INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the Primipara Breastfeeding Motivation Scale (PBMS). METHODS: This is a methodological study conducted with 400 ...primiparous women who have applied to the Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital in the Istanbul Province between December 2017 and December 2018, and who are in their postnatal 6th month. The study data were obtained using the Turkish language version of the 'Data Collection Form' and the 'Primipar Breastfeeding Motivation Scale'. The PBMS measurements were tested by conducting validity and reliability analyses. The validity analysis for the data was conducted using the content validity index, the exploratory factor analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis, the reliability analysis, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and the Cronbach's Alfa reliability coefficient. In evaluating the data, number/percentage, t test on dependent and independent groups, correlation analysis, Cronbach's α analysis, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. It was understood that motivation increased parallel to an increase in points on a scale with four sub-dimensions. RESULTS: PBMS is a 37-item scale developed to evaluate the postnatal breastfeeding motivation in primipara. A test-retest measurement was conducted at fortnightly intervals in order to evaluate the constancy of the scale in time. As a result, no difference was found between point averages (p=0.435). In the internal consistency analysis conducted to determine the scale's reliability, the reliability coefficient was found as α=0.884 for the value ascribed to breastfeeding dimension, α= 0.825 for the self-effectiveness dimension, α= 0.686 for the midwife support dimension, and α=0.873 for the expectation of success dimension. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was found that the Turkish language version of PBMS is a valid and reliable tool in identifying the breastfeeding motivation of mothers.
Responsive feeding serves as an important protective factor for infant growth and overall health development. This study based on self‐determination theory (SDT) aimed to assess the effects of a ...responsive breastfeeding (RBF) intervention programme on maternal breastfeeding and infant growth and development. A total of 110 mother–infant pairs were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group (n = 55) and a control group (n = 55). The primary outcomes were breastfeeding motivation score, breastfeeding self‐efficacy (BSE) and exclusive breastfeeding rate; the secondary outcomes were infant physical development at 6 weeks and 3 months. A repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the intervention group had significantly higher Enjoyment scores compared to the control group at three time points: at discharge (MD: 5.28; 95% CI: 3.68 to 6.89; p < 0.001), 6 weeks post‐partum (MD: 5.06; 95% CI: 3.80 to 6.31; p < 0.001) and 3 months post‐partum (MD: 5.24; 95% CI: 4.12 to 6.35; p < 0.001). Similarly, the intervention group reported significantly higher connection and mother's self‐perception scores at discharge (MD: 4.31; 95% CI: 3.07 to 5.56; p < 0.001), 6 weeks post‐partum (MD: 4.69; 95% CI: 3.71 to 5.68; p < 0.001) and 3 months post‐partum (MD: 4.93; 95% CI: 4.14 to 5.72; p < 0.001), compared to the control group. In contrast, the pressure from significant others scores were higher in the control group relative to the intervention group at discharge (MD: −2.09; 95% CI: −2.88 to −1.31; p < 0.001), 6 weeks post‐partum (MD: −4.35; 95% CI: −5.20 to −3.49; p < 0.001) and 3 months (MD: −4.89; 95% CI: −5.70 to −4.08; p < 0.001). Finally, the intervention group also reported higher Instrumental Needs scores at all three time points: at discharge (MD: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.58; p < 0.001), 6 weeks post‐partum (MD: 3.58; 95% CI: 3.05 to 4.11; p < 0.001) and 3 months post‐partum (MD: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.69; p < 0.001). BSE scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group at discharge (MD: 14.29; 95% CI: 10.38 to 18.21; p < 0.001), 6 weeks post‐partum (MD: 14.04; 95% CI: 11.05 to 17.02; p < 0.001) and 3 months post‐partum (MD: 6.80; 95% CI: 4.66 to 8.94; p < 0.001). The rates of exclusive breastfeeding were higher in the intervention group than in the control group at each stage of the intervention (p < 0.01). At 6 weeks post‐partum, the intervention group's infants showed slower weight (t = −0.90, p = 0.371) and length (t = −0.69, p = 0.495) growth compared to the control group, though not significantly. By 3 months post‐partum, there was a significant difference in both weight (t = −3.46, p = 0.001) and length (t = −2.95, p = 0.004) between the groups. The findings in this study suggest that the RBF intervention programme based on SDT may be effective in improving mothers' motivation to breastfeed, building breastfeeding self‐confidence and increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. The effects of the intervention on infant physical development will need to be verified with longer follow‐up in future research.
