Vedānta is one of the oldest philosophical systems. While there are many detailed commentaries on Vedānta, there are very few mathematical descriptions of the different concepts developed there. This ...article shows how ideas from theoretical computer science can be used to explain Vedānta. The standard ideas of transition systems and modal logic are used to develop a formal description for the different ideas in Vedānta. The generality of the formalism is illustrated via a number of examples including
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La producción de embriones bovinos se ha incrementado exponencialmente en los ultimos años. El número de gestaciones depende de múltiples factores siendo el manejo reproductivo de las receptoras uno ...de los más importantes. El objetivo fue evaluar el desempeño reproductivo de vacas F1 cebú x suizo europeo utilizadas unicamente para receptoras en un programa de transferencia de embriones. La investigación se realizó en una unidad de producción pecuaria (UPP) en el municipio de Tamiahua, Veracruz. El estudio fue retrospectivo (Abril 2009-Noviembre 2023) y se utilizo la información de 116 receptoras. Los embriones y ovocitos fueron colectados de las donadoras Brahman de la UPP y los embriones fueron producidos in vitro por la empresa ABS en Torreón, Coahuila. El análisis estadístico se realizo utilizando el programa STATISTICA 7. El primer parto fue a los 42.2±9.1 meses de edad. Posteriormente las receptoras tuvieron parámetros reproductivos similares (P>0.05) en los diferentes partos con una media de 1.58±0.80 servicios por concepción (SPC), 193.3±122.5 días abiertos (DA) y 16.0±5.4 meses de intervalo entre partos (IEP) con un total de 4.0±1.6 partos y una estancia en la UPP de 7.9.±1.9 años. El porcentaje de desecho incrementó significativamente (P<0.05) en receptoras de 4 y 5 partos (46.2%) comparado con las de tres y menos partos (6.2%). En conclusión, el desempeño reproductivo de hembras bovinas utilizadas unicamente como receptoras en un programa de transferencia de embriones en el trópico cálido-subhúmedo fue satisfactorio y tuvieron un promedio de 4.0±1.6 partos durante 7.9.±1.9 años. El porcentaje de desecho de receptoras de más de 4 y 5 partos incrementó significativamente comparado con las de tres o menos partos.
The present paper proposes to take a new look at the imperial Mughal court’s pattern of patronage of arts and letters as a vital and indispensable component of the imperial state machinery on the one ...hand and an instrument of historical change on the other. It focuses on, and draws from, Čahār čaman, a mid-17th-c. work by Chandar Bhan Brahman, one of the prominent figures among poets, writers, scribes and secretaries in Mughal service; a person involved in the never-ending, and aesthetically intricate, ceremonial exchange of goods, honors, acts of refined praise and proofs of recognition that not only made up the rich and variegated courtly milieu of the period but also gave form and actively shaped the ethos of the Mughal state’s pattern of self-representation—all in the service of legitimating the imperial power and its expanding claim over increasingly vaster stretches of the Indian subcontinent and its regional rulers and their riches. The same was done in the garb of sophisticated aesthetics of imperial power that demanded rulers, princes, prominent chiefs and officers, executive clerks, accountants and administrative professionals to communicate and ever prove anew their status and position in the language and manners recognized as aesthetically pleasing and in the form requiring literary, if not poetical, skills and competence based on knowledge of recognized expressive forms and appropriate genres as well as individual talent and personal ambition.
The present paper proposes to take a new look at the imperial Mughal court’s pattern of patronage of arts and letters as a vital and indispensable component of the imperial state machinery on the one ...hand and an instrument of historical change on the other. It focuses on, and draws from, Čahār čaman, a mid-17th-c. work by Chandar Bhan Brahman, one of the prominent figures among poets, writers, scribes and secretaries in Mughal service; a person involved in the never-ending, and aesthetically intricate, ceremonial exchange of goods, honors, acts of refined praise and proofs of recognition that not only made up the rich and variegated courtly milieu of the period but also gave form and actively shaped the ethos of the Mughal state’s pattern of self-representation—all in the service of legitimating the imperial power and its expanding claim over increasingly vaster stretches of the Indian subcontinent and its regional rulers and their riches. The same was done in the garb of sophisticated aesthetics of imperial power that demanded rulers, princes, prominent chiefs and officers, executive clerks, accountants and administrative professionals to communicate and ever prove anew their status and position in the language and manners recognized as aesthetically pleasing and in the form requiring literary, if not poetical, skills and competence based on knowledge of recognized expressive forms and appropriate genres as well as individual talent and personal ambition.
The expression of interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs) in lymphocytes has been used for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. However, among-cow variability has yielded sub-optimal predictive accuracy. ...We hypothesized that the expression of ISGs (ISG15, OAS1, RSAD2, CLEC3B, and AKR1B1) in early pregnancy varies according to the proportion of Bos indicus (B. indicus) genetics on females. Multiparous cows were classified in three genetic groups, High Angus (HA; n = 45 0–33% Brahman influence), Angus-Brahman (AB; n = 30 34–67%), and High Brahman (HB; n = 19 68–100%) and submitted to a Select-Synch + CIDR protocol. Cows that displayed estrus (n = 94) were artificially inseminated (Day0; D0). On D19, blood samples were collected to obtain peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and measure progesterone (P4) concentrations. On D30, pregnancy diagnosis was performed. The expression of RSAD2 in PBMC of pregnant cows was positively related to the proportion of B. indicus genetics of the groups, but not the expression of ISG15 and OAS1. In pregnant cows, the proportion of B. indicus genetics was negatively associated to circulating levels of P4 concentrations. The P4 concentrations were related positively with RSAD2 expression. ROC curve results determined that for cattle with B. indicus genetics lower than 67%, the CLEC3B and AKR1B1 combination was the most accurate option to predict the outcome of pregnancy. In cows with more than 68% of B. indicus genetics, RSAD2 provided the best accuracy. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the proportion of B. indicus genetics and the ISGs gene expression in PBMC during pregnancy.
