Rescue Excavation in Aggtelek-Baradla Cave in 2019 Nyírő, Ádám Artúr; Holl, Balázs; V. Szabó, Gábor
Dissertationes archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae,
03/2023, Letnik:
3, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The team of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University conducted a rescue excavation in the Baradla Cave in 2019. The work concentrated in a passage leading to a ...less-researched branch of the cave (the so-called Róka-ág Fox Branch) and one of the lesser rooms named Biológiai labor (Biological Laboratory). The passage towards the low and narrow Róka-ág was used for millennia, as attested by the objects from various historical periods and the stakeholes, probably related to former wooden walkways, discovered there. We unearthed an intact Neolithic culture layer preserved by a travertine (calc-sinter) deposit in Biológiai labor, while the metal detector survey carried out in the cave simultaneously with the excavations yielded Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, as well as medieval metal objects. The most significant discovery of our metal detector specialists was a Middle Bronze Age depot of decorative bronze clothing accessories. The recovered findings and observed features confirmed that the internal spaces of the Baradla Cave served as venues for ritual activity in the Neolithic and the Bronze Age.
The first part of this research published previously proved without doubt that the metals dated to the Nordic Bronze Age found in Sweden were not smelted from the local copper ores. In this second ...part we present a detailed interpretation of these analytical data with the aim to identify the ore sources from which these metals originated. The interpretation of lead isotope and chemical data of 71 Swedish Bronze Age metals is based on the direct comparisons between the lead isotope data and geochemistry of ore deposits that are known to have produced copper in the Bronze Age. The presented interpretations of chemical and lead isotope analyses of Swedish metals dated to the Nordic Bronze Age are surprising and bring some information not known from previous work. Apart from a steady supply of copper from the Alpine ores in the North Tyrol, the main sources of copper seem to be ores from the Iberian Peninsula and Sardinia. Thus from the results presented here a new complex picture emerges of possible connectivities and flows in the Bronze Age between Scandinavia and Europe.
•New lead isotope & chemical data of 71 Swedish metals dated to the Nordic Bronze Age.•The results are surprising and bring some information not known from previous work.•The main sources of copper are ores from the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia and Austria.•A new picture of flows between Sweden and BA Europe emerges are presented here.
The paper discusses certain funerary finds, especially some possible ones, belonging to the Bronze Age, from the Mediaş-“Hăşmaş” site. Besides a Wietenberg cremation grave, there are arguments for ...including other finds among those with a Wietenberg funerary character, including a vessel conserved in the Mediaş museum, which outlines a group of graves in the respective site. Another discovery, kept in the same museum, may belong to a funerary discovery, namely a quadrilobed vessel with a perforated bottom, which documents burials during the Late Bronze, at the level of the Gligoreşti group, or the Noua culture. As we are talking about ancient finds, some without a precise context, certain information is missing, but those that could be recovered indicate some burials during the Middle and Late Bronze.
•Corrosion profiles of a systematic investigation of low-tin archaeological bronzes.•New compositional data on corrosion of bronzes.•Cuprite epitactic growth and slip lines preservation in the ...corrosion profile.•Patinas can preserve polishing marks and act as a marker for an original surface.•The role of azurite and malachite is explored on patinas on archaeological bronzes.
The study reports a systematic examination and analysis of low-tin wrought bronzes from archaeological burial environments in the Mediterranean. The corrosion profiles occurring on samples taken from thirty-six predominantly Corinthian and Illyrian helmets from excavations in Greece, were analysed using polarised metallography, SEM-imaging, SEM-EDX and X-Ray Diffraction methods. Analysis confirms and expands understanding of existing corrosion models for copper dissolution producing smooth tin enriched patinas that preserve the original surface as a marker layer. SEM-EDX compositional analysis of corrosion profiles with complementary imaging is used to discuss the conditions in which certain corrosion profiles are formed. The study reveals how analysis of samples from many objects of a similar manufacture, buried for similar time periods, can be used to develop detailed understanding of corrosion processes and provide better understanding of the likely appearance of the objects in antiquity.
