A review of the animal welfare literature indicates that all the current measures used to evaluate it have limitations in how they assess attitudes toward animals and their care. Few studies have ...examined animal welfare outside non-Western nations, although attitudes toward animals and their welfare is an important issue in these countries also. The present study examines attitudes toward animal welfare in Cyprus as compared with the United Kingdom, and describes the development of a new measure to integrate the ostensibly disparate dimensions underlying attitudes toward animals and their abuse. Pilot items sampling a variety of attitudes toward animal welfare were administered to 523 people in the United Kingdom and Cyprus. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that many of the subdimensions proposed could not be empirically identified, and a general animal welfare dimension was sufficient to capture most of the variance. This scale—the Animal Welfare Scale—had a good reliability. The Animal Welfare Scale is brief and simple to score, extending the potential for research in the field of animal welfare alongside other psychological constructs and does not need any specialist administration to deliver; hence, it is potentially applicable to any animal welfare issues.
Taking up the body turn in sociology, this paper discusses scientific practices as embodied action from the perspective of Husserl's phenomenological theory of the "Body". Based on ethnographic data ...on a biology laboratory it will discuss the importance of the scientist's Body for the performance of scientific activities. Successful researchers have to be skilled workers using their embodied knowledge for the process of tinkering towards the material transformation of their objects for data production. The researcher's body then is an instrument of measuring as well as a kind of archive of knowing. Their body becomes a disciplined instrument which has its own place and function inside the laboratory. Furthermore, the appresentational apperception of Bodies (Husserl) is being discussed as a basis for the emotional and ethical concerns towards laboratory-animals. Attitudes towards animals in the laboratory setting (as well as elsewhere) are highly emotional. Nevertheless, following the literature of the sociology of the body, those emotional reactions still follow certain cultural patterns which themselves can be understood as embodied ways of knowing "right" or "wrong". Besides as an instrument, the scientist's body can also be understood as a resource of emotional attachment towards animals. It is an instrument for performing transformation as well as one for caring.
In this paper, I try to find out how we can increase the social awareness and acceptance of service dogs in Japan, indicating the results of the research among college students of department of ...animal health technology, who have much knowledge of companion animals. The students have experienced various occasions related to service dogs at schools during classes and hours for comprehensive studies, during the past 8 years since the Law Concerning Assistance Dogs for the Disabled took effect. The questionnaires used for the research contain questions on the awareness of service dogs, experiences with service dogs, measures and ideas for increasing social awareness and acceptance of service dogs. In conclusion, from the results of the research, likely measures will be indicated for increasing social acceptance of service dogs. Service dogs' harmlessness, severe training, high selection, necessity of service dogs in society may well be emphasized on possible appealing opportunities and much more opportunities of meeting service dogs should be increased.
Zvířata představují pro člověka prioritizované stimuly, je jim věnována větší pozornost než neživým objektům a tento zájem je doprovázen nejen pozitivními, ale také negativními emocemi, jako je ...strach a odpor. Obě emoce mají významnou adaptivní roli v situacích, které mohou být pro člověka potenciálně nebezpečné. Strach reaguje na přítomnost predátora či jiného strachového stimulu, který jej bezprostředně ohrožuje, zatímco odpor se vyvinul jako ochrana před chorobami a infekcemi. Tyto emoce však byly důležité nejen v evoluční minulosti člověka, do značné míry nás ovlivňují i dnes, přestože se se zvířaty ve volné přírodě setkáváme stále méně. Strach a odpor hrají zásadní roli také ve fobiích ze zvířat.
Tato práce tedy shrnuje naše dosavadní poznatky o negativních emocích, které v lidech vzbuzují zvířata. Zabývá se rozdíly mezi fungováním strachu a odporu, jejich vzájemným vztahem a také psychopatologiemi. V neposlední řadě se pak věnuje tomu, které konkrétní znaky zvířat ovlivňují nejen jejich přednostní vnímání, ale také pociťování specifických emocí, strachu a odporu, u různých skupin zvířat.
Animals represent prioritised stimuli for humans, they are given more attention than inanimate objects, and this attention is accompanied by not only positive emotions, but also negative ones, such as fear and disgust. Both of these emotions play an important adaptive role in potentially dangerous situations. Fear represents human reaction to the presence of a predator or another fear-inducing stimulus posing an immediate threat, while disgust has evolved as a protection against diseases and infections. These emotions were significant during human evolutionary history, but they continue to influence us to this day, despite humans coming into contact with animals in the wild with increasing rarity. Fear and disgust are also a substantial part of animal phobias. This work summarises our findings so far regarding negative emotions caused by animals. It deals with differences between the function of fear and disgust, their relation to each other, and their psychopathologies. Last but not least, it also discusses which specific features of animals influence their prioritized perception and experiencing of fear and disgust evoked by distinct animal groups.
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