This study validated the impact of responsive breastfeeding (RBF) interventions on exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth and development. The RBF intervention helped to increase mothers' motivation for autonomous breastfeeding, enhance self‐efficacy in breastfeeding and improve the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. The impact on the growth and development of 6‐week‐old infants was not significant. Future intervention programmes should conduct longer follow‐ups after childbirth and further extend to infants and young children of different ages and backgrounds to better describe the impact of RBF on their growth and development.
Key messages
This study validated the application of responsive breastfeeding (RBF) intervention during the exclusive breastfeeding phase of Chinese infants.
The RBF intervention may help to increase mothers' level of autonomous motivation for breastfeeding, enhance breastfeeding self‐efficacy and increase exclusive breastfeedingrates. The intervention had no significant effect on the weight and length of 6 week old infants but significantly impacted 3monthold infants, with slower growth observed in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Future intervention programmes shouldinclude extended follow‐up periods to investigate the long‐term effects of RBF on infant growth and development.
Profile of Indonesian health in 2013 showed that the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 months is about 61.5%. The low level scope exclusively breastfeeding can not be separated ...from some factors affecting and one of them is a mother motivation to give exclusively breastfeeding to their baby. The other factors affecting breastfeeding are the socio-culture economy (formal education mother, family income and status working mother). The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between economic level and mother motivation towards exclusive breastfeeding provision in infants aged 0-6 months in BPS Ummi Latifah. This study was an observational analytic with a cross sectional design. Total population are 94 breastfeeding mother. Samples was obtained by accidental sampling techniques which consisted of 48 respondents. Analysis test used kendall-tau (τ). The results showed that the relationship between economic level and mother motivation towards exclusive
breastfeeding provision in infants aged 0-6 months was 0.339 with p=0.007 and coeffi cients contingency 0.662. In conclusion, there was a strong relationship between economic level and mother motivation towards exclusive breastfeeding provision in infants aged 0-6 months in BPS Ummi Latifah.
The Nationale Stillkommission was founded in Germany in 1994 to increase the acceptance of breastfeeding as the primary means of infant nutrition. Scientific studies like "Stillen und ...Säuglingsernährung (SuSe-Studie)", and regional studies in Bavaria, Freiburg, Hamburg, and Berlin demonstrated breastfeeding initiation rates of 90 to 95%, but the total breastfeeding rate decreased to 25-61% after infants were 6 months old. One predictor of breastfeeding duration may be maternal motivation. The present study aimed to describe breastfeeding motivation.
We analysed data collected in 2004-2008, during a previous study, the Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNiP). We retrieved data regarding maternal breastfeeding motivation, family environment, and socioeconomic factors. We constructed a quantitative breastfeeding-motivation score to identify factors involved in maternal breastfeeding.
Ninety five percent of mothers who gave birth in the study period and area provided information in the survey. The breastfeeding initiation rate was 88.4%. Mothers' intentions to provide exclusive breastfeeding (only breast milk, no other liquids or infant formula) increased linearly from 71.9% in 2005 to 76.8% in 2008. Women motivated to provide exclusive breastfeeding were, on average, older, primiparous, and able to deliver spontaneously more often than women with less breastfeeding motivation. Furthermore, women with no motivation to provide exclusive breastfeeding and women that intended to provide breastfeeding combined with a complementary nutrition source had visited prenatal classes less frequently, had lower levels education, had lower average incomes, had a German nationality more often, and used tobacco more often than women motivated to provide exclusive breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding intentions increased during the SNiP Study. This study identified several factors that might serve for targeted breastfeeding promotion in mothers younger than 25 years, mothers with low education, and multiparous mothers or women who have received a caesarean section. Furthermore, breastfeeding motivation might be enhanced during pregnancy and/or after delivery by providing prenatal classes.
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