The objectives of this study were to model growth in anxiety and depressive symptoms from late school age through young adulthood in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and controls with ...developmental delay (DD), and to assess relationships among internalizing growth patterns, participant characteristics, baseline predictors, and distal outcomes.
Data were collected between ages 6 and 24 years in 165 participants (n = 109 with ASD; n = 56 with nonspectrum DD), most of whom received diagnostic evaluations in both childhood and early adulthood. Questionnaires were collected approximately every 3 to 6 months between ages 9 and 24 years. Parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL), and Developmental Behaviour Checklist anxiety- and depression-related subscale distributions were modeled with mixed-effects Poisson models, covarying diagnosis, age, verbal IQ (VIQ), gender, and significant 2- and 3-way interactions.
Anxiety was positively associated with VIQ, and controlling for VIQ, both anxiety and depressive symptoms were greater in ASD than nonspectrum participants. Female gender predicted greater increases over time in anxiety and depressive symptoms for both diagnostic groups. Lower maternal education was associated with increasing internalizing symptoms in a subset of less verbal individuals with ASD. In exploratory post hoc analyses, internalizing symptoms were associated with poorer emotional regulation in school age, and with lower life satisfaction and greater social difficulties in early adulthood.
Findings support previous claims that individuals with ASD are at particular risk for affect- and anxiety-specific problems. Although symptom levels in females increase at a faster rate throughout adolescence, males with ASD appear to have elevated levels of depressive symptoms in school age that are maintained into young adulthood.
Growing evidence of the importance of motor competence for developing a healthy lifestyle has been established in the last decade. Nonetheless, no single instrument or observation tool have been able ...to fully measure this construct, particularly because most were built for the diagnosis of children in risk for motor impairment; are limited to a few years of the developmental span; lack objectivity in the assessment protocols; or do not include the locomotor, stability, and manipulative components. This led to the difficulty of comparing researches, and longitudinally follow children into adulthood. Recently, a novel proposal to assess motor competence was presented - the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) - and this study aims to present the MCA normative data from 3-to-23 years.
Two thousand and eighty-seven participants (1102 boys) between 3 and 23 years of age were evaluated in the MCA (standing long jump, 10 m shuttle run, throwing velocity, kicking velocity, lateral jumps, shifting platforms). Results for each test were introduced in the LMS Chartmaker 2.3. The best model for test and sex was used, resulting in normative curves and percentile values.
Final norms showed a good fit to the instrument developmental expectations, allowing to differentiate and classify performances along the age interval.
The MCA age- and sex- normative values allow to assess motor competence from childhood to early adulthood. Future directions will include obtaining a total MCA score and the normative scores for the MCA components (stability, locomotion, object control), and to expand the norms to adulthood and old age.
Little is known about the longitudinal genetic and environmental association between juvenile irritability and symptoms of anxiety and depression. This study's goal was to assess the relationship ...between these constructs across a critical developmental period spanning childhood to young adulthood.
Parents (n = 1,348 twin pairs) from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development completed the Child/Adult Behavior Checklist (CBCL/ABCL) about their twin children. Data were collected during a prospective, 4-wave study starting in childhood (ages 8-9 years) and ending in young adulthood (ages 19-20 years). An irritability score and an anxious/depressed score were computed from CBCL/ABCL item endorsements. Genetically informative cross-lagged models were used to estimate the genetic and environmental relationship between these 2 constructs across time.
Our models suggested that irritability more strongly predicted anxious/depressed symptoms than vice versa, consistent with a causal role of irritability on anxiety/depression at older ages. This relationship was significant only in late childhood/early adolescence. Additive genetic and unique environmental factors were significant contributors to both irritability and anxious/depressed symptoms and were both specific to and shared between these 2 constructs. The same common environmental factors influenced both constructs, although these factors accounted for a smaller amount of variance than genetic or unique environmental factors.
This study adds to our understanding of the developmental relationship between irritability and anxious/depressed symptoms and the contribution of genes and environmental factors to their association across development. Findings suggest the need to monitor for emergence of internalizing symptoms in irritable children and their potential need for therapeutic intervention.
Maladaptive behaviors are challenging and a source of stress for caregivers of individuals with Angelman Syndrome (AS). There is limited information on how these maladaptive behaviors vary over time ...among individuals with AS due to different genetic etiologies. In this study, caregivers of 301 individuals with AS were asked questions about their child's behavior and completed the Aberrant Behavior Checklist‐Community version (ABC‐C). Developmental functioning was evaluated with either the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) or the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Family functioning was assessed using the parent‐completed Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Family Quality of Life questionnaire (FQoL). Approximately 70% of participants had AS due to a deletion on the maternally‐inherited copy of chromosome 15q11q13. Results revealed that at baseline, individuals with AS had low scores in the domains of lethargy (mean: 2.6–4.2 depending on genotype) and stereotypy (mean: 2.3–4.2 depending on genotype). Higher cognitive functioning was associated with increased irritability (r = 0.32, p < .01). Hyperactivity (p < .05) and irritability (p < .05) increased with age across all genotypes and should be ongoing targets for both behavioral and pharmacological treatment. Concerns for short attention span were endorsed by more than 70% of caregivers at baseline. Maladaptive behaviors, particularly hyperactivity, irritability and aggression, adversely affected parental stress, and family quality of life.
