Russia's public interest is focused on modernization problems. To make Russia's towns and cities look up-to-date must be the main task of this process. Actual art can become an effective way to ...aestheticism the urban area. The objective of the given article is to define and specify mechanisms of new cultural actions aimed at a creation of a new experimental phenomenon - an urban area as an integral exhibit space. At present, there are a great many methods for changing the situation in the cultural context of modern towns and cities. Nowadays, actual forms of art can become a most efficient tool of social co-operation. Informational, didactic, aesthetic, and ideological functions of art implemented in large-scale town art projects and art objects can significantly influence town residents' way of thinking, help to unite the local community, form new kinds of leisure activities, and encourage creative activities of people of all ages. Involving young designer teams, student architectural studios, and decorative artist alliances can be regarded as a method for solving the above mentioned problems. In this case, the major idea is to make joint team efforts in order to create innovation residential areas. The results can be expressed in design concepts directed towards integrating contemporary art into the context of the urban environment. This article is meant to be a basis of the content that will allow to get quickly acquainted with actual concepts and methods for solving problems of forming cultural "landscape" and contemporary urban area ambience. Provided, active involving creative youth in co-operation process for both, creation of art objects and discussion of them, is to be a necessary condition. Cognitive methods for mastering actual art techniques, new visualization forms, and gaming and carnival scripts of art projects presentations are intended to become an efficient mechanism for creating a basically new appearance of towns and cities.
Agritourism attractions are a commonly chosen alternative in farm diversification. Some attractions are based on active farms, while others are based on rural ambience. We model and estimate the ...agritourism attraction market as a differentiated-goods market based on Israeli market data and simulate different scenarios. We show that total welfare increases when attractions are based on rural ambience rather than on active farms. We also show that an indirect support scheme has a stronger impact on total welfare than a direct scheme.
Selective area growth of GaN (SAG-GaN) films grown on nonpolar m-plane bulk GaN substrates using trench patterns was performed by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. We investigated the transformation ...of SAG-GaN facet structures by changing growth temperature, ambient, and miscut angle of substrates. Substrates with trench patterns along a-axis formed (10-11), (10-10), and (000-1) facet structures after SAG-GaN growth for growth conditions of 800°C in N2+NH3 and 1000°C in H2+NH3 ambience. Those with trench pattern along 45° off from a-axis contained (11-22), (10-10), (0-110) facet structures in substrates with a miscut angle of 5° whereas SAG-GaN films completely coalesced and formed smooth (10-10) surface in substrates with a miscut angle of 1°. Undesirable grains were formed for 800°C in N2+NH3 ambience regardless of the miscut angle of substrates whereas theses grains were annihilated using 1000°C in H2+NH3 ambience due to the intensively hydrogen etching.
•Anisotropic structures are formed after reactive-ion etching.•Lateral growth rate increased for trench pattern at 45° off from the a-axis.•Smooth (10-10) surface obtained for miscut angles of substrates at 1°.
Necessary brightness by distance from the target for general office work was analyzed based on experiment results using head mounted display visual-reality-system that enables to show equal luminous ...chromaticity values as real environment omni-directionally. As for office works, we chose two tasks, i.e., writing-reading and PC monitor task. 15 participants were asked to evaluate 120 office scenes for writing-reading and 180 for PC monitor task from the viewpoints of (1) Work efficiency, (2) Appropriateness of ambience as office and (3) Possibility to continue to work 3 days in case of emergencies. We found the quantitative conditions related to visual environment.
A hybrid material of polystyrene (PS)–ZrO2 was developed by the sol–gel technique and deposited by spin-coating on AM60 and AM60–AlN nanocomposite surfaces to enhance corrosion resistance in marine ...environments. PS–ZrO2 with an average thickness of ≈305 ± 20 nm was dispersed homogeneously, presenting isolated micro–nano-structure defects with air trapped inside, which led to an increase in roughness (≈4 times). The wettability of the coated substrates was close to the hydrophobic border (θCA=90°–94°). The coated samples were exposed for 30 days to SME solution, simulating the marine–coastal ambience. The initial pH = 7.94 of the SME shifted to more alkaline pH ≈ 8.54, suggesting the corrosion of the Mg matrix through the coating defects. In the meantime, the release of Mg2+ from the PS–ZrO2-coated alloy surfaces was reduced by ≈90% compared to that of non-coated. Localized pitting attacks occurred in the vicinity of Al–Mn and β–Mg17Al12 cathodic particles characteristic of the Mg matrix. The depth of penetration (≈23 µm) was reduced by ≈85% compared to that of non-coated substrates. The protective effect against Cl ions, attributed to the hybrid PS–ZrO2-coated AM60 and AM60–AlN surfaces, was confirmed by the increase in their polarization resistance (Rp) in 37% and 22%, respectively, calculated from EIS data.
Introduction and hypothesis
In previous survey studies, women undergoing urodynamic testing (UDT) have reported bother and embarrassment and have provided suggestions for improving the experience. ...The suggestions include audio distraction and increased privacy, neither of which have been prospectively examined. We report a prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate the hypothesis that an improved ambience can decrease UDT-related embarrassment and anxiety.
Methods
A total of 60 participants were recruited to achieve an 80% power to detect a conservative 20-point difference with a significance level of 0.05. Eligible participants were randomized to one of two conditions: dim lighting with light instrumental music (modified group, 30 patients), or no music and standard lighting (standard group, 30 patients). The aim of the dim lighting and music was to provide an increased sense of privacy and audio distraction based on participant feedback in previous studies.
Results
The study was complete with 60 participants. Patients in both groups reported less embarrassment after UDT. However, patients in the modified group showed a greater decrease in embarrassment scores (9.72 mm) than patients in the standard group (1.3 mm;
p
= 0.33). Although the study was under-powered, the difference found approached clinical significance.
Conclusions
Simply dimming the lights and providing music during UDT resulted in a decrease in embarrassment scores of almost ten points. This low-cost and simple measure improved patient experience.
This study presents an experimental effort and detailed numerical simulation of the burning process of an ester-based biodiesel fuel droplet – methyl decanoate (MD). The experiments are carried out ...using test droplets that are anchored to small SiC support structures (14μm diameter) and that burn in an ambience subjected to a low gravity level to promote spherical symmetry in the droplet burning process. The initial droplet diameters are 0.53–0.57mm and the combustion gas is normal atmospheric pressure air. A detailed numerical simulation of the burning process is also presented that features detailed MD combustion chemistry, radiative heat transfer, species diffusion, and phase change effects to predict the evolution of droplet and flame diameter. The analysis also incorporates a model for heat transfer through the droplet support structure.
Predicted droplet and flame diameters are shown to agree within the range of uncertainty of the experimental data lending support to the transport model and combustion kinetics incorporated in the simulation. Effects of the tether fiber’s size, thermal conductivity, and Nusselt number on the droplet burning data are also examined. Results show that the fiber properties within the range investigated in this study do not significantly affect the burning process. Species and temperature distributions during the transient process of MD droplet combustion are detailed in this study. These comparisons and predictions for multi-phase combustion of MD that have not been seen in the literature provide validation for MD models associated with chemical kinetics and multi-physics and are therefore valuable for the study of ester-based biodiesel combustion.
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