Prior research on the internationalization of firms from emerging countries has fruitfully invoked institutional theory to emphasize the legitimacy benefits that firms that obtain from showing ...isomorphism with international norms such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Without denying the intuitive appeal for these firms to communicate acceptance of CSR, we suggest that firms face a legitimacy trade‐off, where the hoped‐for legitimacy benefits of isomorphism must be weighed against other home‐country institutional considerations. We advance and test this notion that firms will navigate this institutional complexity by engaging in anisomorphism, i.e., espousing general acceptance with international values but with selective ‘translation’ based on home country differences. We test our predictions by analysing firms' communication of CSR, using a unique dataset comprised of 245 firms observed over the period from 2000 to 2018. Consistent with our predictions, we find that firms from countries more reliant on natural resource extraction (e.g., mining and fossil fuel industries) de‐emphasize the environmental component of CSR, and firms from more autocratic countries de‐emphasize the human rights component of CSR. Additionally, and consistent with our presumption of firms' weighing the international versus home‐country legitimacy trade‐off, we find that these main effects are sensitive to changes in firms' levels of internationalization.
This paper aims to describe lexicographic strategies for treating loanwords from Arabic, Persian, and Turkish in a productive bilingual Bosnian-German dictionary. In terms of number, stylistic and ...cultural features, those words significantly characterize the Bosnian language. In lexicography, they have the status of cultural-bound words with a high degree of anisomorphism. We will look into their description in existing monolingual and bilingual dictionaries as well as into their equivalents in literary translations to propose more suitable equivalents. In this paper, we focus in particular on lexicographic treatment strategies of partial and zero equivalence, taking into account the deep cultural embeddedness of Arabic, Turkish and Persian loanwords in the Bosnian language. It will be shown that specific concepts such as “tekija”, for which the German language has no word, and the existing bilingual dictionary provides an equivalent „Muslim monastery“ (Jakić & Hurm 1992: 1053), can be treated by combined strategies to obtain more suitable equivalents, such as the incorporation of the source item into the target language with an additional explanation as well as an explanatory equivalent.
La sintaxis del período presenta una mayor complejidad que la sintaxis oracional, pues no siempre hay correspondencia entre estructura formal y estructura semántico-pragmática. Es lo que denominamos ...anisomorfismo estructural o anisomorfismo de estructuras. Esta falta de correspondencia la hallaremos también en construcciones de mayor complejidad, como la sintaxis del microdiscurso.
We point out a number of the parameters influencing the dynamics of understanding and the role of terminological variation therein, starting from a case study in the domain of invasion ecology. Over ...the past fifty years invasion ecology research has been conducted within a wider social milieu of contentious values and politics. Controversy and disagreements have created an intellectually dynamic and emotionally charged atmosphere among researchers. They have often resorted to evocative language and imagery in their English language articles and this has for instance resulted in the coining of metaphorically motivated terminology. An attempt is made to open up the issue of societal dynamics to the European multilingual reality as we tentatively investigate what happens to metaphorical and evocative language in translated texts (French and Dutch) on invasion ecology.
A partir d'une étude de cas dans le domaine de l'écologie envahissante, nous distinguons des paramètres qui exercent une influence sur la dynamique de la compréhension et comment la variation terminologique joue un rôle dans la compréhension. Depuis cinquante ans, la recherche en écologie envahissante s'est manifestée dans un contexte de société plus étendu, aux valeurs et politiques plus contestataires. Des controverses et des désaccords entre chercheurs étaient à la base d'une ambiance intellectuellement dynamique et émotionnellement chargée. Les chercheurs ont souvent eu recours à un langage évocateur et imagé dans leurs articles écrits en anglais et il s'ensuivit la création de termes motivés issus de métaphores. Nous faisons une ébauche de recherche sur la traduction (en français et en néerlandais) de ce langage évocateur, lardé de métaphores, afin d'élargir le sujet de dynamique de société dans la réalité européenne multilingue.
Temmerman Rita. Ways of managing the dynamics of terminology in multilingual communication. In: Scolia, N°25, 2011. Traduction des normes et normes de traduction dans l'espace européen. pp. 153-170.
The aim of this paper is to discuss two issues inherently related to terminology management and its representation in the bilingual dictionary, i.e., meaning and anisomorphism. It is universally ...acknowledged that one of the most slippery concepts in linguistics is meaning. Thus, its representation will always present problems and, from an operational point of view, will require the assistance of some parameters (such as definition, context, synonyms or cross-references). Anisomorphism, which roughly speaking means “asymmetry,” refers to the losses and gains that always occur in interlinguistic transfer processes, and which may be taken into account when comparing two different language systems.
The reflections contained in this paper have been tackled in the framework of several research projects carried out within the IULMA (Interuniversity Institute for Applied Modern Languages of Alicante) and supervised by Prof. Dr. Enrique Alcaraz Varó.
The legal systems, even if they may belong to the same branche of law, as is the case in France and Spain, are specific in each country and, therefore, different from the rest of the legal systems of ...other countries. This results in translation to a cultural anisomorphism. The translator must be aware of this in order not to fall into translation errors that will make it impossible for the reader to understand the text in the target language. It is important to know that, in legal translation, one cultural reality is not translated by another, but that the cultural reality of the source language must be expressed in the target language. This is presented as a challenge for the translator, who must have extensive cultural knowledge of both countries and an adequate documentation capacity. Therefore, this study aims to highlight the importance of cultural knowledge in translation and, more specifically, in legal translation through the analysis of a series of terms that come from the legal-criminal branch. In this analysis, we will find the explanation of the concept of the source language, the context, the proposal (or translation proposals), the translation technique we have used, as well as comments in which we explain their translation problems and their cultural anisomorphism.
Los ordenamientos jurídicos, a pesar de que puedan pertenecer al mismo tronco común, como es el caso de Francia y España, son propios de cada país y, por ende, distintos al resto de ordenamientos de otros países. Esto da lugar en traducción a un anisomorfismo cultural. El traductor debe ser consciente de ello para no caer en errores de traducción que imposibiliten la comprensión del lector de la lengua meta. En traducción jurídica no se traduce una realidad cultural por otra, sino que se manifiesta en la lengua meta la realidad cultural de la lengua origen. Esto se presenta como un reto para el traductor, quien deberá contar con unos amplios conocimientos culturales de ambos países y una capacidad de documentación adecuada. Por eso, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo poner de relieve la importancia de los conocimientos culturales en traducción y, más concretamente, en traducción jurídica a través del análisis de una serie de términos que provienen de la rama jurídico-penal y sus respectivas propuestas de traducción. En dicho análisis, encontraremos la explicación del concepto de la lengua origen, el contexto, la propuesta (o propuestas) traducción, la técnica de traducción que hemos empleado, así como comentarios en los que explicamos sus problemas de traducción y su anisomorfismo cultural. l.
La autora pretende aportar en el constante debate relacionado con el problema de la búsqueda de nociones equivalentes en textos de contenido jurídico. Para ello, centra su interés en analizar un par ...de conceptos jurídicos checos y españoles con el fin de demostrar y recalcar que la traducción de los textos de contenido jurídicoentre dos lenguas tipológicamente -y culturalmente- diferentes (como por ejemplo el español y el checo)a menudo conlleva aparejada la necesidad de tomar un abanico muy variado de decisiones por parte del traductor. De este modo, uno de los objetivos de la ponencia seríareflexionar acerca de maneras varias y diferentes de la traducción de las unidades léxicas culturalmente marcadas y, también, opinar acerca de los convenientes e inconvenientes de algunas técnicas empleadas por los traductores en textos de diferente grado de especialidad.
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