Recent remarkable advances in the field of nanotechnology has been achieved in the last few years especially in the fabrication of sensors that have wide number of applications. Nanomaterials are the ...foundation of nanotechnology that are measured on nanoscale. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are tube-like materials that are made up of carbon with a diameter calculating on a nanometer scale. They are originated from graphite sheet and these graphite layers seems similar to a rolled up non-stop unbreakable hexagonal like mesh structure and the carbon molecules appears at the apexes of the hexagonal structures. Depending upon the number of carbon layers, carbon nanotubes can be single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be fabricated by three main methods i.e., chemical vapor deposition, electric arc method and laser deposition method. Carbon nanotubes exhibit various characteristic properties such as high elasticity, high thermal conductivity, low density and they are chemically more inert etc. Due to these interesting properties, carbon nanotubes have played a significant role in the field of nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. Carbon nanotubes are being positively applied in drug delivery, sensing, water treatment etc. Functionalization of their surface can result in highly soluble materials, which can be further derivatized with active molecules, making them compatible with biological systems. Surface functionalization enables adsorption or attachment of various molecules or antigens, which subsequently can be targeted to the desired cell population for immune recognition or a therapeutic effect. In this review, properties of carbon nanotubes and their clinical applications such as medical diagnostics and drug delivery are being discussed. Here, antibacterial as well as antifungal activity of carbon nanotubes are also being reviewed.
Display omitted
•ZIF-8 has antibacterial properties superior to ZnO, a benchmark nanomaterial.•ZIF-8 displays variable antibacterial performance in different liquid environments.•Degradation pathways ...and by-products affect MOFs’ antibacterial performance.•ZIF-8 degrades more in culture media than in deionized water, and faster than ZnO.•MOFs’ aqueous stability must be fully understood for their application development.
The stability and degradation characteristics of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in liquid media dictate their use in biomedical engineering applications. In this study, the antibacterial property of a zinc-based MOF, zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), against gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) is studied in comparison with ZnO, a widely-used antimicrobial agent. Superior antibacterial property of ZIF-8 was demonstrated and the reason was elucidated by new insights on the stability of ZIF-8 in bacterial culture media. Contrary to the widely held notion that ZIF-8 is stable in aqueous media, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and UV–Vis adsorption spectroscopy revealed the release of zinc ions and 2-methyilimidazolate molecules in the culture media. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry revealed that the degradation of ZIF-8 is enhanced by the reaction of released zinc ions with phosphate ions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or with organic moieties in Luria Bertani (LB) media, resulting in stronger antibacterial properties of ZIF-8 than that of ZnO. In fact, due to the affinity of ions and organic constituents in the cell media towards the building block of ZIF-8 structure, a higher amount of ZIF-8 degrades in LB and PBS media (70–80 wt%) than in pure water (22 wt%) after 24 h of immersion. The results of the present investigation strongly advocate the importance of stability study on MOFs in developing their biomedical applications, in terms of its efficacy, biosafety and eco-safety.
•The PDA@Ag coating on α-TCP cement was prepared conveniently and efficiently.•The effect of the coating on mineralization properties of cement was investigated.•The antibacterial assay of the cement ...was performed and the mechanism was analyzed.
The ideal orthopedic material demands excellent antimicrobial properties and bioactivity after initial implantation in vivo. In this paper, a polydopamine (PDA) film was prepared by dopamine self-polymerization on α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) cement, and then silver (Ag) particles were immobilized in-situ on the surface of PDA via a dipping method. The presence of PDA and Ag in the composition of modified cement was confirmed by XPS. The results showed that after the modification of PDA coating and Ag particles, the roughness and contact angle of the cement increased from 36.4 nm to 120 nm and 18.8° to 58.8°, respectively. Moreover, the mineralization capacity of modified cement was considerably enhanced, generating dense hydroxyapatite (HA) layer with a thickness of 3.04 μm. Furthermore, the modified cement was revealed to provide antibacterial rate over 99 %. It is suggested that good bioactivity and antimicrobial properties of the cement can be achieved using the promising method.
