By reflecting, in the specific of the Sixty-eight, on the dilemma between continuity of change between this year and the Seventy-seven, the Author tries to introduce a third option: the ‘77 as a ...necessity, after the ‘68, in order to make concrete the “giacobine” trends of the Protest. In this way, the Author reminds us how the Year of the Protest deals not only with History, but also with the Philosophy of History.
Tres poemas en versión bilingüe de la antología Contra la atrocidad (Valparaíso Ediciones, 2021), de Margaret Randall, con traducción de Sandra Toro. Randall ha publicado más de un centenar de libros ...de poesía, además de libros de historia, ensayo y fotografía. A fines de los años 50 y principios de los 60, formó parte del Movimiento de Poesía Beat en Nueva York. Posteriormente, fundó en México El Corno Emplumado/ The Plumed Horn, revista bilingüe que durante ocho años publicó a los escritores más significativos de la época, y participó en el movimiento estudiantil de 1968. De 1969 a 1980, vivió y trabajó en la Cuba revolucionaria; en 1974, visitó Vietnam del Norte durante los últimos meses de la guerra; y entre 1980 y 1984 residió en Nicaragua, donde se sumó al proyecto sandinista. En 1984, regresó a Estados Unidos pero fue deportada después de que el Gobierno de entonces considerara que sus libros estaban “en contra del buen orden y la felicidad” del país. Apeló y ganó el caso en 1989. Entre 1984 y 1994 enseñó en varias universidades norteamericanas. En 1990 recibió la Beca Lillian Hellman y Dashiell Hammett para escritores víctimas de la represión política; en 2004, el Premio Dorothy Doyle Lifetime Achievement del PEN New Mexico por su escritura y activismo pro derechos humanos; en 2017, la Medalla al Mérito Literario en Ciudad Juárez, México; y en 2019, el Premio Poeta de Dos Hemisferios en Quito, Ecuador. Actualmente vive en Albuquerque, Nuevo México.
In the recent years, short-term heart rate variability (HRV) describing complex variations of beat-to-beat interval series that are mainly controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been ...increasingly analyzed to assess the ANS activity in different diseases and under various conditions. In contrast to long-term HRV analysis, short-term investigations (<30 min) provide a test result almost immediately. Thus, short-term HRV analysis is suitable for ambulatory care, patient monitoring and all those applications where the result is urgently needed. In a previous study, we could show significant variations of 5-min HRV indices according to age in almost all domains (linear and nonlinear) in 1906 healthy subjects from the KORA S4 cohort. Based on the same group of subjects, general gender-related influences on HRV indices are to be determined in this study. Short-term 5-min HRV indices from linear time and frequency domain and from nonlinear methods (compression entropy, detrended fluctuation analysis, traditional and segmented Poincaré plot analysis, irreversibility analysis, symbolic dynamics, correlation and mutual information analysis) were determined from 782 females and 1124 males. First, we examined the gender differences in two age clusters (25-49 years and 50-74 years). Secondly, we investigated the gender-specific development of HRV indices in five age decade categories, namely for ages 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 years. In this study, significant modifications of the indices according to gender could be obtained, especially in the frequency domain and correlation analyses. Furthermore, there were significant modifications according to age in nearly all of the domains. The gender differences disappeared within the last two age decades and the age dependencies disappeared in the last decade. To summarize gender and age influences need to be considered when performing HRV studies even if these influences only partly differ.
A pesar de la abundancia de publicaciones sobre el “68” en México, que abarcan también sus antecedentes, causas y contextos, sorprende lo poco que se sabe tanto sobre el significado exacto de los ...entrelazamientos transnacionales para los sucesos en México como sobre la relación entre la contracultura y la política en el desafío del orden establecido. La presente contribución no tiene como objetivo llenar estas lagunas. Ampliando la perspectiva hacia la idea de los global sixties, el presente artículo más bien propone una reflexión sobre lo que pueden significar los planteamientos de la historia global, tanto para la comprensión de un periodo considerado como decisivo para el transcurso de la historia contemporánea mexicana, como para la interpretación de fenómenos históricos en muchas otras partes del mundo. Este sondeo se hace a la luz del diagnóstico de que la historia de América Latina, y particularmente su historia contemporánea, ha quedado hasta ahora al margen de la coyuntura de la historia global. El análisis de los años sesenta se presta para dar uno de los primeros pasos en la dirección de una mayor integración de la historia latinoamericana en general y de la historia mexicana en particular en las perspectivas de la historia global. El objetivo de esta integración consiste en llegar a una mejor comprensión no sólo de lo que sucedió en México o en otros países del subcontinente y del mundo, sino también de procesos más allá de los marcos nacionales de la historia.
