Determining the effects of antimicrobial therapies on airway microbiology at a population-level is essential. Such analysis allows, for example, surveillance of antibiotic-induced changes in pathogen ...prevalence, the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, and the transmission of multi-resistant organisms. However, current analytical strategies for understanding these processes are limited. Culture- and PCR-based assays for specific microbes require the a priori selection of targets, while antibiotic sensitivity testing typically provides no insight into either the molecular basis of resistance, or the carriage of resistance determinants by the wider commensal microbiota. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing provides an alternative approach that allows the microbial composition of clinical samples to be described in detail, including the prevalence of resistance genes and virulence traits. While highly informative, the application of metagenomics to large patient cohorts can be prohibitively expensive. Using sputum samples from a randomised placebo-controlled trial of erythromycin in adults with bronchiectasis, we describe a novel, cost-effective strategy for screening patient cohorts for changes in resistance gene prevalence. By combining metagenomic screening of pooled DNA extracts with validatory quantitative PCR-based analysis of candidate markers in individual samples, we identify population-level changes in the relative abundance of specific macrolide resistance genes. This approach has the potential to provide an important adjunct to current analytical strategies, particularly within the context of antimicrobial clinical trials.
Objetivo: verificar el grado de deterioro de los indicadores clínicos del resultado de enfermería Gravedad del ojo seco en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: estudio ...descriptivo transversal desarrollado con 206 pacientes. A partir del resultado listado, se evaluaron seis indicadores de la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería con un cuestionario que contenía variables clínicas y la escala Likert de la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería con definiciones construidas, que varía desde más deteriorada hasta no deteriorada. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados: La disminución de la producción lagrimal y el enrojecimiento en la conjuntiva mostraron un mayor deterioro. Los otros indicadores fueron más frecuentes en ausencia de deterioro: cierre incompleto de párpados 81% (167), lagrimeo excesivo 95.1% (196), secreción mucosa excesiva 78.7% (162), y disminución del mecanismo de parpadeo 50.5% (104). Las características clínicas de la hospitalización por trastornos neurológicos, ventilación mecánica invasiva, quemosis, uso de sedantes, vasoconstrictores, benzodiacepinas, antibióticos y corticosteroides interfieren en el deterioro en la gravedad del ojo seco. Conclusión: Los indicadores de resultados muestran que las características clínicas de los pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos interfieren en el deterioro y en la gravedad del ojo seco. A partir de estas relaciones, se enfatiza la importancia de la asistencia dirigida a la prevención de enfermedades oculares.
Objetivo: verificar o grau de comprometimento dos indicadores clínicos do Resultado de Enfermagem Gravidade do Olho Seco em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva. Método: estudo ...transversal e descritivo desenvolvido com 206 pacientes. Do resultado elencado, seis indicadores da classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem foram avaliados com questionário contendo variáveis clínicas e com a escala de Likert com definições construídas, que varia de mais comprometido a sem comprometimento. Os dados foram analisados mediante estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a diminuição da produção lacrimal e a presença de vermelhidão na conjuntiva estiveram associadas com maior comprometimento. Os demais indicadores foram mais frequentes para a ausência de comprometimento: fechamento palpebral incompleto 81% (167), lacrimejamento excessivo 95,1% (196), excesso de secreção mucosa 78,7% (162) e mecanismo de piscar diminuído 50,5% (104). As características clínicas internação por distúrbios neurológicos, ventilação mecânica invasiva, quemose, uso de sedativos, vasoconstrictores, benzodiazepínicos, antibióticos e corticoides interferiram no comprometimento na gravidade do olho seco. Conclusão: os indicadores do resultado mostram que as características clínicas dos pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva interferem no comprometimento e gravidade do olho seco. A partir das relações, ressalta-se a importância da assistência direcionada à prevenção de agravos oculares.
Introduction: Bacteria of Aeromonas genus are ubiquitous organisms in aquatic environments. This work aims to explore the presence of four clinically relevant species in Lebanese waters and to study ...their susceptibility to antibiotics.
Methods: One hundred water samples are collected in northern Lebanon from different sources (river, springs, wells, ponds, sea, chlorinated water and sewage) and analyzed by culture methods. The isolates were identified at genus level by a PCR assay targeting gcat gene. The presence of four species (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. media and A. veronii) was investigated by a multiplex PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility was also studied.
Results: Aeromonas spp. was detected in 28% of investigated samples. In total, 38 isolates were identified as Aeromonas spp (10 out of 7 river water samples, 9 out of 35 spring, 9 among 26 wells, 5 out of 4 sewage samples, 2 out of 5 ponds, 2 out of 8 seawater samples and 1 out of 15 chlorinated water samples). Aeromonas hydrophila was the predominant species (19 isolates; 50%). The 3 other species were found to a lesser extent: A. caviae (3 isolates; 7.9%), A. veronii (2 isolates; 5.3%) and A. media (2 isolates; 5.3%). 12 other isolates (31.5%) remained unidentified by the used multiplex PCR technique. All isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. The most common resistance concerned beta-lactams.
Conclusion: This study has highlighted the interesting distribution of these species in aquatic biotopes in Lebanon and the threat of potential transmission of these resistant strains to humans.
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