Metal Cu nanoparticles have been recognized as the long-standing presence in the fields of antibacterial and low-induced bacterial resistance, however, the uncontrollable Cu ion concentration from Cu ...nanoparticle leads to the unstable release of copper ions, limiting their controllable antibacterial application. Based on stable release of copper ions from Cu@C nanocapsules, herein, we report a novel A/B/C structure Cu@C@Fe3O4 nanocomposite to present integrated functionalities of highly controllable antibiosis and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption to realize a bifunctional EMW absorption system. With stable concentration, the Cu@C@Fe3O4 nanocomposite can slowly release Cu ions to experience an efficient reactive oxygen species process to realize extreme stable antibiosis behavior and long-term antibacterial effect that is 100 % bactericidal effect. With the sustained antibacterial conditions, the Cu@C@Fe3O4 with magnetic component simultaneously exhibits a good impedance matching to lead a broad microwave absorption with a bandwidth of 5.87 GHz. Considering above two functions, the multifunctional Cu@C@Fe3O4 provides a pathway for multifunctional EMW absorption materials exploration in antibacterial and microwave absorption applications. This strategy also indicates the possibility to functionalize magnetic nanocapsules towards even broader applications.
•The Cu@C@Fe3O4 nanocomposites were synthesized and exhibited effective absorbing bandwidth 5.87 GHz at 1.8 mm.•Cu@C@Fe3O4 can achieve 100 % bactericidal ability at lower concentrations (10 %).•Based on above two advantages, Cu@C@Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be applied in wide temperature range EMW absorption.•The optimal tuning regularity of enhanced EMW absorption was found with Cu@C@Fe3O4 nanocomposites as the model system.
Improving antibacterial performance is one of the prerequisites for the clinical application of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based dressings. In this study, a novel copper (Cu) ion loaded BC-based ...antibacterial wound dressing was prepared via codeposition of polydopamine (PDA) and copper ion. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the copper ion/PDA coating was more uniform than the PDA coating, and the 3D nanopore structure of BC was retained in Cu
@PBC. Cu ions were immobilized by forming a chelate with PDA. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the Cu
@PBC dressing decreased with the addition of copper ions. Cu
@PBC-2 film with a certain amount of copper sulfate used (10 nM) exhibited favorable antibacterial properties against both S. aureus and E. coli without obvious cytotoxicity. The results of the in vivo study also demonstrated that the Cu
@PBC-2 film can eliminate S. aureus infections and inflammatory response, promote collagen deposition, capillary angiogenesis, hair follicle growth and wound healing. These results suggest that the Cu
@PBC-2 film has prospective application as a wound dressing.
Developing sodium alginate (SA)/chito-oligosaccharide (COS) beads with antibacterial properties is highly appealing for food industrial applications. Herein, in this paper, the different ...viscosity-average molecular weight of SA/COS polyelectrolyte (SCP) gel beads were prepared by adding a low concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) as crosslinker and their size, mechanical property, microscopic morphology, elemental composition, and thermal stability of the gel beads were characterized. Furthermore, the morphological changes of gel beads in in vitro simulated digestion were investigated. A time-dependent co-culture assay was used to explore the antibacterial effect of gel beads on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed that as the viscosity-average molecular weight (Mv) of SA decreased, the bursting strength faded, the thermal stability decreased, and the swelling index increased. Similarly, increasing the Ca2+ content could also regulate the characteristics of the gel beads, such as diminishing size, increasing the bursting strength, making the surfaces rough, and producing the network structure in the cross-section. In addition, Ca2+ competes with COS in cross-linking with the carboxyl groups of SA, which leads to a decrease in the content of N element on the surfaces of the gel beads and to a weakening of the antibacterial effect. After the addition of COS, the gel beads obtained antimicrobial effects and a denser cross-sectional structure. The present study could provide a theoretical basis for the design and development of novel gel foods in the food industry.
Display omitted
•Edible gel bead was made of sodium alginate (SA) and chito-oligosaccharide (COS).•With the addition of Ca2+, the network structure inside the gel beads appeared.•Ca2+ would compete with the COS for the binding site of SA.•The addition of COS endows the gel bead with excellent antimicrobial activity.