Physical synchrony has been suggested to have positive effects on not only concurrent but also subsequent communication, but the underlying neural processes are unclear. Using functional ...near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning, we tested the effects of preceding physical synchrony on subsequent dyadic teaching-learning communication. Thirty-two pairs of participants performed two experimental sessions. In each session, they underwent a rhythmic arm movement block with synchronous or asynchronous conditions, and then taught/learned unknown words to/from each other according to a given scenario. Neural activities in their medial and left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured and inter-brain synchronization (IBS) during the teaching-learning blocks was evaluated. Participants rated their subjective rapport during the teaching-learning blocks, and took a word memory test. The analyses revealed that (1) prior physical synchrony enhanced teacher-learner rapport; (2) prior physical synchrony also enhanced IBS in the lateral PFC; and (3) IBS changes correlated positively with rapport changes. Physical synchrony did however not affect word memory performance. These results suggest that IBS can be useful to measure the effects of social-bonding facilitation activities for educational communication.
The current study aims at characterizing the mechanisms that allow humans to entrain the mind and body to incoming rhythmic sensory inputs in real time. We addressed this unresolved issue by ...examining the relationship between covert neural processes and overt behavior in the context of musical rhythm. We measured temporal prediction abilities, sensorimotor synchronization accuracy and neural entrainment to auditory rhythms as captured using an EEG frequency-tagging approach. Importantly, movement synchronization accuracy with a rhythmic beat could be explained by the amplitude of neural activity selectively locked with the beat period when listening to the rhythmic inputs. Furthermore, stronger endogenous neural entrainment at the beat frequency was associated with superior temporal prediction abilities. Together, these results reveal a direct link between cortical and behavioral measures of rhythmic entrainment, thus providing evidence that frequency-tagged brain activity has functional relevance for beat perception and synchronization.
Axonemal protein complexes, such as outer (ODA) and inner (IDA) dynein arms, are responsible for the generation and regulation of flagellar and ciliary beating. Studies in various ciliated model ...organisms have shown that axonemal dynein arms are first assembled in the cell cytoplasm and then delivered into axonemes during ciliogenesis. In humans, mutations in genes encoding for factors involved in this process cause structural and functional defects of motile cilia in various organs such as the airways and result in the hereditary disorder primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Despite extensive knowledge about the cytoplasmic assembly of axonemal dynein arms in respiratory cilia, this process is still poorly understood in sperm flagella. To better define its clinical relevance on sperm structure and function, and thus male fertility, further investigations are required. Here we report the fertility status in different axonemal dynein preassembly mutant males (DNAAF2/ KTU, DNAAF4/ DYX1C1, DNAAF6/ PIH1D3, DNAAF7/ZMYND10, CFAP300/C11orf70 and LRRC6). Besides andrological examinations, we functionally and structurally analyzed sperm flagella of affected individuals by high-speed video- and transmission electron microscopy as well as systematically compared the composition of dynein arms in sperm flagella and respiratory cilia by immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, we analyzed the flagellar length in dynein preassembly mutant sperm. We found that the process of axonemal dynein preassembly is also critical in sperm, by identifying defects of ODAs and IDAs in dysmotile sperm of these individuals. Interestingly, these mutant sperm consistently show a complete loss of ODAs, while some respiratory cilia from the same individual can retain ODAs in the proximal ciliary compartment. This agrees with reports of solely one distinct ODA type in sperm, compared to two different ODA types in proximal and distal respiratory ciliary axonemes. Consistent with observations in model organisms, we also determined a significant reduction of sperm flagellar length in these individuals. These findings are relevant to subsequent studies on the function and composition of sperm flagella in PCD patients and non-syndromic infertile males. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the fertility status in PCD-affected males and should help guide genetic and andrological counselling for affected males and their families.
The sensation of groove has been defined as the pleasurable desire to move to music, suggesting that both motor timing and reward processes are involved in this experience. Although many studies have ...investigated rhythmic timing and musical reward separately, none have examined whether the associated cortical and subcortical networks are engaged while participants listen to groove-based music. In the current study, musicians and non-musicians listened to and rated experimentally controlled groove-based stimuli while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Medium complexity rhythms elicited higher ratings of pleasure and wanting to move and were associated with activity in regions linked to beat perception and reward, as well as prefrontal and parietal regions implicated in generating and updating stimuli-based expectations. Activity in basal ganglia regions of interest, including the nucleus accumbens, caudate and putamen, was associated with ratings of pleasure and wanting to move, supporting their important role in the sensation of groove. We propose a model in which different cortico-striatal circuits interact to support the mechanisms underlying groove, including internal generation of the beat, beat-based expectations, and expectation-based affect. These results show that the sensation of groove is supported by motor and reward networks in the brain and, along with our proposed model, suggest that the basal ganglia are crucial nodes in networks that interact to generate this powerful response to music.
Abstract
Humans and animals can effortlessly coordinate their movements with external stimuli. This capacity indicates that sensory inputs can rapidly and flexibly reconfigure the ongoing dynamics in ...the neural circuits that control movements. Here, we develop a circuit-level model that coordinates movement times with expected and unexpected temporal events. The model consists of two interacting modules, a motor planning module that controls movement times and a sensory anticipation module that anticipates external events. Both modules harbor a reservoir of latent dynamics, and their interaction forms a control system whose output is adjusted adaptively to minimize timing errors. We show that the model’s output matches human behavior in a range of tasks including time interval production, periodic production, synchronization/continuation, and Bayesian time interval reproduction. These results demonstrate how recurrent interactions in a simple and modular neural circuit could create the dynamics needed to control timing behavior.
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