The article discusses the optimization models for the use of agricultural aviation when performing chemical works. The question of determining the need of vehicles for the maintenance of agricultural ...work is of great national economic importance. Aviachemical method is firmly established in the technology of cultivation of grain crops. First of all, this is due to the fact that, compared to ground-based methods, the aero-chemical method of chemization of agriculture has a number of technical and economic advantages, including a higher quality and uniformity of chemicals, eliminates mechanical damage to crops, and less dependence on the physical and geographical conditions of the area, allows to obtain significant savings of chemicals and fuel, reduces the time of work.
The purpose of the study was to understand the role of Iraqi contract laws in rehabilitation programs in the aviation sector, as well as the impact of exploitation on development activities in this ...sector. The data (33 observations) were obtained from the General Authority of Civil Aviation of Iraq and the Central Department of Statistics and Information of Iraq and included the number of contracts signed with the Iraqi airlines in the period under study, the number of operations of the airways in the passenger and cargo segments, and the bank loans advanced to the airlines. The findings reveal that Iraqi rehabilitation programs were adequately contributed by the public-private partnership, but were marred by the evils of corruption.
Thanks to the increasing availability of consumer head-mounted displays, educational applications of immersive VR could now reach to the general public, especially if they include gaming elements ...(immersive serious games). Safety education of citizens could be a particularly promising domain for immersive serious games, because people tend not to pay attention to and benefit from current safety materials. In this paper, we propose an HMD-based immersive game for educating passengers about aviation safety that allows players to experience a serious aircraft emergency with the goal of surviving it. We compare the proposed approach to a traditional aviation safety education method (the safety card) used by airlines. Unlike most studies of VR for safety knowledge acquisition, we do not focus only on assessing learning immediately after the experience but we extend our attention to knowledge retention over a longer time span. This is a fundamental requirement, because people need to retain safety procedures in order to apply them when faced with danger. A knowledge test administered before, immediately after and one week after the experimental condition showed that the immersive serious game was superior to the safety card. Moreover, subjective as well as physiological measurements employed in the study showed that the immersive serious game was more engaging and fear-arousing than the safety card, a factor that can contribute to explain the obtained superior retention, as we discuss in the paper.
Introduction: Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) account for a considerable amount of fatalities when compared to other accident categories. Human factors are deemed significant contributory ...causes in these accidents. This paper aims to identify the human factors involved with aviation accidents that resulted in CFIT. Method: The study used the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework to determine the factors involved in 50 CFIT accidents from 24 counties over a 10 year period, i.e. 2007–2017. Interviews with five senior aviation safety experts were used to provide a better comprehension of the human factors affecting the flight safety. Results: The study identified 1289 individual causal and contributory human factors with unsafe actions and preconditions for unsafe actions being the main subcategories of the accidents. The study found that CFIT occur across a range of pilot experience and 44% of accidents occurred in cruise flight. Distraction, complacency and fatigue are all elements that flight crews may experience as contributors to CFIT during cruising. Conclusions: Human factors represent a major component of CFIT accidents. The analysis revealed a similar pattern of contributory and causal human factors across the various flight categories, with some noteworthy isolated variations. The prevalent factors were decision and skill-based errors along with communication, coordination and planning issues. Practical applications: Provision of specific CFIT awareness, pilot training focusing on improved decision-making and revision of basic flight skills, development of specific Global Positioning System routes for transiting high terrain areas are necessary to prevent CFIT accidents. Installation of Terrain Avoidance and Warning System and Ground Proximity Warning System and appropriate equipment training, specific CFIT Crew Resource Management training and improvement of organizational knowledge on the elements involved in CFIT are also recommended.
•Human factors are significant contributory causes in Controlled Flight Into Terrain accidents.•Unsafe actions and preconditions for unsafe actions are the main subcategories of CFIT accidents.•Decision and skill-based errors along with communication, coordination and planning issues are the prevalent factors.•Recommendations to prevent CFIT accidents are also provided.
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