The formation of multifunctional materials that demonstrate electrochemical capabilities, possess antibacterial attributes, and support cell adhesion stems from ongoing advancements in electrotherapy ...technologies. A significant challenge lies in formulating a material that can effectively counteract bacterial proliferation without adversely affecting mammalian cells. This study focused on modifying the surface of the conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), by integrating gold and silver particles. The modified PEDOT-Au/Ag surface displayed pronounced selective toxicity against E. coli while preserving its biocompatibility with normal human dermal fibroblasts. The physical characteristics of the PEDOT-Au/Ag surface, including its roughness and wettability, facilitated cell adhesion, while the inclusion of silver particles and the uneven surface contributed to its antibacterial properties. The cytotoxic potential of silver was mitigated through the incorporation of gold particles on the PEDOT surface. Consequently, PEDOT-Au/Ag surface has been identified as an advantageous candidate for enhancing electrotherapeutic applications due to its exceptional biological properties and electroactivity.
In the present study, cinnamon essential oil (CEO)-nanocapsules (CEO-NPs) were obtained through nanoprecipitation method by using chitosan and whey protein isolate (WPI) as wall materials. Effects of ...preparation conditions on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) were examined. The morphology and structures of CEO-NPs were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering, fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Differences in volatile constituents of CEO before and after embedding were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the antibacterial activity differences between CEO and CEO-NPs were evaluated by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results indicate that CEO-NPs having a size of 195.17 ± 1.35 nm and EE of 91.74 ± 1.10% are obtained when the wall material concentrations, pH, mass ratio of oil to wall materials, and emulsifier agent are 0.5% (w/w), 5, 1:1.8, and gelatin, respectively. FTIR revealed the encapsulation of CEO into nanocapsules, and DSC demonstrated the enhanced thermal stability of CEO after embedding. The zeta potential of CEO-NPs was found to be −31.7 ± 1.27 mV. Furthermore, GC-MS displayed the encapsulation of more than 90% ingredients of CEO into nanocapsules, and no significant difference in the main volatile constituents of CEO before and after embedding was observed. The MIC and DIZ values indicated a slightly decreased but more long-lasting and strong antibacterial activity of CEO-NPs against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fragi, and Shewanella putrefaciens (sh2) during the 10-day storage period. Consequently, CEO-NPs could be employed as a potential natural preservative in food industry.
•Encapsulation efficiency of cinnamon essential oil nano-capsules reached 91.74 ± 1.10%.•Cinnamon essential oil nano-capsules were prepared with the size of 195.17 ± 1.35 nm.•Cinnamon essential oil nano-capsules obtained a higher thermal stability.•The MIC and DIZ values of nano-capsules were 0.041 ± 0.016% and 34.4 ± 1.9 mm.•Cinnamon essential oil nano-capsules showed a high long-term antibacterial activity.
Most recently, silver nanoparticles due to antibacterial properties have been considered in medical science. So the aim of the study was green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Berberis ...vulgaris leaf and root aqueous extract and its antibacterial activity. After collection, identification and extraction of Berberis vulgaris was performed production of silver nanoparticles. In the study effect of parameters such as AgNO3 concentration (0.5, 1, 3, 10 mM), aqueous extract (3, 5, 10, 15, 30 mL) and contact time (1, 2, 6, 12, 24 h) were investigated in the synthesis of nanoparticles and also the antibacterial effect of these nanoparticles was studied on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by Disk diffusion test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC). According to XRD results and analysis of TEM, nanoparticles have spherical shapes and size of 30 to 70 nm. On the other hand antibacterial tests showed these nanoparticles have more antibacterial activity more than other extracts. Result showed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris is a clean, inexpensive and safe method that has not been used any toxic substance and consequently does not side effects and this nanoparticles has a high antibacterial activity.
•Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Berberis Vulgaris Leaf and Root Aqueous Extract•Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties using Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles•Doing Disc Diffusion Test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test•Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopyto identify nanoparticles synthesized•X-ray diffraction spectroscopyto identify nanoparticles synthesized•Dynamic Light Scattering Spectroscopy for identification nanoparticles synthesis•Transmission electron microscopy spectroscopy for identification nanoparticles synthesis
PDF
