‐halogen bonds, and preventing moisture and oxygen erosion. Therefore, the optimized device yields efficiencies of 21.04% under 100 mW cm−2 and 40.24% at 1000 lux. It also retains almost 90% of the original efficiency value after exposure to wet oxygen ambience for 1000 h.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant consequences for Americans' daily lives. Many people are spending more time in their homes due to work from home arrangements, stay at home orders, and ...closures of businesses and public gathering spaces. In this study, we explored how one's attachment to their home may help to buffer their mental health during this stressful time. Data were collected from a three-wave, longitudinal sampling (n=289) surveyed at baseline, two, and four weeks after. We found a clear relationship between an individual's attachment to home and positive mental health. Across all three waves, home attachment was negatively associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, participants' home attachment at baseline was predictive of subsequent mental health two weeks after, which suggests that one's relationship to their home was particularly important during the initial onset of the national response to the outbreak. Predictors of home attachment included conscientiousness, agreeableness, and restorative ambience. Over the course of the study, kinship ambience also emerged as a predictor of home attachment. In the midst of increased mental health concerns and limited resources due to COVID-19, the home may buffer some individuals from depressive and anxiety-related symptoms by functioning as a source of refuge, security, and stability.
•Study tests relationship between home attachment and mental health during pandemic.•Home attachment negatively associated with stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.•Attachment during the initial adjustment to COVID-19 was particularly important.•Home ambience of kinship became a stronger predictor of home attachment over time.
This study examined the effect of servicescape – ambience, spatial layout, social dimension and information dimension on customer satisfaction in fine-dining restaurants. Guided by a cross sectional ...research design, we obtained primary data from 280 customers using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics sufficed for data analysis, while regression analysis was instrumental in hypotheses testing. The findings revealed that ambience, spatial layout and information dimension had significant positive effects on customer satisfaction in restaurants, while social dimension had a negative and non-significant effect on customer satisfaction. This study demonstrates the predictive power of restaurant servicescape to influence customers’ experiences. The insights generated provide definitive empirical evidence that confirms that customer satisfaction could be improved through deliberate design of restaurant servicescape. As such, the study provides a strategic blueprint for restaurant operators in servicescape design for maximum customer satisfaction. With these insights, this study contributes to restaurant service marketing in African countries by providing empirically-verifiable evidence that a key strategy to improving customer satisfaction is deliberate and strategic servicescape design. It also contributes to the stimulus-organism-response theory by confirming that its basic premise holds true in the restaurant context, thereby furthering the applicability of the theoretical framework in restaurant-based research.
Ambient vulnerability Robinson, Caitlin; Williams, Joe
Global environmental change,
January 2024, 2024-01-00, Letnik:
84
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•We develop the new concept of ambient vulnerability.•We frame ambient vulnerabilities as those in our immediate, surrounding environment.•We argue that unequal power relations are embedded within ...the ambient environment.•We illustrate how ambient vulnerabilities can accumulate, intensifying one another.
In this paper we introduce the concept of ambient vulnerability. Ambience concerns the overlapping and shifting material forms that constitute a person’s surroundings – including (but not limited to) air quality, flow, temperature, humidity, noise and light – that contribute to their health, wellbeing and (dis)comfort. Building on a growing movement across a range of disciplines towards the study of socialmaterial relations, we suggest that ambience is an important approach for critically understanding the complex interconnections among nature, society, and technology in the production of lived ecologies. The vulnerability framing locates our expressly political understanding of ambience, reflecting and reinforcing social inequalities. Moreover, different types of vulnerability across the dimensions of the ambient environment are interdependent and accumulate, often intensifying one another. We delineate some of the key features of ambient vulnerability, specifically: cumulative impacts; permeability; unevenness; phenomenological differentiation; and multiple temporalities. The paper shows how ambient environments are shifting and complex, a turbulent milieu of contextual factors, but they are essential to our understanding of social and ecological vulnerability in the 21st century.
Traditional carbon materials have demonstrated immense potential in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to their superior electrical properties and environmental stability. Graphdiyne (GDY), as an ...emerging carbon allotrope, features uniformly distributed pores, endless design flexibility, and unique electronic character compared with traditional carbon materials. Herein, graphdiyne is introduced into the upper part of the perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) layer by utilizing a GDY‐containing antisolvent during the one‐step synthesis of perovskite. Intriguingly, GDY plays an essential role in hole accumulation and transportation because of its higher Fermi level than perovskite. As a result, the automatic separation of photogenerated carriers inside the perovskite film is achieved. Furthermore, the Schottky barrier formed on the interface between perovskite and GDY guarantees the unidirectional hole transport from perovskite to GDY, thereby benefiting further extraction to the hole transport layer. Consequently, GDY‐modified perovskite‐based planar PSCs exhibit a boosted Jsc of 24.21 mA cm−2 and up to 19.6% power conversion efficiency owing to the increased efficient light utilization and charge extraction. The device with GDY modification exhibits less than 10% shrinkage after a month in ambience. Overall, this work demonstrates an easy method for the utilization of GDY to boost the charge extraction and environmental stability in PSCs.
Graphdiyne (GDY) serves as the hole accumulator and transporter in the perovskite layer for stable and efficient planar perovskite solar cells. Benefiting from the higher Fermi level of GDY than perovskite, the unidirectional hole transport from perovskite to GDY is ensured, and the charge separation ability and environmental stability of perovskite are significantly improved.
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