There is limited literature examining the adaptive functioning of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to (a) document Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-3) and ...Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3) adaptive behavior profiles of adolescents with ASD; (b) examine the comparability of the two measures; and (c) assess potential discrepancies between IQ and adaptive behaviors. Participants included 14- to 18-year-olds with ASD without intellectual disability. Significant adaptive skills deficits were observed with most scores at least one standard deviation below the mean. Relative weaknesses were observed for social and daily living skills. The absolute magnitude of VABS-3 and ABAS-3 scores differed. There were significant discrepancies between IQ and adaptive functioning. These findings have implications for clinicians and researchers.
To test the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic on the emotions, behavior, and wellness behaviors of first-year college students.
A total of 675 first-year university students ...completed a full assessment of behavioral and emotional functioning at the beginning of the spring semester 2020. Of these, 576 completed the same assessment at the end of the spring semester, 600 completed at least 1 item from a COVID-related survey after the onset of COVID pandemic, and 485 completed nightly surveys of mood and wellness behaviors on a regular basis before and after the onset of the COVID crisis.
Externalizing problems (mean = -0.19, 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.33, p = .004) and attention problems (mean = -0.60, 95% CI = -0.40 to 0.80, p < .001) increased after the onset of COVID, but not internalizing symptoms (mean = 0.18, 95% CI = -0.1 to 0.38, p = .06). Students who were enrolled in a campus wellness program were less affected by COVID in terms of internalizing symptoms (β = 0.40, SE = 0.21, p = .055) and attention problems (β = 0.59, SE = 0.21, p = .005) than those who were not in the wellness program. Nightly surveys of both mood (β = -0.10, SE = 0.03, p = .003) and daily wellness behaviors (β = -0.06, SE = 0.03, p = .036), but not stress (β = 0.02, SE = 0.03, p = .58), were negatively affected by the COVID crisis. The overall magnitude of these COVID-related changes were modest but persistent across the rest of the semester and different from patterns observed in a prior year.
COVID and associated educational/governmental mitigation strategies had a modest but persistent impact on mood and wellness behaviors of first-year university students. Colleges should prepare to address the continued mental health impacts of the pandemic.
Background: Previous studies have found that schoolchildren with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed difficulties in neuropsychological function. This study aimed to assess ...neuropsychological function in Chinese preschoolers with ADHD using broad neuropsychological measures and rating scales and to test whether the pattern and severity of neuropsychological weakness differed among ADHD presentations in preschool children.
Methods: The 226 preschoolers (163 with ADHD and 63 controls) with the age of 4-5 years were included and assessed using the Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) and a series of tests to investigate neuropsychological function.
Results: Preschoolers with ADHD showed higher scores in all domains of the BRIEF-P (inhibition: 30.64 ± 5.78 vs.20.69 ± 3.86, P < 0.001; shift: 13.40 ± 3.03 vs.12.41 ± 2.79, P = 0.039; emotional control:15.10 ± 3.53 vs.12.20 ± 2.46, P < 0.001; working memory: 28.41 ± 4.99 vs.20.95 ± 4.60, P < 0.001; plan/organize: 17.04 ± 3.30 vs.13.29 ± 2.40, P < 0.001) and lower scores of Statue (23.18 ± 7.84 vs.28.27 ± 3.18, P = 0.001), Word Generation (15.22 ± 6.52 vs.19.53 ± 7.69, P = 0.025), Comprehension of Instructions (14.00 ± 4.44 vs.17.02 ± 3.39, P = 0.016), Visuomotor Precision (P < 0.050), Toy delay (P = 0.048), and Matrices tasks (P = 0.011), compared with normal control. In terms of the differences among ADHD subtypes, all ADHD presentations had higher scores in several domains of the BRIEF-P (P < 0.001), and the ADHD-combined symptoms (ADHD-C) group had the poorest ratings on inhibition and the ability to Plan/Organize. For neuropsychological measures, the results suggested that the ADHD-C group had poorer performances than the ADHD-predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I) group on Statue tasks (F = 7.34, η2 = 0.12, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive symptoms group had significantly poorer performances compared to the ADHD-C group in the Block Construction task (F = 4.89, η2 = 0.067, P = 0.003). However, no significant group differences were found between the ADHD-I group and normal control.
Conclusion: Based on the combined evaluation of performance-based neuropsychological tests and the BRIEF-P, preschoolers with ADHD show difficulties of neuropsychological function in many aspects.