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•Expression of classical interferon-stimulated genes was not affected by the proportion of B. indicus genetics in pregnant cattle.•RSAD2 expression was influenced negatively by the plasmatic concentration of progesterone.•RSAD2 was the best predictor of pregnancy for cows with greater proportion of B. indicus genetics.
The partnership study of Brahman cross in East Java Andinata, Syahriar; Hartono, Budi; Wisaptiningsih, Umi
Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu peternakan (Indonesian journal of animal science) (Online),
8/2022, Letnik:
32, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This research aimed to know the revenue of beef cattle (Brahman cross) partnership system between feedlot companies and cattle farmers; observed the factors that affect the revenue from the sale of ...free-lactating cows and reared calves. Data collecting through the total sampling method by filling out questionnaires from 24 cattle farmers in four regions in East Java such as of Probolinggo Regency, Bojonegoro Regency, Batu City, and Malang Regency. The number of cattle (Brahman cross) raised is 155 pregnant heifers and 32 calves. The results showed that farmers suffered a loss from Probolinggo district with IDR 3,515.733, Bojonegoro Regency IDR 5,157,770, Malang Regency IDR 3,161,165 and Batu City amounted to IDR 2,247,017 in one period/animal Unit (AU). The factors that affect revenue were analyzed using multiple regression tests. The results showed that the factors such as the scale of ownership, number of family dependents, and production costs have a significant level (p value<0.05) that affect the revenue. The other factors like farmer age, education level, the experience of farming, and labor scale have no significant effect on the revenue of cattle farmers (p value>0.05).
Our objective was to expand the understanding of Bos indicus feed efficiency by utilizing Hereford × Brahman steers to determine if residual feed intake (RFI), residual average daily gain (RADG), and ...residual intake and gain (RIG) influence carcass and steak characteristics.
Hereford × Brahman steers (n = 29; age ± SD = 261 ± 41 d) were transported to a facility with a GrowSafe System (GrowSafe Systems Ltd.) to determine RFI, RADG, and RIG, then to a feedyard (BW of 391 ± 39.0 kg), fed 89 d, and slaughtered (BW 731 ± 70 kg). Steers were categorized on their value compared with the mean (x) for RFI, RADG, and RIG into groups of efficient, less efficient, less inefficient, and inefficient.
Efficiency measurements RFI, RADG, and RIG were not correlated with carcass or steak characteristics. Carcasses from less inefficient RADG steers had the least internal fat. Carcasses from less efficient RIG steers had the most adjusted backfat, and less inefficient RIG steers had lower yield grades than the less efficient and inefficient RIG steers. Steaks from the less inefficient RFI steers were tougher than the efficient and less efficient RFI. All other carcass and steak characteristics were not different.
The results provide information about RFI, RADG, and RIG for Brahman- influenced herds and consideration of the small sample size should occur when applying the information to management decisions for beef herds.
Selecting high-immune-responding cattle benefits the individual animal and the herd. To assess factors that have a role in determining the immune status of cattle, this study used 55 weaned bull and ...57 weaned heifer Brahman calves. Antibody-mediated immune response (AMIR) was determined by using a vaccine-specific IgG, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in response to cattle receiving the Salmonella Newport Extract vaccine. Cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) was determined by using a subcutaneous (neck) sensitization dose of Candida albicans (CA) with Quil-A adjuvant on Day 0. On Day 14, caudal skinfold thickness (SFT) was measured using Harpenden calipers prior to the intradermal injection of CA into the skinfold, and on Day 15, the injection site SFT was measured again. The response was determined by using the difference in SFT from Day 15 (post-injection) and Day 14 (pre-injection). In weaned Brahman calves, AMIR was not influenced by sex; however, there was sexual dimorphism associated with CMIR, in that bull calves had a greater response than heifers (p < 0.05). Our studies demonstrate that weaned Brahman calves can be separated into AMIR and CMIR classes and that AMIR and CMIR should be investigated further as selection tools in beef cattle production.
The ambiguous relationship between the Veda and Hinduism has attracted considerable scholarship. So have recent cases of revival and redesigning of Vedic ritualism. Much less has been written on the ...concepts, forms and actual practices of the coexistence of temple ritual and the Veda within the territory of the Hindu temple. This relationship, by no means homogenous and not easy to articulate, must often have been problematic while engaging issues of identity, eligibility, agency, economy and power. It remains relevant to contemporary national Hinduism and political scene. From the early years of temple Hinduism, the presence of the Veda in the Hindu temple depended on a dynamic process of inclusion and exclusion with prestige game, status aspiration and competition among ritual agents. To make sense of this relationship, the essay proposes a historically in-formed perspective set against a background of regional patterns of pat-ronage and temple economy while addressing a variety of such relation-ships from historical Malabar (today‘s Kerala) with a focus on the temple ritual of vāraṃ.
