A robust hole transporting layer (HTL), using the cost‐effective Cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O) as the precursor, was simply processed from its aqueous solution followed by thermal ...annealing (TA) and UV‐ozone (UVO) treatments. The TA treatment induced the loss of crystal water followed by oxidization of Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O precursor, which increased the work function. However, TA treatment differently realize a high work function and ideal morphology for charge extraction. The resulting problems could be circumvented easily by additional UVO treatment, which also enhanced the conductivity and lowered the resistance for charge transport. The optimal condition was found to be a low temperature TA (150 °C) followed by simple UVO, where the crystal water in Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O was removed fully and the HTL surface was anchored by substantial hydroxy groups. Using PM6 as the polymer donor and L8‐BO as the electron acceptor, a record high PCE of 18.77 % of the binary blend OSCs was achieved, higher than the common PEDOT:PSS‐based solar cell devices (18.02 %).
A robust hole transporting layer based on cobalt(II) acetate was developed by aqueous solution processing technology, low temperature thermal annealing and UV‐ozone treatment, which enabled a record high‐power conversion efficiency of 18.77 % of binary blend organic solar cells.
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide with renewable energy is a sustainable way of producing carbon-neutral fuels. However, developing active, selective and stable electrocatalysts is ...challenging and entails material structure design and tailoring across a range of length scales. Here we report a cobalt-phthalocyanine-based high-performance carbon dioxide reduction electrocatalyst material developed with a combined nanoscale and molecular approach. On the nanoscale, cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules are uniformly anchored on carbon nanotubes to afford substantially increased current density, improved selectivity for carbon monoxide, and enhanced durability. On the molecular level, the catalytic performance is further enhanced by introducing cyano groups to the CoPc molecule. The resulting hybrid catalyst exhibits >95% Faradaic efficiency for carbon monoxide production in a wide potential range and extraordinary catalytic activity with a current density of 15.0 mA cm
−2
and a turnover frequency of 4.1 s
−1
at the overpotential of 0.52 V in a near-neutral aqueous solution.
Nuclear spin relaxation rates of 2H and 139La in LaCl3+2H2O and La(ClO4)3+2H2O solutions were determined as a function of pressure in order to demonstrate a new NMR probe designed for solution ...spectroscopy at geochemical pressures. The 2H longitudinal relaxation rates (T1) vary linearly to 1.6GPa, consistent with previous work at lower pressures. The 139La T1 values vary both with solution chemistry and pressure, but converge with pressure, suggesting that the combined effects of increased viscosity and enhanced rates of ligand exchange control relaxation. This simple NMR probe design allows experiments on aqueous solutions to pressures corresponding roughly to those at the base of the Earth's continental crust.
Activated carbon prepared from lemon (Citrus limon) wood (ACL) and ACL/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite were effectively used to remove the cationic dye of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. The ...results showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully placed in the structure of ACL and the produced nanocomposites showed superior magnetic properties. It was found that pH was the most effective parameter in the CV dye adsorption and pH of 9 gave the maximum adsorption efficiency of 93.5% and 98.3% for ACL and ACL/Fe3O4, respectively. The Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) and Langmuir models were selected to investigate the CV dye adsorption equilibrium behavior for ACL and ACL/Fe3O4, respectively. A maximum adsorption capacity of 23.6 and 35.3 mg/g was obtained for ACL and ACL/Fe3O4, respectively indicating superior adsorption capacity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The kinetic data of the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic model, indicating that chemical mechanisms may have an effect on the CV dye adsorption. The negative values obtained for Gibb’s free energy parameter (−20 < ΔG < 0 kJ/mol) showed that the adsorption process using both types of the adsorbents was physical. Moreover, the CV dye adsorption enthalpy (ΔH) values of −45.4 for ACL and −56.9 kJ/mol for ACL/Fe3O4 were obtained indicating that the adsorption process was exothermic. Overall, ACL and ACL/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites provide a novel and effective type of adsorbents to remove CV dye from the aqueous solutions.
PDF