The peoples who inhabited Europe during the two millennia before the Roman conquests had established urban centers, large-scale production of goods such as pottery and iron tools, a money economy, ...and elaborate rituals and ceremonies. Yet as Peter Wells argues here, the visual world of these late prehistoric communities was profoundly different from those of ancient Rome's literate civilization and today's industrialized societies. Drawing on startling new research in neuroscience and cognitive psychology, Wells reconstructs how the peoples of pre-Roman Europe saw the world and their place in it. He sheds new light on how they communicated their thoughts, feelings, and visual perceptions through the everyday tools they shaped, the pottery and metal ornaments they decorated, and the arrangements of objects they made in their ritual places--and how these forms and patterns in turn shaped their experience.
How Ancient Europeans Saw the Worldoffers a completely new approach to the study of Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe, and represents a major challenge to existing views about prehistoric cultures. The book demonstrates why we cannot interpret the structures that Europe's pre-Roman inhabitants built in the landscape, the ways they arranged their settlements and burial sites, or the complex patterning of their art on the basis of what these things look like to us. Rather, we must view these objects and visual patterns as they were meant to be seen by the ancient peoples who fashioned them.
Radiocarbon (14C) data for 2nd millennium BC urban sites in northern Mesopotamia have been lacking until recently. This article presents a preliminary dataset and Bayesian model addressing the Middle ...and early Late Bronze Age (Old Babylonian and pre/early Mittani) strata of Kurd Qaburstan—one of the largest archaeological sites on the Erbil plain of Iraqi Kurdistan. The results place the large, densely occupied and fortified Middle Bronze Age city in the first part of the 18th century BC, an outcome consistent with the site’s tentative identification as ancient Qabra. A long occupation gap (up to two centuries) probably ensued, before a smaller town confined to the high mound and part of the northeastern lower town resumed in the late 16th and early 15th centuries BC, possibly before this region became part of the Late Bronze Age kingdom of Mittani.
The development of 1D nanostructures with enhanced material properties has been an attractive endeavor for applications in energy and environmental fields, but it remains a major research challenge. ...Herein, this work demonstrates a simple, gel‐derived method to synthesize uniform 1D elongated sub‐nanotubes with an anatase/bronze TiO2 nanocrystal wall (TiO2 SNTs). The transformation mechanism of TiO2 SNTs is studied by various ex situ characterization techniques. The resulting 1D nanostructures exhibit, synchronously, a high aspect ratio, open tubular interior, and anatase/bronze nanocrystal TiO2 wall. This results in excellent properties of electron/ion transport and reaction kinetics. Consequently, as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), the TiO2 SNTs display an ultrastable long‐life cycling stability with a capacity of 107 mAh g−1 at 16 C after 4000 cycles and a high‐rate capacity of 94 mAh g−1 at 32 C. This a high‐rate and long‐life performance is superior to any report on pure TiO2 for SIBs. This work provides new fundamental information for the design and fabrication of inorganic structures for energy and environmental applications.
1D elongated sub‐nanotubes with an anatase/bronze TiO2 nanocrystal wall are synthesized through a gel‐derived method. This new structure exhibits a high aspect ratio, open interior, and an anatase/bronze nanocrystal wall, that results in fast electron/Na+ transport and large storage sites. This work enables new paths to the design and fabrication of inorganical structures for energy and environmental applications.
The Spearhead of the Pennon Knight, Matthew G; Cowie, Trevor G
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,
11/2019, Letnik:
148
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In 1999, the late Professor Charles Thomas donated a Middle Bronze Age spearhead to the National Museum collection. This spearhead came with a label indicating that it was part of the pennant taken ...into the Battle of Flodden by Robert Chisholme in 1513. This paper investigates the likelihood that such a claimed association could have any basis in truth, as well as briefly contributing some thoughts on the discovery of already ancient objects in the past.
Octahedral tilting in the tungsten bronzes. Addendum Whittle, Thomas A.; Schmid, Siegbert; Howard, Christopher J.
Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials,
December 2018, Letnik:
74, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The studies of octahedral tilting in the tungsten bronzes Whittle et al.(2015 ). Acta Cryst. B71, 342–348 were continued in the context of a more general approach to cooperative rotations of ...interconnected rigid units Campbell et al.(2018). Acta Cryst. A74, 408–424. That more general approach has detailed possible structures not identified in our 2015 paper. A brief comment on the implications of finite tilts for octahedral distortion is included.
Further investigation of the tilting of corner‐connected octahedra in the tetragonal tungsten bronzes has revealed possible structures not identified in our earlier work.
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