Bien que la jalousie soit reliée négativement au bien-être individuel et conjugal, peu d'instruments validés en langue française sont disponibles. Cet article présente la traduction de la ...Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (Pfeiffer & Wong, 1989) et la validation de l'Échelle multidimensionnelle de jalousie, un questionnaire évaluant les dimensions cognitive, affective et comportementale de la jalousie en 24 items. Les qualités psychométriques du questionnaire sont évaluées auprès de deux échantillons indépendants. Dans l'Étude 1 (N = 300), une analyse factorielle exploratoire suggère une structure tridimensionnelle du questionnaire abrégé en 15 items. La validité critériée et la fidélité (cohérence interne) sont également examinées. Dans l'Étude 2 (N = 381), des analyses factorielles confirmatoires appuient la structure tridimensionnelle de la version en 15 items. Ces résultats soutiennent l'utilisation de l'Échelle multidimensionnelle de jalousie en 15 items.
While jealousy has a negative link to individual and conjugal well-being, few valid French-language instruments are available. This article presents a translation of the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (Pfeiffer & Wrong, 1989) and the validation of its French version, Échelle multidimensionnelle de jalousie, a 24-item questionnaire evaluating the cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions of jealousy. Psychometric qualities of the questionnaire are evaluated through two independent samples. In Study 1 (N = 300), exploratory factorial analysis suggests a three-dimensional structure of an abridged questionnaire of 15 items. Criterion related validity and fidelity (internal consistency) are also examined. In Study 2 (N = 381), confirmatory factorial analyses support the three-dimensional structure of the 15-item version. These results support the use of a 15-item multidimensional jealousy scale.
Intérêt public
Dans une relation de couple, la jalousie peut se manifester de trois façons : des pensées envers la perte possible du partenaire, des émotions ou sentiments jaloux, et des comportements comme la vérification. Cette étude a permis de traduire en français un questionnaire évaluant ces trois facettes de la jalousie amoureuse. Les résultats montrent qu'une version en 15 items de cet outil semble bien évaluer la jalousie amoureuse chez les adultes.
Background
To date, no national‐scale psychiatric epidemiological survey for children and adolescents has been conducted in China. In order to inform government officials and policymakers and to ...develop a comprehensive plan for service providers, there was a clear need to conduct an up‐to‐date systematic nationwide psychiatric epidemiological survey.
Methods
We conducted a two‐stage large‐scale psychiatric point prevalence survey. Multistage cluster stratified random sampling was used as the sampling strategy. Five provinces were selected by comprehensively considering geographical partition, economic development, and rural/urban factors. In Stage 1, the Child Behavior Checklist was used as the screening tool. In Stage 2, Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents and a diagnostic process based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual were used to make the diagnoses. Sampling weights and poststratification weights were employed to match the population distributions. Exploratory analyses were also performed using socio‐demographic factors. Prevalence in socio‐demographic factor subgroups and overall were estimated. Rao‐Scott adjusted chi‐square tests were utilized to determine if between‐group differences were present. Factor interactions were checked by logistic regression analyses.
Results
A total of 73,992 participants aged 6–16 years of age were selected in Stage 1. In Stage 2, 17,524 individuals were screened and diagnosed. The weighted prevalence of any disorder was 17.5% (95% CI: 17.2–18.0). Statistically significant differences in prevalence of any psychiatric disorder were observed between sexes χ2(1, N = 71,929) = 223.0, p < .001, age groups χ2(1, N = 71,929) = 18.6, p < .001 and developed vs. developing areas χ2(1, N = 71,929) = 2,129.6, p < .001, while no difference was found between rural and urban areas χ2(1, N = 71,929) = 1.4, p = .239. Male, younger individuals, children, and adolescents from developed areas had higher prevalence of any psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was found to decrease with the age in the male group, while the female group increased with the age. Individuals diagnosed with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, a tic disorder, conduct disorder, and major depression disorder had the highest rates of comorbidity.
Conclusions
The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder we found is the highest ever reported in China. These results urgently need to be addressed by public mental health service providers and policymakers in order to provide access to the necessary treatments and to reduce the long‐term negative impact of these conditions on families and the society as a whole.
Siekiant įvertinti šeimai draugišką vadovo elgesį, reikia validžių ir patikimų tyrimo įrankių. Skėtinio skerspjūvio tyrimo metu buvo vertinamos šeimai draugiško vadovo elgesio (angl. ...family-supportive supervisor behavior) skalės (Hammer et al., 2009) lietuviškosios versijos psichometrinės charakteristikos Lietuvos darbuotojų imtyje (N = 180): vidinis suderinamumas, diskriminantinis, konvergentinis ir struktūrinis validumai. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog šeimai draugiško vadovo elgesio skalės lietuviškoji versija pasižymi geru vidiniu suderinamumu. Tinkamas konvergentinis validumas buvo patvirtintas nustačius statistiškai reikšmingus teigiamus ryšius su socialine parama, o diskriminantinis validumas patvirtintas nustačius statistiškai reikšmingus neigiamus ryšius su darbo ir šeimos vaidmenų konfliktu. Galiausiai, struktūrinis validumas buvo patvirtintas patvirtinamąja faktorine analize, kuri atskleidė, kad keturių faktorių klausimyno struktūra yra tinkamiausia. Tyrimų rezultatai parodė, jog šeimai draugiško vadovo elgesio skalės lietuviškoji versija yra tinkamas matavimo įrankis, tačiau reikia tolesnių skalės vertinimo tyrimų.
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